MICROBIOLOGY

GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY

you demonstrate it?(2022)

1 What is flágella ? How will
2 Describe cold sterilization, (Give
exámples). Mention five commonhy ee:
coñcentration.(2023)
disinfectants and their recommended
diagnosed as tetanus
3One yOung male patient after RTA was clinicaly
i) Name the bacteria causing it.
i) Discuss its morpbology.
explanatlon
i) Name one comnon media where it grows along with its
prevention.
Iv) Discuss its pathogenesis. v) Outline its
w) Name the model animal for animal pathogenicty testing along with its manifestation
SHORT NOTE.:

1.Bacterial capsule (2005,2011,2016)(Nov-Dec 2019)

2.Plasmid (2005,2009,2011 )
3 Koch's postulate (2006) sCiDine

4 Bacterial flagella (2007)

5. Antiseptic agent for hand hygiene in health care. (2009)
6.Bacterial spore (2010,2015,2017)
7.Transport media (2010)
2. Disinfection (2011)
9. Mutation (2012)
10. Enrichment media (2013)
11.Transport media (2014)
12. Sterilisation (2016) Gf Medicine
13. Bacterial cell wall (2019)
14.Fumigation of operation theatre (2019)
15. LJ media (2021)
16. Koch's postulate.(2022)

COMMENT ON:
1 Al bacteria do not obey Koch's postulate. (2015)
2 Antibiotic resistance may be due to several factors. (2014)
3Microbological waste shouldbe segregated before disposal. (2013)
4 Phages are important tools for gene transfer in bacteria (2013)
3 Gram positive and gram negative bacteria - differences (2012,2014)
bPasmid has an important rote in transter of drug resistance in bacterla, (2009,2012)
Aiaerobic bacteria donot grow on routinely prepared culture media. (2010)
 postulate has its relevance till today. (2007)
8. Koch's
Bacterial motility can be demonstrated in many ways. (2007)
9 There are many ways for genetic alteration in bacteria (2017)
10
naerobic bacteria need special culture technique(Nov-Dec 2019)
12 Quality control is essential to maintain proper function of autoclave(Nov-Dec 2019)
43 Moist heat sterilization is more efficient than dry heat (2019)
14. Moist heat is more effective than dry heat in sterilization.(2021)
15, Microbial waste should be segregated before disposal (2021)
16. Cell wall of gram positive bacteria differs a lot from that of gram negative bacteria(2022)
17 Macconkeyagar is a selective andindicator media.(2022)
18. Halophilic vibrios needs high concentration of salt for their growth.(2022)
19.Gram staining of suspected wound swab may not confirm the laboratory diagnosis of
tetanus.(2023)

DIFFERENCES:
1. Antiseptic and disinfectants (2015)
2. Eukaryote and prokaryote (2015)
3. Dry heat and moist heat sterilisation (2006,2013)
4. Lag phase and log phase (2012)
5. Flagela and fimbriae (2007,2011)(Nov-Dec 2019)
6: Exotoxin and endotoxin (2007,2009)
7. Transcription and translation (2006)
8. Cellwall of gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
9. Tyndallization &Inspissation (2017)

IMMUNOLOGY
LONG QUESTION:
1. A mother of Rh D negative blood group delvered aRh D positive baby with
severe
jaundice, She had Rh Dpositive first child without any complication of the baby, What
immunological reaction is responsible for the jaundice of the baby? Write the
mechanism of action of such immunological reaction? Give an example of one
immunodiagnostic test based on this type.: Write the principle of the test in short
(2008)(1+4+1 +4)
2. Define hypersensitivity, Discuss type lVhypersensitivity. Write down the role f
complenment in hypersensitivity. (2022)
3. Briefly deseribe the mechanism of anaphylaxis. Enumerate the chemical mediater
released in such reactions with their significant roles.(2023)

