CHAPTER: MATRICES

ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed

by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the
following choices.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct explanation
of (A).
(c) (A) is true and (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

1. xy 4 4 w
Assertion(A) : If [ ] =[ ], then x=2, y =2, z = -5,
z+5 x+y 0 4
and w = 4.

Reason(R) : Two matrices are equal if their orders are same and
their corresponding elements are equal.

2. Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.

Assertion(A) : A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices.

Reason(R) : AB is symmetric matrix, if matrix multiplication of A

with B is commutative.

3. 2 3
2 3 −1
Assertion(A) : If A = [ ] and B = [4 5], then AB and
1 4 2
2 1
BA both are defined.

Reason(R) : For two matrices A and B , the product AB is defined ,

if the number of columns in A is equal to the umber
of rows in B.

4. 1 0 0
Assertion(A) : Matrix [0 3 0] is a diagonal matrix.
0 0 4

Reason(R) : Identity matrix of order 3 is a diagonal matrix.

pg. 27
5. Assertion(A) : For any square matrix B with real number entries ,
B +B T is skew symmetric matrix and B - B T is
symmetric matrix .

Reason(R) : A square matrix B can be expressed as the sum of

symmetric and skew symmetric matrix.

6. Assertion(A) : If A is a skew- symmetric matrix, then A2 is a

symmetric matrix.

Reason(R) : If A is a skew- symmetric matrix, then AT = -A

7. Let A(θ) = [
cosθ sinθ
]
−sinθ cosθ

π 3
Assertion(A) :(A( )) = -I, I is identity matrix.
3

Reason(R) : A(𝜃1 ). A(θ2 ) = A(𝜃1 + 𝜃2 )

8. Let A,B and C be three square matrices of the same order.

Assertion(A) : If AB = O, then A = O or B = O.

Reason(R) : A+B = A+C → B = C.

0 1 −2
9. Assertion(A) : If A = [−1 0 3 ], is a skew- symmetric
x −3 0
matrix
then x = 2

Reason(R) : For a skew- symmetric matrix, aij = 0 for I = j .

10.
−7 0 0
Assertion(A) : [ 0 −7 0 ] is a scalar matrix.
0 0 −7

Reason(R) : All the elements of the principal diagonal are equal,

it
is called a scalar matrix.

pg. 28
11. 2 x−3 x−2
Assertion(A) : A = [3 −2 −1 ] is a symmetric matrix.
4 −1 −5

Then x = 6

Reason(R) : If A is a symmetric matrix, then AT = A.

12. 2 −2 0
2
Assertion(A) : A =[ ] and B =[ 6 ] then
6 4 −2
10
T
(AB) = [−8 16]

Reason(R) : AB = [−8 21]

13. Assertion(A) : If the matrix A is both symmetric and

skew- symmetric matrix, then A is a zero matrix.

Reason(R) : AT = A and AT = -A

14. Assertion(A) : If A is a matrix of order m× n, and BAT , AT B both

are
defined , then B is m × n.

Reason(R) : The product AB is defined , then number of

columns
of A is same as number of rows of B.

15. Let A and B are symmetric matrices of same order

Assertion(A) : AB –BA is skew- symmetric

Reason(R) : AB +BA is symmetric

16. 0 −5 7
Assertion(A) : If [ 5 2k − 2 4]is a skew- symmetric matrix
−7 −4 0
then k =1

Reason(R) : In askew symmetric matrix all the principal

diagonal elements are zero.

17. Let A and B are square matrices of order 2 x 2 and 2 x 3 respectively

, then
Assertion(A) : AB exists but BA does not exists

pg. 29
 Reason(R) : If X and Y are matrices then XY exists only if
number of columns of X and number of rows of Y are the same
18. x + y −2 2 −2
If [ ]=[ ] then
0 y 0 3

Assertion(A) : x= -1 and y =3

Reason(R) : Any two matrices can be compared

19. If A is a square matrix ,then

Assertion(A) : A + A1 is symmetric

Reason(R) : A square matrix X is said to be symmetric if X1 = X

20. 0 −1 −2
Assertion(A) : The matrix A = [1 0 −3] is a
2 3 0
skew -symmetric

Reason(R) : A square matrix is skew-symmetric if its principal

diagonal elements are zeros

21. 3 −2
Assertion(A) : The square matrix [ ] ,can be expressed as
4 5
3 1
the sum of a symmetric matrix [ ]and a skew symmetric
1 5
0 −3
matrix[ ]
3 0
A+A1
Reason(R): For every square matrix A, is symmetric and
2
A−A1
is skew - symmetric
2

22. If a matrix has 12 elements then

Assertion(A) : The number of possible dimensions of the matrix is 6

Reason(R): If a matrix has a total of m elements then the

possible factorizations of m will be the possible dimensions of
the matrix .

