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AI Final

Artificial intelligence

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6 views

AI Final

Artificial intelligence

Uploaded by

jainsayam606
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inference in First

Order Logic
Constraints
This presentation explores the fascinating field of inference within the
framework of first-order logic constraints. We will delve into the fundamental
concepts, explore the mechanics of inference, and discuss its profound
implications for artificial intelligence.
Fundamentals of First
Order Logic
Language of Formal System of
Knowledge Reasoning
Representcition It establishes a set of rules and
First-order logic provides a axioms for deriving new
formal lanquage for knowledge from existing
expressing knowledge and knowledge.
reasoning.

Foundcation for AI Applications in


Systemns Various Fields
First-order logic is a Its applications extend to
fundamental building block for areas such as natural
many Al systems, enabling lanquage processing, robotics,
reasoning and problem and expert systems.
solving.
Syntax and Semantics of First-Order Logic
Syntax Semantics Relationship between
Defines the well-formed formulas of the
Syntaix and Semantios
Assigns meaning to formulas, defining
language, specifying how symbols and the truth value of a statement in a given The syntax provides the structure, while
operators can be combined. interpretation. the semantics provides the meaning.
ensuring a consistent and logical system.
Quantifiers and Variables
in First-Order Logic
one O00
Universcal Quantifier Existentical Qucantifier
( (
Expresses that a statement is Expresses that there exists at
true for all elements in a domain. least one element in a domain
lent few
that satisfies a statement.

Vairiables Binding
Represent unknown or Quantifiers bind variables,
unspecified objects in a formula. specifying the scope of their
all Some

interpretation.
Satisfiability and Validity
in First-Order Logic
Satisfiability A formula is satisfiable if there
exists an interpretation where it is
true

Validity A formula is valid if it is true under


all interpretations.

Relationship Validity implies satisfiability, but


not vice versa.
Automated Theorem Proving Techniques
Resolution-based Theorem Proving SAT SOlvers

Uses the resolution rule to systematically search for a Specialized algorithms for finding satisfying assignments for
contradiction in a set of clauses. propositional logic formulas.

2 3

Model Checking
Enumerates all possible models and checks if the formula is
true in each model.
Applications of First
Order Logic Constraints

Robotics Databases
Reasoning about actions, planning. Expressing constraints and ensuring
and navigation. data integrity.

Artificial Intelligence Knowledge


Developing intelligent agents
Representation
capable of reasoning and learning. Formalizing knowledge about the
world and using it for reasoning.
Challenges and
Limitations of Inference
in First-Order Logic
Computational Undecidability
Complexity There is no general algorithm
Inference in first-order logic to determine the satisfiability
can be computationally or validity of all first-order
expensive, especially for logic formulas.
complex formulas.

3 Incompleteness 4 Knowledge
Some valid formulas may not Acquisition
be provable using standard Obtaining accurate and
inference rules. complete knowledge to
represent in first-order logic
can be challenging.
Conclusion and Future
Directions
First-order logic provides a powerful framework for representing knowledge
and reasoning, enabling the development of intelligent systems. Future
research focuses on developing more efficient inference techniques,
addressing limitations, and exploring applications in emerging areas such as
explainable Al and human-computer interaction.

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