SHORT NOTE:
1. IgE (2006,2012,2013)
2. Heterophile antigen (2007,2012)
3. IgM (2009,2011)
 (2009)
4. Type Ihypersensitivity
5. IGA (2010,2016)
response (2013)
6 Primary immune
(2014)
7 Monoclonal antibody
phenomenon (2014)
8 Prozone
9. Cytokine (2015)
10. ELISA test (2017)(Nov-Dec 2019)
11. Type 3 hypersensitivity (2019)
1
hypersensitivity
(20
13. TypeIl Hypersensitivity.(2023) Garyre i an
COMMENT ON:
1. Complement takes part in both adaptive and innate immunity. (2015)
2. Self- antigens are usually non antigenic but there are exceptions. (20t4)
3. Self- mediated immunity is more important for recovery from viral infection. (2012)
4.Unrelated antigen may bé used as diagnostic test (2014)
5. IgE immunoglobulin mediates type ihypersensitivity. (2011)
6. Weil- Felix is a heterophile agglutination test. (2010)
7. Complement may be activated in many ways. (2007,2017)
8. T-helper ceil in jmmünological response. (2016)
9.Passive immunisation in certain conditions. (2016)
10. Secondary immune response is more promptthan primary immune
response (2021)
11. Anaphy laxis is àn immunological mediated process(2022)

DIFFERENCES:
1. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity (2015)
2. Primary and secondary immunity (2006,2014,2017)
3. T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte (2013) (2019)
4. Immunofluorescence and ELISA
(2013)
5. CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte (2012)
6. Agglutination and precipitation (2011)
7. TH 1 and TH 2 immune response (2009)
8. Active and passive immunity
(2007)(Nov-Dec 2019)

SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY
LONG QUESTION:
1. 8 years old boy comes to the hospital with fever.
asphvxia, toxaemia, On examinatOn, a
pseudomembranous patch over the faucial area is found. Provisional diagnosiS? Causau
arent? Lab diagnosis? Write briefly on one in vivo and one in
Vitro test to determine
Virulence of the organism isolated. (Corvnebacterium diohtheriae) (2010,2015) (1+1*
2 Afemale
aged about 53 years presented with evening temperature not exceeding
100-F for about a month accompanied by rise of
cough, expectoration and occasioe
Haemoptysis. X-ray shows opacity in the apical region
diagnosis? Causative agent? Lab diagnosis? Methods ofof thedrugright lung. Provisi
sensitivity testing.[Pulmonary
tuberculosis)(2013,2015) (1+1+5+3)
 vomiting, headache, neck rigidity. Provisional diagnosis?
with highfever,
2years
old-
Lab diagnosis? Vaccine?(Meningitis)(2014)\(1 +1+5+3)
3 agent?? salivation, mild fever, adherent thick greyish
Causative acute sore throat, dysphagia,
years old- oropharynx which bleeds on removal. Provisional
4 3 found lover thetonsil and lab diagnosis? Prevention?
patchis Causative agent? Collection of sample with
diagnosis?
(Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae)
X(2014)(1+1+6=2)
wentto a
Chinese restaurant. They had soup followed by fried rice and chilli
5 Twofriends started| vomiting followed by diarrhoea. They also develop fever
After 2 hoursthey
chicken.
onexaminationBP low. Provisional diagnosis? Mechanism of action behind this
manifestation, Lab diagnosis? (Staphylococcal food poisoning)(2013) (1+4+5)
newly-married lady-fever, increased frequency, burning micturition Provisional
6.20years etiological agents? Lab diagnosis(UTI)(1+2 7)
diagnosis ? caausative agent? Other
(2006.2010)
man- fever, generalised petechial ash multi-organ failure, shock Provisional
720 years old (Fulminant meningococcemia)
diagnosis? Causative bacteria? Lab diagnosis2, Prevention?
(2006) (2+1+4+3)
coated tongue.. mild
o An adult male suffering from cÙntinuous fever for 5 days. He had
bacteria? Lab
sDlenomegaly and ralative bradycardi. Provisional diagnosis? Causative
diagnosis? Vaccine? typhoid fever(2011,2017) (1+2+5+2)
oAbaby of 4 weeks admitted to hospital with fever, drowsiness, irritability, photophobia,
vomiting, neck rigidity, CSF turbid, Clinical iagnosis? Caúsative bacteria? Lab diagnosis?
Neonatal meningitis) (2011,2016) (1+3+6)
10. A35 years old man - history with contact with female sex worke- urethral discharge--no
gram-negative diplococci. Provi_ional diagnosis? Etiological agent? Lab diagnosis?what is
L-form? (Non-gonococcal urethritis) (2012) (1+1+6+2)
11. A
12 years old boy-severe dehydration, cold clammy extremities- hisiory of frequent
passage painless watery stool, What is the clinical condition? Etiological agent?
Pathogenesis? Lab diagnosis? (Cholera) (2007,2013,2010)
12. A45 years old lady-fever, malaise, weakness, anorexia -history of tooth extraction few
days back. Past history of polyarthritis in late childhood, cinical examination -fever-systolic
cardiac murmur. Provisiónal diagnosis? EOogical Lab diagnosis? (Rheumatic fever)
(2008,2009) (1+2+7) agentC
13. A25 years old man-painless indurated, superficial genital ulcer. The inguinal lymph
nodes are swollen, disctete, robbery. non-tender. History of unprotected sexual exposure.
Provisional diagnosis? Causative organism? Lab diagnosis? (Syphilis) (2007,2009,2017)
(1+3+6)
complaint of fever for a month not
14. Aöyear old child has been brought to chest OPD with weakness(Nov-Dec 2019)
exceeding 100 degree F with occasional haemoptysis and
a What may be the clinical diagnosis
O What is the William etiological agent if
the clinicalcondition?
laboratory(Nov-Dec 2019)
ow Will you proceed to
confirm the case in the
the disease(Nov-Dec 2019)
d Discuss briefly in immuno prophylaxis agent attend the hospital OPD with the
patient complaint
15. A25 years old newly married female during micturition for last three da
micturition and burning sensation
O Tever, freguencv of temperature and tenderness over the loin
revealed raised body
Physical examination
diagnosis.
aName the probable clinical
causative micio organism.
b Name the Conmon diagnos0s of such a case
laboratory
G. DiScuss the
 hospital OPD with the
30 year
16. Aand old man has Been brought to the complain of
fever haemoptys1s forthe last one month. Name two clinical conditions that may be
for
cough.
considered in the differential diagnosis the above condition, Name bacterial
agent commonly responsible for causing such a condition Name a skin test Usefulain the
commonly
diagnosis of the infection caused by this bacteria. Describe briefly the steps of isolation and
(2019)
Identification of above bacteria in the microbiology laboratory.
painless ,
17.A35 vear old bus conductor came to the OPD with the complain of a
Condition ? Name he
davs and recent history of exposure. What could be the clinical
organism responsible for the condition. How will youcontirm this in the laboratory? (2040.