23. Let A be a square matrix of order 2 x 2 ,then

pg. 30
 Assertion(A) : The number of possible matrices A with its each
entry either 0 or 1 is 16.

Reason(R): If an operation can be performed in m ways following

which another operation can be performed in n ways
then the two operations can be performed successively
in m x n ways

24. 1 −2
Let A = [ ]
−3 1

Assertion(A) : A-1 does not exists

Reason(R): For a square matrix A , A-1 exist if IAI ≠ 0

25. 1 2 3
Assertion(A) : A = [4 −2 1] is invertible
0 2 3

Reason(R): A is a square matrix and IAI = -8

ANSWERS

1. w = 4, z +5 = 0, z = -5, xy =4 and x +y =4 , so x =2 , y =2 . First

statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is the correct
explanation of A
Option (a)

2. {𝐴(𝐵𝐴)}𝑇 = (𝐵𝐴)𝑇. 𝐴𝑇 = (𝐴𝑇 𝐵𝑇) 𝐴𝑇 = (AB)A= A(BA)

[(𝐴𝐵)𝐴]𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = A(𝐵𝑇 𝐴𝑇 )= A (BA) = (AB)A . First
statement is correct. (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 =𝐵𝑇 𝐴𝑇 = BA = AB , Second statement
is correct and it is not the correct explanation of A
Option (b)

3. A = 2 × 3, B = 3 × 2 , AB is 2 × 2, B = 3 × 2 , A = 2 × 3, BA =
3 × 3 First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is
the correct explanation of A
Option (a)

4. First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is not

the correct explanation of A
Option (b)

pg. 31
5. First statement is not correct. Second statement is correct
Option (d)

6. First statement is correct. Second statement is correct .

A = -𝐴𝑇 , Squaring, 𝐴2 = (−𝐴𝑇 )2 = (𝐴𝑇 )2 = (𝐴2 )𝑇 ⇒ 𝐴2 is
symmetric matrix.

So Second statement is correct and it is the correct explanation of

A
Option (a)

7. Second statement is correct . A(𝜃1). 𝐴(𝜃2) =

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2
[ ]X[ ]=
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2
cos(𝜃1 + 𝜃2) sin(𝜃1 + 𝜃2)
[ ]
−sin(𝜃1 + 𝜃2) cos(𝜃1 + 𝜃2)
= A(𝜃1 + 𝜃2), Second statement is correct .

𝜋 3 𝜋
A(2𝜃) = 𝐴(𝜃). 𝐴(𝜃) = (𝐴(𝜃))2 . So [𝐴( )] = A[3 × ]= A(𝜋)=
3 3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋 −1 0
[ ]=[ ]= -I, So Second statement is correct
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 0 −1
and it is the correct explanation of A

Option (a)

8. 1 0 0 0
If A =[ ] ≠ 𝑂, B=[ ] ≠ 𝑂, But AB = O First statement is
0 0 0 2
not correct.

A+B = A+C, -A+(A+B) = -A+ (A+C)= (-A+A) +B = (-A+A) +C =

O+B=O+C⇒ 𝐵 = 𝐶. Second statement is correct .

Option (d)

9. For a skew- symmetric matrix, 𝑎𝑖𝑗 =−𝑎𝑗𝑖 , for all i and j, so x = 2.

First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is not
the correct explanation of A

Option (b)

10. First statement is correct. Second statement is not correct

Option (c)

pg. 32
11. First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is the
correct explanation of A
Option (a)

12. −8
AB= [ ] , (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = [−8 16]
16
First statement is correct. Second statement is not correct

Option (c)

13. 𝐴𝑇 = A and𝐴𝑇 = -A ⇒ A = -A , 2A = O , A=O ,

𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥.
First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is the
correct explanation of A

Option (a)

14. A is m × 𝑛.𝐴𝑇 is n × 𝑚. 𝐵𝐴𝑇 is defined , then B must have n

columns.
𝐴𝑇 B is defined , so then B must have m rows.
First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is the
correct explanation of A

