Project MELC (Managing and Enhancing Learning through Contextualization)

MAYAPYAP STUDENT LEARNING GUIDE IN STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 11

National High School 2nd Semester: Quarter 2, Week 7

Lesson 1: Scatter Plot

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

M11/12SP-IVg-2 : The learner illustrates the nature of bivariate data .

M11/12SP-IVg-3: The learner constructs a scatter plot.
M11/12SP-IVg-4:The learner describes shape (form), trend (direction), and variation
(strength) of correlation based on a scatter plot.
In this set of activities, you should:
1. illustrate the nature of bivariate data,
2. construct a scatter plot; and describe shape(form), trend (direction), and
variation (strength) of correlation based on a scatter plot

WHAT YOU NEED TO REMEMBER?

Lesson 7.1 Nature of Bivariate Data

` We are getting close to ending the 2nd Quarter of the 2nd Semester, Mathlinians! Pat your
shoulders for your pride on getting to pass through until the end! A little more push to giving
your best with your learning my dear students and you’ll get it through successfully! For your
another daily dose of knowledge, let’s learn about Scatter Plot.

There are many variables in this world which are related. The amount of rainfall is related to
the amount of production of agricultural products. The grade of a students in Mathematics is related to the number of
hours spent by the student in his studies. The amount of savings is related to the amounts of expenditures.

Why do most students who are good in Mathematics also perform well in Physics? Why does blood pressure go with age?
Why do students with high IQ have good academic performances? These questions have something to do with
relationships between variables.

So far we have to analyzed data involving only a single variable – for instance, the grades of students, the weight
of grocery products, and the lengths of rods. These data are called univariate data because they involve a single variable
only. In this lesson we shall analyze data involving two variables. Data that involve two variables are called bivariate
data.

The analysis of bivariate data involves describing the relationship between two variables. The process or
procedure of describing the relationship between two variables. The process or procedure of describing the relationship
between two variables is called correlation analysis.

Describing Relationship using a Scatter Plot

The relationship between two variables can be described by constructing a scatter plot. A scatter plot is a
graphical representation of the relationship between two variables.
Example
A company with six branches provides free coffee to its employees. A manager is interested to find out if there is
a relationship between the number of cups of coffee provided and the number of employees in the office. The table below
shows the data needed. Determine if there is a relationship between the number of employees and the number of cups of
coffee.

Number of Number of Cups of

Employees (X) Coffee (Y)
11 18
13 36
15 40
18 50
21 58
24 74

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 Notice that the points on the scatter plot do not lie on the line. line. However, the points closely follow a straight
line. This is called a trend line.

The relationship between two variables is described in terms of strength and direction.

Types of Correlation according to Direction

In terms of direction, the relationship between two variables may be positive, negative or zero.

Positive correlation

A positive correlation exists if high values in one variable

are associated with high values in another variable. Similarly,
low values in one variable are associated with low values in
the other variable.

If a positive correlation exists, then the points on the scatter

plot closely follow a straight line slanting up to the right.
Negative correlation

A negative correlation exists if high values in one variable

are associated with low values in another variable. Similarly,
low values in one variable are associated with high values in
other variable.

If a negative correlation exists, then the points on the scatter

plot closely follow a straight line slanting down to the right.
Zero correlation

A xero correlation exists when high values in one variable

are associated to either high or low values in the other variable.

If a zero correlation exists, then the points on the scatter

plot are randomly scattered. The points do not follow closely a
straight line.

Types of Correlation according to Strength

A perfect correlation exists when all the points on the scatter plot lie on a straight line. When the points on the
scatter plot do not lie on a straight line, the relationship may be very high, high, moderately high, low, negligible, or zero.

The next illustration shows the different types of relationship described in terms of direction and strength.

Perfect Positive Correlation Perfect Negative Correlation

High Positive Correlation High Negative Correlation

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 Low Positive Correlation Low Negative Correlation

YOUR TASKS!

Reminder: DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING ON THIS STUDENT LEARNING GUIDE.

Write answers on a separate answer sheet.