18.A 40 year old man came to thà OPD with a history of fever for 2weeks. He had quoted
tongue, relative bradycardia, mild hepatosplenömegaly anda rash of roseola sbots
a) What is your diagnosis?
b)What are the causative organism.
c) How will youproceed for diagnosis in the laboratory.
(1+2+7) (2021 );
19.One young male came to the OPD with painless penile ulcer for 7 days. He had a history
of expOsure.
a) Name the probable clinical condition
b) Name the causative organism.
c) How will you confirm the case in the laboratory.
d) Enumerate the othèr important fest to be done in these situation.
(1+2+6+1) (2021)
20. A45 year old lady camè to the medicine OPD with history of productiv cough for last 3
weeks and evening rise of temperature. She also infomed the physiçiaD about her weight
loss over previous few months and two episodes of coughing with blood- tinged sputum 3
ays back.
i)What is your proisiónaldiagnosis ?
ii) Name the most probable causative bacteria in this country.
ii) How willyou diagnose the case in the laboratory ?
iv) Write in brief about different drug resistant pattern of the di_ease.(2022)
21. Emumerate the causative agent of bacterial meningitis. How will you diagnose acase of
suspected meningococcal meningitis ?(2022)
22. Isolation of C. diphtheria from elinical samples does not-contirm the isease
diphtherta.(2022)
23. A9 year old girl is admitted in the pediatric ward with history of fever not touching the
baseline and is increasing gradually over the past 6 days. She was having pain in abdomen.
loss of appetite and general weakness. On examination,she was found lo have a
temperature of 101'F, pallor,coated tongue, mild splenomegaly and abdominal tenderness
)What is the clinical condition?
u) What are the likely bacterial agents involved?
i) How will you establisl1 the etiological diagnosis in the laboratory?
v) Outline the treatment guideline in this case.
v)Can you prevent such infection?(2023)
24 VWhat is the etiological agent of Primary Amoebic Encephalitis (PAM), What is the mode
of infection? How PAM is diagnosed in
lab?(2023)
 SHORTNOTE