Option (a)

15. (𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴)𝑇 = -(AB-BA), : So AB –BA is skew- symmetric

Also, (𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴)𝑡 = AB +BA , So AB +BA is symmetric.
First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is not
the correct explanation of A

Option (b)

16. Because in a skew symmetric matrix aii =o ,for all I, Therefore 2k-
2=0
⇒ k=1

Option (a)

17. First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is the

correct explanation of A
Option (a)
18. Because matrices of the same order only can be compared

Option (c)

pg. 33
19. First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is the
correct explanation of A

Option (a)
20. Clearly A1 = -A , therefore A is skew symmetric ,A is true and R is
false

Option (c)

21. 𝐴+𝐴1 𝐴−𝐴1

Because , A = +
2 2

Option (a)

22. First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is the

correct explanation of A

Option (a)

23. First statement is correct. Second statement is correct and it is the

correct explanation of A

Option (a)

24. Here IAI = -5 ≠ 0, Therefore A-1exists.So, A is false but R is true

Option (d)

25. IAI = -8 .Therefore R is true. Also IAI = -8 ≠ 0. Therefore A is

invertible so A is true. But IAI = -8 is not the reason for A to be
invertible .The reason is that IAI = -8 ≠ 0 .

Option (b)

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

1. Three students Ram, Mohan and Ankit go to a shop to buy

stationary. Ram purchases 2 dozen note books, 1 dozen pens and 4
pencils. Mohan purchases 1 dozen note book , 6 pens and 8 pencils.
Ankit purchases 6 note books , 4 pens and 6 pencils. A note book
costs ₹ 15, a pen costs ₹4.50 and a pencil costs ₹ 1.50.
Let A and B be the matrices representing the number of items
purchased by the three students and the prices of items respectively.
Based on the above information answer the following questions.

pg. 34
 (i) What is the order of the matrix B representing the prices
of the items
(ii) What is the order of the matrix A representing items
purchased by the three students

(iii) What is the order of the matrix AB.

OR
Find the total amount of bill by all the three students.

2. Three schools DPS, CVC and NVS decided to organize a fair for
collecting money for helping the food victims. They sold handmade
fans , mats and plates from recycled material at a cost of ₹ 25, ₹ 100,
and ₹50 each respectively. The number of articles sold are given
below:

School/Article DPS CVC NVS

Handmade fans 40 25 35
Mats 50 40 50
Plates 20 30 40
Based on the above information answer the following questions.

(i) What is the total money collected by all the three schools.
(ii) If the number of handmade fans and plates are
interchanged for all the schools, then what is the total
money collected by all the three schools.
3. On her birthday ,Seema decided to donate some money to children
of an orphanage home. If there were 8 children less , everyone
would have got ₹10 more. However if there were 16 children more ,
everyone would have got ₹10 less. Let the number of children be x
and the amount distributed by Seema for one child be ₹ y.
(i) Write the matrix equation to represent the information
given above.
(ii) Find the number of children who were given some money
by Seema.
(iii) How much amount is given to each child by Seema.
OR
How much amount Seema spends in distributing the
money
to all the children of Orphanage.

pg. 35
4. Gautam buys 5 pens , 3 bags and 1 Instrument box and pays a sum
of ₹160 . From the same shop Vikram buys 2 pens , 1 bag and 3
Instrument boxes and pays a sum of ₹190.
Ankur buys 1 pen , 2 bags and 4 Instrument boxes and pays a sum
of ₹ 250
Based on the above information answer the following questions.
(i) Write the matrix equation to represent the information given
above.
(ii) Find P = 𝐴2 -5A

5. Two farmers Ramakrishnan and Charan Singh cultivate only three

varieties of rice namely Basmati, Permal, and Naura. The sale in Rs
of these varieties of rice by both the farmers in the month of
September and October are given in the following matrices A and B.

10000 20000 30000

A= [ ]
50000 30000 10000
5000 10000 6000
B=[ ]
20000 10000 10000

(i) How the total sales in of September and October for each
farmer in each variety can be represented in form of matrix.
(ii) How the decrease in sales from September to October can be
represented in form of matrix.
(iii) If Ramakrishnanreceives 2% profit on gross sales, compute
his
profit for each variety sold in October.
OR
If Charansingh receives 2% profit on gross sales, compute
his
profit for each variety sold in September

6. To promote the making of toilets for women, an organisation tried to

generate awareness through (i)house calls (ii) emails and (iii)
announcements .

