DIOCESAN SCHOOLS OF

ABRA

General
Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Week 1

CONTENT STANDARD
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of inverse
functions, exponential functions, and logarithmic functions.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner is able to apply the concepts of inverse functions,
exponential functions, and logarithmic functions to formulate and
solve real-life problems with
precision and accuracy.

_____________________________________________
Name of Student

PRECIOUS PEARL ROSARY P. RAGUNTON

Name of Teacher
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 “Place your answer in a separate sheet of paper.”

Exponential Functions
Competency:
 Solves exponential equations and inequalities.

I. EXPLORE:

Let’s start the module by answering the given items below.

Directions: Identify what property of exponent will be applied in each item. Write
your answer in the space provided.

( 4 m4 ) ( 8 m2 )
[( ) ] ( )
1. 3 2 2 3
1 4a
2. 3. 4
2 5b

II. FIRM UP:

 Your goal in this section is to learn and understand key concepts of

exponential functions. You will learn the important skills that are
necessary in order to understand the succeeding lessons in this module. It
is advised that for every new term that you encounter, be sure to define in
your own words aside from the definitions presented to you.

You will start by studying the lesson.

Your knowledge on the different laws of exponents is very useful in solving

exponential equations. Recall that for any positive numbers, a and b, the following
rules hold for all real numbers x and y:

Product rules: ax ● ay = ax + y

ax ● by = (ab)x

Quotient rules: x
a
y
= a x− y
a

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 ()
x x
a a
= x
b b
Power rule: y
(ax ) = axy

Zero rule: ao = 1

Negative exponent rule: 1

a-x = x
a

The property of equality for exponential equations is also

used when solving exponential equations.
Study the examples below and consider how the laws of exponents are applied.
Example 1.
Solve 42n = 8
Note: To solve the given equation, express both sides of the equation in
exponential form using the same base. Then, solve for n using the properties stated
above. Thus, we have:
Solution:
42n = 8
Note that the bases are not the same. But we can rewrite 8 and 4 as a base of 2
22(2n) = 23
2(2n) = 3 copy the exponents
4n = 3 operate
4n = 3 divide both sides by 4
4 4
3
n= final answer
4

3
You can verify that n= is a solution by substituting it back to the original
4
equation.

checking:
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 42n = 8 copy the given

42()
3
4
=8 substitute the value of the variable or the answer.
6
44= 8 operate
3
4 2= 8 simplify rational exponent

√4 = 8
2 3
4●4●4 = 64
√2 64 = 8 extract the root
3
8=8 both sides of the equation are equal, therefore n= is a solution
4
of the equality.

Example 2. Solve: 3x + 1 = 243

Solution:
3x + 1 = 243 copy the given
x+1 5
3 =3 Transform into exponential form. (make the bases on
both sides of the equation equal)
x+1=5 copy the exponents
x + 1 + (-1) = 5 + (-1) isolate the variable
x=4 final answer

checking:
3x + 1 = 243 copy the given
3(4) + 1 = 243 substitute the value of the variable or the answer
5
3 = 243 3●3●3●3●3 = 243
243 = 243 both sides of the equation are equal, therefore 4 is a solution of
the equality.

Example 3: Solve 4 x+3 <8 x++1

Solution:
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 x+3 x++1
4 <8
2 x +6 3( x+1)
2 <2 Expressing each term as an exponential expression with
base 2
2 x +6 3 x+3
2 <2 Power rule
2 x+ 6<3 x+ 3 Property or equality for exponential equations
2x – 3x ¿ 3 – 6 Combining like terms
-x ¿ -3
x>3

Verify if the resulting inequality is true for the given inequality by assigning the
value of x. therefore, the solution of the given inequality is ( 3, +∞ ).
Checking:
Note: in checking if the answer is correct in exponential inequality, change the
inequality symbol with equal sign.
x+3 x+1
4 <8
3+ 3 3 +1
4 =8
6 4
4 =8
2 (6 ) 3 (4 )
2 =2
12 12
2 =2
TRUE

both sides of the equations are equal, therefore all real numbers greater than 3 are
the solutions of the inequality.

Example 4: 3 x+1 > 243

Solution:
x+1
3 > 243
x+1
3 > 35 Expressing each term as an exponential expression with base 3
x +1 > 5 copy the exponents
x > 5-1 combine like terms
x>4
Checking:
4+1
3 = 243
5
3 = 243
243 = 243
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 TRUE

Graphs and Properties of

exponential Functions
Competencies:
 Represents an exponential function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph,
and (c) equation.
 Finds the domain and range of an exponential function.
 Determines the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of an exponential function.

An exponential function can be represented through its table of values. These

values are derived from its equivalent equation are basis in sketching its graph.