TPHA(2007)pertenue(2016)
Treponema

test(2012)
3VDRL vibrio(2013)
VE iC ansy
4
Halophilic
ncshock syndrome(2014)ei
reaction (2015) (2011,2015,2017)
6 Nagler
Non-gonococcal urethritis
7
8 Satelitism (2007) 2019)
Environmental Mycobacteria (2017)( Nov-Dec
a syphilis(Nov-Dec 2019)
10 Scrub of Escherichia coli. (2019)
11.Diarrheagenic Strains
(2021)
12 Bacterial spore
13. Tetanospasmin (2021)

COMMENT ON:
1. Non treponemal test cannot confirm syphilis. (2015)
2 Result of a single Widaltest shoutd be interpretedwith caution: (2014)
3. Coagulase-negative stapbylococcus are never pathoenic (2014)
4Isolation of C. diphthriae from cliniçal sample dos not confim diphtheria. (2011,2013)
5VDRL pOsitivity does not necessarily mean Treponemapallidum. (2013)
6 Though a commensal in Gltract E. colimay cause diarrhoea. (2012)
7Gas gangrene is polymicrobial in nature. (2011)
8 Haemophilus ducreyi requires only Xfactor (2010)
9 Enterococcus is known for its multidrug resistance. (2010)
10. UTIcarn occur without significant bacteriuria. (2009)
11. VDRL test may be positive in people without syphilis. (2009)
12 Bacteriological profile of purulent meningitis varies in accordance with age of patient.
(2006) JNMHasp
13. Asingle Widal test may not be diagnostic of typhoid fever, (2006)
14. Mantoux test positively may not be diagnostic of tuberculosis in india. (2006)
15. Diarrhoea caused by anyvibrio species is not cholera. (2006)
16. Alldiphtheria is non toxigenic (2016)
17. Chioramphenicol in treatment of typhoid. (2010)
16. Acombination of VDRL and TPHA test is better than either of them alone for the
dlagnosis of exclusion of syphilis. (2010)
19 Post-primary tuberculosis differs in many ways trom primary tuberculosis (2017)
20 Nocardia differs in many ways from Actinomycetes (2017)
21 Diagrnos1s of secondary syphilis(Nov-Dec 2019)
22 Rheumatic fever ocCurs as a result of repeated infection
with
(Nov-Dec 2019) (2019)
streptococcal infecton
23 VDRL s not a specific test for syphilis
24 H Influenzae infection in children is preventable (2019)
25 Interpretation of widal test depends on 6everal factors (20o
 26. Isolation of corynebacterium diphtheria from clinical sarnplo does not confirrm
diphtheria (2021)
27 Toxic shock syndrome mnay be caug9d by vaious actiobgical agents (2022)
sequelag of
28 Rheumatic fever is aimmunological
of aculo rheumatic
streptococcal ifecdion
fover develop after 3 week (2022)
29. Clinical anitfostations
streploc0ccal sore throat.(2023)
titre is important to interpret the resut of
fclowing
30 Aknowledge about endemic abdomen.(2023) Widal Te (223,
31 Ascariasis can lead to development ol acute
origin.(2023)
32 Gas gangrene is polymicrobial in