The cost for each mode per attempt is given below

(i) ₹ 50 (ii) ₹ 20 (iii) ₹40
The number of attempts made in the villages X,Y and Z are given
below
(i) (ii) (iii)
X 400 300 100
Y 300 250 75
Z 500 400 150
pg. 36
 Also the chance of making of toilets corresponding to one attempts
of given modes is
(i) 2% (ii) 4% (iii) 20%

Based on the above information answer the following questions :

(i) What is the cost incurred by the organization on village X

(ii) What is the cost incurred by the village Y
(iii) What is the cost incurred by the village Z

OR

What is the total number of toilets that can be expected after

the promotion in village X

7. A trust fund has ₹ 35000 that must be invested in two different

types of bonds say X and Y .The first bond pays 10% interest per
annum ,which will be given to an old age home and second one pays
8% interest per annum which will be given to women welfare
association .Let A be a 1 x 2 and B be a 2 x 1 matrix representing
the investment and interest rate on each bond respectively.

Based on the above information answer the following questions

(i) What is the total amount of interest received on both bonds

if ₹15000 is invested in bond X .

(ii) What is the amount of investment in bond Y if the amount of

interest given to old age home is ₹500.

8. A manufacturer produces three stationary products Pencil, Eraser,

and Sharpener which he sells in two markets. Annual sales are
indicated below:

Products in numbers given below in the table

Market Pencil Eraser Sharpener

A 10,000 2,000 18,000

B 6,000 20,000 8,000

pg. 37
 If the unit sale price of Pencil, Eraser, and Sharpener are₹2.50,
₹1.50 and₹1.00 respectively .

(i) Write the matrix equation to represent the information given

above.
(ii) Find the total revenue of market A and B

Amit, Biraj and Chirag were given the task of creating square matrix
9. of order 2. Below are the matrices created by them namely A , B and
C respectively.
1 2 4 0 2 0
A=[ ] ,B=[ ] ,C=[ ]
−1 3 1 5 1 −2
(i) Find A +B+C
(ii) Evaluate (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇
(iii) Find AC – BC

OR

Find the matrix (a+b) B , a = 4, b = -2

10. A manufacturer produces three stationary products Pencil, Eraser,

and Sharpener which he sells in two markets. Annual sales are
indicated below:

Products in numbers given below in the table

Market Pencil Eraser Sharpener

A 10,000 2,000 18,000

B 6,000 20,000 8,000

If the unit cost of the above three commodities are ₹2.00, ₹1.00 and
₹0.50 respectively and If the unit sale price of Pencil, Eraser, and
Sharpener are₹2.50, ₹1.50 and₹1.00 respectively .

(i) Find the cost incurred in Market A and B.

(ii) Find the profit in Market A and B.

pg. 38
 ANSWERS

1. 15 24 12 4
B = [4.5], A = [12 6 8]
1.3 6 4 6

(i) 3x1 (ii) 3x3 (iii) 3x1 or ₹ 756.

2. 40 25 35
(i) M = [25 100 50], A = [50 40 50], MA=
20 30 40
[7000 6125 7875]

Total money collected by all the three schools.= ₹ 21000

20 30 40
(ii)B = [50 40 50], MB = [7500 6000 7750]
40 25 35
Total money collected by all the three schools.=₹ 21250.

3. (x-8) (y+10) = xy,→ 5x-4y = 40

(x+16)(y-10) = xy ), → 5x-8y = -80
5 −4 𝑥 40
(i)[ ] [𝑦 ] = [ ] (ii) 32 (iii) Rs. 30 Or ₹ 960
5 −8 −80
4. 5 3 1 𝑥 160
(i) [2 1 3] [𝑦] = [190]
1 2 4 𝑧 250

32 20 18 25 15 5 7 5 13
2
(ii) 𝐴 − 5𝐴 = [15 13 17] − [10 5 15] = [5 8 2 ]
13 13 23 5 10 20 8 3 3