Example 1: Construct a table of values for the exponential function f ( x )=2x−4

Solution:
Evaluate the given function. Assign numbers in x coordinate and find f(x)/. In the
given example, the values of x coordinate are already given.

x 1 2 3 4 5

f (x)
Find the values of f(x) if:
a. x = 1
x−4
f ( x )=2
1−4
¿2 substitute the given value
= 2−3 operate
1
= 3 simplifying negative exponents
2
1
= final answer
8
b. x=2

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 f ( x )=2x−4
2−4
¿2 substitute the given value
= 2−2 operate
1
= 2 simplifying negative exponents
2
1
= final answer
4
c. x=3
x−4
f ( x )=2
3−4
¿2 substitute the given value
=2−1 operate
1
= 1 simplify
2
1
= final answer
2
d. x=4
f ( x )=2x−4
4 −4
¿2 substitute the given value
=20 zero exponents
=1 final answer
e. x=5
x−4
f ( x )=2
5−4
¿2 substitute the given value
=21 simplify
= 2 final answer
Put the values in the table:
x 1 2 3 4 5

f (x) 1 1 1
1 2
8 4 2
The graph of exponential functions the primary tool used in describing its behavior
and characteristics.
Remember these important concepts related to the graphs of functions:

 Domain is the set of first coordinates in the ordered pairs of a function.

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 Range is the set of the second coordinates in the ordered pairs of a function.
 The y-intercept is the point of intersection of the graph of the function and the
y-axis. On the y-axis, x = 0.
 The x-intercept is the point of intersection of the graph of the function and the
x-axis. On the x-axis, f(x) = 0.
 Asymptotes are lines that the graph of a d=function approaches but never
touches.

Example 2: Sketch the graph of f(x) = 2x

Solution:
Construct a table of x and f(x) values for the given function.

x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

f (x) 1 1 1 1
1 2 4 8 16
16 8 4 2

The graph is shown below.

The graph exhibits the following properties of f(x) = 2x

 The domain of f(x) is { x|x ∈ R }
 The range of f(x) is { f (x)|f ( x )> 0 }
 The y-intercept is ( 0,1).
 The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis; the asymptote is y = 0.
 The function f(x) will never touch the x-axis. There is no x-intercept.
 As x increases, f (x) increases exponentially.
 As x decreases, f(x) decreases exponentially, would get closer and closer to 0,
but will never be equal to 0.

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These properties that hold for f(x) = 2x also hold for other functions of the form
f(x) = ax , where a > 1.
The effect of the factor a is shown in the graph below.

f(x)= 3x
f(x)= 2x
f(x)= 4x

Note that as the value of a

increases, the part of the
graph on the right side of the y -
axis gets closer to it, while
the part of the graph on the
left side of the y – axis gets
closer and closer to the x-
axis. The intersection of the
family of curves f(x) = ax, a > 1
is ( 0, 1).

Zero of Exponential Function

The zero of an exponential function f(x) is the value of the independent
variable x that makes f(x) equals 0. Graphically, it is the abscissa of the point on the
exponential function f(x) whose ordinate is 0.
Example 4: Find the zero of each exponential function.
a. y = 2x
Solution:
To find the zero of the function y, equate y to 0 and solve for x.

a. y = 2x
2x = 0

The function y = 2x has no zero since no real value of x will make 2x

= 0 a true statement. Graphically, y =2x is asymptotic to the x-axis.

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 y = 2x

a. y = 32x -1
32x -1 = 0
32x = 1
32x = 30
2x = 0
2x = 0
2 2
x=0

The zero of the function y is 0. This implies that if x =0, y =o, the graph crosses
the x-axis at ( 0, 0 ).

y= 32x-1

III. DEEPEN
Now that you have learned how to solve exponential equations and inequalities, your
goal in this section is to solve on your own with precision and accuracy.
In a short bond paper , answer the following:
A. Solve the following exponential equations. Show the checking part.
x−3
1. 8 =512
x−1 2 x−4
2. 27 = 81
3. 2 x+4
= 4 4 −x
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B. Complete the table of values below by evaluating the functions using the
given values of x coordinate. No need to show your solution.

1. y =22 x +1
1 2 3 4 5

2. y = 1+3 x

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 1 2 3 4

C. Find the zeroes of each function.

1. g(x)= 3 x+2 – 27 2. f(x)= 22 x−1

IV. Transfer:

Your goal in this section is to apply your learning to real life situations by doing
the given activity.

Poster Making:
Inequality is one of the factors of some big issues or problems that we are
encountering. Cite one problem that involve inequality and suggest a way to stop it
through poster.
Your work will be graded using the rubric below:

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References:
Textbooks
Orines, Fernando B., Next Century
Mathematics ( General Mathematics)
. Phoenix Publishing House: Quezon
City

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