DIFFERENCES:
1.Classical and El tor biotypes of Vibrio cholarae (2011) (2019)
2. infection type and toxin type of food poisoning. (2010)
3.Secretory and invasive diarrhoea (2009)
4. Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus pneumonia (2016)
5. Anthrax and anthracoid bacilli (2016)
6 Infection &toxin type of food poisoning (2017)
7. Streptococcus viridans and streptococcus pneumoniae(Nov-Dec 2019)
8 VDRL and RPR tests (2019)
9 Typical and atypical mycobacteria(2021)
10.Streptococcus and staphylococcus (2021)
11. Gram positive and Gram negative cell wall (2021). ne

PARASITOLOGY

LONG QUESTION:
1. A
30 yr,old man from Bihar has been admitted to the hospital with history of fever
weakness, blackening &huge hepatosplenomegaly.What is your Provisjonal Diagnosis?
What is the causative agent? Write down the pathogenesis &laboratory diagnosis of that.
(1+1+4+4)(2014,2016)(Kala-azar)
2. Aboy aced 10yr. low-socioeconomic status attended O.P.,D. with complication of
indignation, weakness, occasional pain in epigastric region. On examination, he found
anaemicC with Hb Level. What is your provisíonal diagnosis? Write down the causative
helminths &pathogenesis. What is the lab diagnosis? (2+4+4)(2014)(Hook-Worm]
3. 26 yr. old security guard brought to the hospital with fever, headache and diarrhoea Fever
accompanied by chili &rigour and coming intermittently for last 10 days. Fever pursut tor
last 10days & pursuits for few hour and comes down with profuse sweating. Body temp
raised, B.P. 110/70. Spleern palpable at the time on examination.
A)What is your Provisional Diagnosis? Write down the causative agents & vectors. Descrioe
the laboratory diagnosis.
(1+2+1+6) (2013)
B) Describe the life cycle of the causative agent with diagram. What are the Complicatons?
(4+3) (2006,2011,2017) (Malaria)
 with diffuseswelling of left leg presents OPD, That oedema is non-piting in
patient causative agents? Howthe disease is transmited? Describe the
What are the
4 A
nalure Laboratory diagnosis. (2012) (Filariasis)
pathogenesis and
Enumeratethe
arthopod borne parasitic disease(Nov-Dec 2019) Draw a schematiG
5 describethe ife cycle of any one of them.How will you diagnose this disease in
daoramto
(helaboratory?
came to hospital OPD Complaining of heaviness in the rignt
40 yearold patient
hypochondrium.
6A CT Scan reveals a cystic mass on the under surface of the liver. What is
diagnosis? What could be the
yoUr
proviSional causative agent? Name Some possible
Complicationsthat can 0ccur in this condition. How will you confirm the diagnosis in the
laboratory? (2019) (1+1+3+5)
7A middle aged male oatient came to the OPD with history of frequent passage of stool,
and blood
mixed with mucouS
responsible for it
alWhat are the protozoa
diagnosis.
b)Discuss the labôratory
preventions
c)Write in brief about 2
(3+6+1), (2021)
& A10years old thalassemic boy with history of mutiple blood transfusion develope
iaundice with fever for last 7 days.
a) What is the most probable diagnosis.
b)What are the most probable causative agents.
c) Laboratory investigation to confirm the disease.
d) Vaccines available for prevention of this disease.
(1+2+5+2) (2021)
9 A25 year old male patient was brought to the emergency of a hospitalwith a history of
altered sensorium. Patient party gave history of high fever for last 3 days with headache and
vomiting. On examination mild hepatosplenomegaly was found.
i) What is your clinical diagnosis ?
i) Name the parasite causing this condition
n) Briefiy write about the pathogenesisof this condition laboratory?
diagnosis in the
IV) Howcan you establish the etiological the parasite?(2022)
V) What are the complications that can occur due to will diagnose a case of
infection). How
10 Name some TTI (transfusion transmitted
SUspected benign tertian malaria?(2022) spleen
OPD with fever, anemia and huge enlarged
11. Amale patient from Bihar attended skin
having blackish discoloration of the
Tor last 6 months. He is also
diagnosis and what is the vector?
) What is the most probable
this?
1) Which protozoa is respoinsible for
immunopathogenesis of the disease.
) Describe the laboratory?(2023)
the casein the Malaria
v) How will you diagnose
sample for the latboratory confirmation of B T
collect the parasite, presentin this condition (2023)
I2 jHow willyou of any oncform of
i) Discuss with labeled diagram