5. 15000 30000 36000

(i) A +B = [ ]
70000 40000 20000

5000 10000 24000

(ii) A-B =[ ]
30000 20000 0
(iii) In October Profit of ₹100, ₹200, ₹120 received by
Ramakrishnan in the sale of each variety of rice.
6. Let ₹A , ₹ B and ₹ C be the cost incurred by the organisations for
villages X , Y ,Z respectively. Then A,B,C will be given by the
400 300 100 50 𝐴
matrix equation [300 250 75 ] [20] = [𝐵]
500 400 150 40 𝐶

pg. 39
 𝐴 30000
Hence [𝐵] =[23000]
𝐶 39000
(i) 30000
(ii) 23000
(iii) 39000
OR

The total number of toilets that can be expected in each village is

given by the following matrix equation
400 300 100 2/100 𝐴
[300 250 75 ] [ 4/100 ] = [𝐵]
500 400 150 20/100 𝐶

Therefore X = 40 , Y= 31 Z =56
Therefore X = 40

7. If ₹ 15000 is invested in bond X then amount invested in bond

Y = 35000-15000 = 20000
10% 0.1
Let A = investment = [15000 20000] and B = [ ] =[ ]
8% 0.08
The amount of interest received on both bonds is given by
0.1
AB = [15000 20000][ ] = [3100 ]
0.08
Therefor(i) Total amount = ₹3100
Let ₹x is invested in bond X then we have x x 10/100 = 500
Therefore X = ₹5000 Therefore amount invested in bond
Y = 35000-5000 =30000
Ans: (ii) ₹30000
8. 2.50
10000 2000 18000 46000
(i)[ ] [1.50] = [ ]
6000 20000 8000 53000
1.00
2.50
(Ii)Revenue of Market A = [10000 2000 18000] [1.50]=
1.00
₹46000

pg. 40
 2.50
Revenue of Market B = [6000 20000 8000] [1.50]= ₹53000
1.00
Total revenue of market A and B = ₹ 99000
9. 1 2 4 0 2 0 7 2
(i) A+B+C = [ ] +[ ] + [ ]=[ ]
−1 3 1 5 1 −2 1 6
1 −1 1 2
(ii) 𝐴𝑇 = [ ] , (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = [ ] =A
2 3 −1 3
(iii) AC – BC
1 2 2 0 4 0 2 0
=[ ][ ] − [ ][ ]
−1 3 1 −2 1 5 1 −2
4 −4 8 0 −4 −4
=[ ]-[ ]=[ ]
1 −6 7 −10 −6 4

OR
4 0 4 0 8 0
(a+b) B = (4-2)[ ]=2 [ ]=[ ]
1 5 1 5 2 10
10. 2.00
(i) Cost incurred in Market A = [10000 2000 18000] [1.00]
0.50
= ₹31000
2.00
Cost incurred in Market B =[6000 20000 8000] [1.00]
0.50
=₹36000
2.50
(ii)Revenue of Market A = [10000 2000 18000] [1.50]=
1.00
₹46000
2.50
Revenue of Market B = [6000 20000 8000] [1.50]= ₹53000
1.00
Profit in market A =₹46000 - ₹31000= ₹15000

Profit in market B =₹53000-₹36000=₹17000

pg. 41
 CHAPTER : DETERMINANTS

ASSERTION-REASON QUESTIONS
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following
choices.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of
(A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
1 𝛼 3
Assertion (A):If A= [ ] and |𝐴|3 = -125, then α = ±2
3 𝛼
𝑎11 𝑎12
Reason (R ) :Determinant of a square matrix A= [𝑎 𝑎 ] is given
21 22
as 𝑎22 − 𝑎12 𝑎21

2 Assertion (A): If A is a square matrix of order 3x3, then |3A|= 27|A|

Reason (R ) : If A is a square matrix of order n, then |kA| = 𝑘 𝑛 |A|

3 Assertion (A): The minor of the element of second row and third
2 −3 5
column in the determinant |6 0 4| is 13
1 5 7

Reason (R ) : The positive value of x, which makes the given pair of

2𝑥 3 16 3
determinants | | and | | equal is 4.
5 𝑥 5 2

4 3 10 7 −10
Assertion (A): If A= [ ] then 𝐴−1 = [ ]
2 7 −2 3

Reason (R ): Determinant is a number associated to a matrix.