Enrichment Activity 1: Choose the best answer to the given questions or statements. Write the letter of your choice on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Data that involve two variables are called______.
A. univariate data C. trivariate data
B. bivariate data D. multivariate data
2. Which of the following is the statistical procedure used to describe the relationship of the variables of bivariate data?
A. measures of variation C. descriptive statistics
B. correlation analysis D. measures of central tendency
3. Determine the variables involved in the given situation: Cardo surveyed for the daily allowance and the arm span of his
10 classmates and he found out that there is no correlation between the variables involved.
A. height and arm span of students C. daily allowance and height of students
B. weight and height of the student D. Daily allowance and arm span of students
4. What do you call those data that involve one variable?
A. bivariate C. trivariate
B. multivariate D. univariate

5. “A MAPEH teacher wanted to determine the students’ Body Mass Index (BMI).” What are the variables involved
needed
by the teacher?
A. weight of the students
B. height of the students
C. height and weight of the students
\
D. height and allowance of the students

Enrichment Activity 2: Univariate or Bivariate? Determine whether the following situations involve univariate or
bivariate data. (5 Points)
1. A secretary recorded the daily number of patients a doctor has for a month during the General Community Quarantine
2. A researcher observed the number of minutes it takes for students to answer a worded problem in Math and the number
of hours they spend in studying the subject for a grading period.
3. A researcher records the number of infected COVID-19 patients and the number of days they spent in the hospital
before recovering from the disease.
4. A housewife finds out that their average electric consumption during the quarantine period costs P 1,230.00.
5. A group of researchers found out that long hours spent by students in browsing the Facebook application has negative
effect on their academic grades.

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WRITTEN TASK NO. 4
Directions: Choose the best answer to the given questions or statements. Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. If the points on the scatter graph rise from left to right, then the variables involved have a ______ correlation.
A. moderate C. positive
B. negligible D. zero
2. The strength of the correlation is associated with the ______ of the points to the trend on a scatter plot.
A. closeness C. form
B. direction D. number
3. Noah noticed that the points on a scatter plot follow a trend rising from right to left. He also noticed that the points are
plotted closely around the trend line. What is the correlation of the variables involved?
A. strong negative C. weak negative
B. strong positive D. weak positive
4. What conclusion can you draw from the scatter plot below?

A. The variables have perfect correlation.

B. The variables are not related or associated.
C. The variables are moderately and negatively related.
D. The variables involved are strongly and positively related.
5. If the points on the scatter plot fall almost in line, then the variables are said to have ____ correlation.
A. negative C. positive
B. perfect D. strong
6. Joan noticed that the high value of one variable corresponds to high value of the second variable or low value of the
first corresponds to low value of second variable. What conclusion can you draw from the direction of
correlation?
A. The variables have zero correlation.
B. The variables have positive correlation.
C. The variables have negative correlation.
D. The variables have moderate correlation.
7. Which of the statements best describes the scatter plot below?

A. The variables have weak and negative linear correlation.

B. The variables have weak and positive linear correlation.
C. The variables have strong and negative linear correlation.
D. The variables have strong and positive linear correlation.
8. Sanji noticed that there is an inverse relationship between the variables he collected. What conclusion can you draw
from his data?
A. There is zero correlation between the variables.
B. There is a perfect correlation between the variables.
C. There is a positive correlation between the variables.
D. There is a negative correlation between the variables.
9. What can you say about the relationship of the variables shown on the scatter plot below?

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 A. The variables have a perfect negative correlation.
B. The variables have a perfect positive correlation.
C. The variables have a strong negative correlation.
D. The variables have a strong positive correlation.
10. If the points on the scatter plot fall almost on the trend line, rising from right to left, then the variables are said to have
_______ correlation.
A. perfect negative C. perfect positive
B. strong negative D. strong positive

WRAP-UP ACTIVITY

Fill in the blank with the correct word to make the sentence correct.

1. ___________ data involve two variables that are taken from a sample or population.
2. A ___________ shows how the points of bivariate data are scattered.
3. The line that is closed to the points is called _________.It indicates the direction -
whether positive or negative as denoted by the slope of the line.
4. In a _________ correlation, high values in one variable correspond to high values in the
other variable. In a ___________ correlation, high values in one variable correspond to
low values in the other variable.
5. . 5. In the analysis of a scatterplot, the two elements that should be considered are:
_______ and _______ of the correlation or relationship.

REFERENCES

Ocampo, Jose Jr. M. Marquez, Wilmer, G. 2016. “Statistics and Probability”. Brilliant Creations Publishing Inc. Bonanza
Plaza 2, Block 1, Lot 6, Hilltop Subdivision, Greater Lagro, Novaliches. Quezon City, Philippines. pp. 200-207.

This Student Learning Guide will be discussed during Online Consultation on the following schedule.
7th Week of 2nd Quarter
Monday & Tuesday
7:30am -9:30am
.
Visit your Official Facebook Class Group.
Search MNHS (Subject Area) (Surname of your subject teacher, School Year)
Search MNHS Statistics and Probability 11 Sarah / Florentino, SY 2021-2022

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