SHORT NOTES:
(2006,2016)
1. Larva migrants
 Extra-intestinalamoebiasis (2006)
2
3LD body (2007)
(2007,2014)(Nov-Dec 2019)
4 Oocult filanasis
5 Blackwater fever
leishmaniasis(2009,2012)
6 Post-kala-Azar dermal
7 Difference between Ancylostoma duodenale & N. americanus (2010)
8 Cysticercosis(2010.2013)
9 Hydatid cyst (2011,2015,2017)
10 NIH swab (2017)
11 Hydatid cyst (2021)
12 LD body (2021)
13. Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis(2021)
14. Diagnosis of plasmodium falciperum (2021)

DIFFERENCE
1. Cysticercus bovis &cellulose (2015)
2. Microfilariae of wuchereria and brugia (2014,2012)
3 Floatation sedimentation method of stool concentration technique
4.Cestode &nematode (2013)
5 Morphological difference between early trophozoite of vivax &falciparum (20132009
6 Cyst of E. histolytica&E. coli (2012)(Nov-Dec 2019)
7 Amastigote &promastigote (2007).
2 Definitive host &intermediate host (2006,2016)
9.T solium &T. saginata (2016)
10 E histolytica &E. coli (2017)
11. Bacteria and virus(Nov-Dec 2019)
12. Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi (2019)
13. Ring form of P. vivax andP. falciparum
14. Fertilized and unfertilized ova of ascaris Jumbricoides(2021)
15. Amastigote and promastigote form of leishmania Donovan(2021)

COMMENTS ON:
1. PK.D.L (2015) hospital
2 Extraintestinal manifestation of Entamoeba histolytica (2015)
3Role of cytokines may be important in malaria (2014)
4 Relapse is associated with B.T> malaria
(2013,2006)
5 RelapSe is not associated with each and every malaria
infection. (2012)
6 Peripheral blood exarmination at midnight is important for
diagnosis of classIcal
filariasis (2011)
7 Exannat1on of raid segment of Taenia
help in identification (2011)
8 Autoinfection canocur in
some worm infection. (2010)
9 Sangfily (2010)
10 Hypnozotes are responsible for
relapse of
1 Taena solium intection is dangerous than malaria. (2010)
12 Hookworrn Taenia saginata infection (2009)
infection can cause severe anaemia (2007)
13 By mere examinat1on of ova of Tsaginata &T solium infectionn cannot be differentiated
(2007)
 trophozoites of P.falciparum are
not found in P BS (2006)
14 The
Microfilaria can be
stained smear from P.B.S..any time of the day.
of Ascaris infestation (2017)
15
Surgical intervention may be necessary in case -Dec 2019)
16 microscopy is the most important in the protozoal dysentey( Nov-
17 Stool complication(Nov-Dec 2019)
Ascaris lumbricoides intes tation may cause surgical
than Taenia saginata (2019)
Taenia solium infection is more dangerous
dangerous than that of taenia sagol ata.(2021)
0 Infection of taenia solium is more
(2021)
21 The pathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis is multi factorial.
22 All morphological forns of P. falciparum are not usually detccted in peripheral blood
smear (2023)

VIROLOGY
LONG QUESTIONS:
1.A 40-year man with anorexia, indigestion and hematemesis, jaundice. fever on and of
associated with hepatomegaly. He had a history ofblood transfusion 6 years backwhen he
met with an accident in a private hospital in a small town. What are the etiological agents?
Write the lab diaghosis, prevention method, advice to the community and
(1+6+2+1) (Ans: Hep-B)
vaccines. (2010)
2. A 25 years old female rastless, bizarre
tbehaviour,
its leg 6 months back: Write the diagnosis. Name the révulsion drinking water, bite of dog
to
viruses,post-exposure prophylaxis and
aiming for prevention. (2007,13) (1+1+4+4),(Ansi
3. A 15 year old boy presented with mild fever, Hydrophobia)
malaise, loss of
discolouration of eyes. He has recent hístory of injury 2 months appetite.
back
yellowish
treated by injection:
and wound repair in a clinic. Write the
diagnosis, etiological agents, lab diagnosis and
prophylaxis for prevention. (2006) (1+1+5+3) (Ans: Hep-8)
4.A 40 years old truck driver presented with
history of
diarrhoea for last one month. What is the provisional fever, weakness and wasting, chronic
lab diagnosis,and prevention of the diagnosis? Wite the etiological agents.
disease in the community.
HIV) (2009,2017)(1+2+4+3) (Ans:
5. What are the
arboviruses prevalent in India? Name. the causative agent of Viral
Haemorrhagic Fever, Write the pathogenesis ot Dengue ShoCk Syndrome.
2019) (3+3+4)(Nov-Dec
6A non-immunised child presentedwith fever and loOse
motion with left sided
paralys1s. Name the clinical condition.What are the aetiological agents? Write deltoid
the la
diagnosis, vaccine against them, principie behind recent man immunisation
(2+3+3+2) (2011) (Ans Poliomyelitis) srategy in India
A38 year old woman comes to the OPD with unexplained fever, CBR
than 10% and chronic diarrhoea of morethan one month. Her husband, aweight loss of
45 year old more
driver, gave history of repeated exposure. Whatis the probable clinical truck
agen agents responsible for the condition. What methods are available for diagnos1s?
Name the
dagnosis
Condition? What fungal and parasitic infection might develop in this present with the
of the
of the disease? (2019) (1+1+5+3)
progress
 woman comes to the OPDwith unexplained fever, severe weight loss of
8 A 40 year old diarrhoeaof more than Imonth. Her husband
chronic a 48
more than 10% and unprotected sexual exDOSure year old
truck driver, gave history of repeated
clinical diagnosis ?
) What is your probable
)Name the causative agent.
for the clinical condition
)Write down the laboratory diagnosis
infections, that might develop in a patient with
Iv) What are the opportunistic the progress of
the disease
condition?(2022)
v) What is window period in respect to this clinical
hospital in a state of
9. A10 year old boy was brought to he emergency of your
restlessness
On examination it was noted that he had repetative facial movemets and repulsion to drink
bitten by a dog on the
water The mother of the boy gave a history of thê boy been left ankie
about 6 months back
)What is the clinical diagnosis?
) Name the causative agent cusing such condition, ii} Describe tha pathogenesis of the
disease.
iv) Outline the laboratory diagnosis of such a case.
Iv) Describe the post exposure proplhylaxis of this clinical condition. (2023)
10. Amulti transfused thalassemic child presents with icterus, nausea, anorexla, fever and
vomiting. Mention most likely clinical dianosis andthe possible etiological agents. How
would you approach the current laboratory diagnosis of this patient foflowing national
guidelines. (2023)
11.Which type and 'subypes of Influenza viruses are in circulation nowadays? How
influenza is diagnosed inthe lab? Enunerate the vacciñes available to prevent
infuenza.(2023)
12. What are the virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae? How Gonorrhoea in male is
diagnosed in lab?(2023)

SHORT NOTE:
1.Dengue haemorrhagic fever. (2005,2012)
2. HIV virus(2007)
3. Inclusion bodies (2009,2011.2017)
4. Post-exposure prophylaxis. (2010)
5 Differences between measles and German measles. (2010)
6.Piasmid (2011)
7 Enumerate viral, parasitic and fungal! opportunistic infections associated with HIV
infection (2012)
8 Negr1bodies (2013,2015)(Nov-Dec 2019)
9 Rotavirus (2013)
10 Prion (2014)
11 Cytopathogenic eftects (2014)
12 Seroogical marker in HBV
(2015)(Nov-Dec 2019)
13. Japanese Encephalitis (2016)
14. Pion disease (2016)
15. Oncogenic viruses
16. Inclusion Body (2019)
17 Zika virus (2019)
(2019)
 DNA vinuses (2023)
Oncogenc
18
COMMENTON
1Observationperiod of 10 days is recommended when abiting dog can be observed in
(2010)
rabies
caseof shit can cause pandemic (2011)
Antigenic
2 difers from primary infection. (2011)
Varicella zoster (2010)
Lysogenic cycle.
4 haemorrhagicfever commonly occur_ in endemic workers? (2009)
5 Dengue
infection may
result jn malignancy. (2009)
8 Viral (2007)
Some viruses are anligenic.
7 an endemic area is usually leads to complication.
Emergence of new dengue serotypes in
8
(2016) diarçhooa in child. (2016)
are very often cause
9 ViruseS causea variety of malignancy. (2015)
10 Herpes virus may
genetic alterations in bacteria. (2014)
11. Bacteriophages may cause infection. (2014)
12 Measles may caUse CNS
(2014)
13. Viruses can be cultivated,
4Inteferon has some role in the containment of viral infection. (2013)
15 Influenza viruses are Usuallyassociated with antigenicvariation. (2013)
6 Complcations of dengue viruses are immunologically mediated. (2013)
17 Epstein-barr virus has a role in a number of malignant diseases .(2012)
18 inluenzavaccine does not give long term protection against influenza. (2012)
19. Hepatitis c
20 Some viruses are oncogenic (2017)
21.Anti-rabies neural vaccines are not used now-a-days (2017)
22 Virus can cause malignancies(Nov-Dec 2019)
23. Cultivation of virus needs special technique(Nov-Dec 2019)
24. Prion cause slow viral disease (2019).
25. Cytopathic effects (CPE) help in viral diagnosis (2019)
26. HPV is an oncogenic virus.(2022)
27. Rabies can be prevented by prophylaxis.(2022)
importance. (2023)
Z8 For labdiagnosis of dengue, duration of fever has got immense

DIFFERENCES:
1.OPV &IPV (2009,2012,2017)
2 Vinon &viroids (2007)
J Antigenicshift and antigenic drift (2006)(2019)
* Neural and non-neural vaccine for rabies (2015,2013)
5 Street virus &fixed virus (2011)
OOrthomyxoviridae &paramyxoviridae (2011)
TBacteria and virus(Nov-Dec 2019)
paramyxovirus(Nov-Dec 2019)
8 Orthomyxovirus and 1)
9 Oral and inactivated polio vaccine(202
 MYCOLOGY
LONG QUESTION:
Amiddle aged man present at emergency with high tever, vomiting, neck ets
1
and convulsive episodes. He was tested to be HIV seropositive 6 month back On
examination, there was neck rigidty and kOrnig's sign.What is the Provieico
Diagnosis? What common fungal agent reSponsible for this condition? What
route of transmission? Lab diagnosis? (Cryptococcal meningitis) (2015)
susoectea.
2 Write the causative agents of UTI. How will you diagnose a case of
(2022)

SHORT NOTE:
1Eumycoticmycetoma(2008)
2 Dimorphic fungi(2007,2011)(Nov-Dec 2019)
3.SDA media (2009)
4.Mycetomo(2012)
5.Candida albicans(2013)
6. Opportunistic fungi(2014)
7. Aspergillosis (2015)
8. Macroconidia of Dermatophytes (2017)
9. Dermatophytes (2019)
10.Congenital Toxoplasnosis.(2023)
COMMENT ON:
1. Mycetoma like clinical features may be caused by bacteriaas wellas true fungi. (2015).
2. Culture is necessary for dermatophytes. (2016)
3. Difference between mucor and rhizopus.
4. KOH preparation is not sufficient enough to confirm diagnosis of specific dermatophyte
infection.
5Examination of discharging granules indicates etiological diagnosis of mycetoma. (2006)
6. SDA medium is a selective medium for fungal culture (2017)
7. Grains from discharging sinus help in identifying aents of mycetoma (2019)
8. Fungal meningitis can be diagonise rapidly (2021).
9.5 DA is said to be a selective medium for fungal growth (2021)
10.Rapid diagnosis may help in the latboratory diagnoses of fungal meningitis.(2023)
11.Cuiture is always essential for species identification of dermatophytes. (2023)
12. Atypical mycobacteria differs from typical mycobacteria in many ways.(2023)

DIFFERENCES:
1. Endothrix &Ectothrix
(2017)