5 Assertion (A ): A square matrix A has inverse, if and only if A is

singular.
Reason (R ): Let A be a square matrix of order 2x2, then the value of
|kA| is equal to 𝑘 2 |A|.
6 Assertion (A ): If A is an invertible matrix of order 3x3, then |𝐴−1 | =|A|.
Reason (R ) : If A is a 3x3 invertible matrix such that |𝐴−1 |= |𝐴|𝑘 , then
the value of k is -1

pg. 42
7 3 0 0
Assertion (A ): If A = [0 5 0], then |A| = 105
0 0 7

Reason (R ) : The determinant of a diagonal matrix is equal to the

product of the diagonal elements

8 Assertion (A ): Determinant of a skew symmetric matrix of order 3 is

zero.
Reason (R ) : For any matrix A, |A|= |𝐴𝑇 | and |-A| = -|A|

9 Assertion (A ):If A and B are square matrices of the same order 3 such
1
that 2AB=I and |B| = , then |A| =3
24

Reason (R ) :If A and B are square matrices of the same order n and k
is a scalar, then |kA| =(𝑘)𝑛 |A| and |AB|= |A| |B|

10 1 2 0
Assertion (A ): The matrix A= [ 0 1 2] is singular for x=5
−1 2 𝑥
Reason (R ): A square matrix A is singular if |A|=0

11 Assertion (A ):If A is a square matrix of order3 such that |A|=5,then

|adj A|= 25

Reason (R ): If A is a non-singular matrix of order n, then

|adj A|= |𝐴|𝑛−1

12 Assertion (A ):If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that |A|=4, then

|adj(adjA)|=44

Reason (R ): If A is a non-singular square matrix of order n, then

2
|adj(adjA)|= |𝐴|(𝑛−1)

13 Assertion: If A is invertible matrix, then AT is invertible

Reason: Inverse of invertible symmetric matrix is invertible
symmetric matrix

14 Assertion: If A and B are square matrices of order 2 such that 3AB = I

1
and det(A) = 9, then det(B) =
81

pg. 43
 Reason: If A and B are square matrices of order n and k is a scalar, then
det(kA) = kndet(A) and det(AB) = det(A).det(B)

15 𝑥 2 6 2
Assertion: If | |= | | 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = ±6
18 𝑥 18 6
Reason: If A is a symmetric matrix, then AT = A

16 Assertion: If A is a square matrix of order 3, det AT = -5, then

det A = -5
Reason: det A = det AT

17 Assertion: If A is a square matrix such that A(adjA) = 4I, then det A = 2

Reason: A(adjA) =|𝐴|I

18 Assertion: If A is a 3x3 non-singular square matrix, then

|𝐴−1 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = |𝐴|
Reason: If A and b are invertible matrices such that B is inverse of A,
then AB = BA = I

19 Let A and B are two square matrices of order 2

Assertion: A (adjA) = (detA) I
Reason: adj(AB) = (adjA)(adjB)

20 𝑎 𝑏
Assertion: Let 𝐴 = ( ) where a, b, c, d are distinct prime numbers
𝑐 𝑑
less than 20, then maximum value of det A is 317

Reason: Prime numbers less than 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 and 19

21 Assertion: The system of linear equations 5x + ky = 5 and 3x + 3y = 5

has a unique solution for k ≠ 5

Reason: The system of linear equations 5x + ky = 5 , 3x + 3y = 5 is

inconsistent for k = 5

22 Assertion: If A is a non singular matrix of order 2x2 such that

A2 – 5A + 7I = O, then A-1 = 1/7(5I - A)

Reason: For any two matrices A and B, (AB)-1 = A-1B-1

pg. 44
23 Assertion: If A is square matrix of order 2 such that (detA)A-1 =
1 2 4 −2
( ), then adjA = ( )
3 4 −3 1
1
Reason: 𝐴−1 = |𝐴|
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴

24 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Assertion: Range of the function f(x) = | | 𝑖𝑠 [1, 7]
3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Reason: -1≤ sinx ≤ 1

25 2 1 + 2𝑖
Assertion: If A = [ ]then det A is real a number
1 − 2𝑖 2

Reason: If A = (aij)2x2 , where aij being complex numbers, then det A

is always real.

SOLUTIONS
1 Answer: a

𝛼 3
|A| = | | =𝛼 2 -9
3 𝛼
|𝐴|3 = -125
(𝛼 2 − 9)3 = -125 = (−5)3
(𝛼 2 − 9) = −5
𝛼2= 4
α = ±2
Therefore assertion (A) is true
Reason (R ) is clearly true which is the definition of determinant and is the
Correct explanation of (A ).
Therefore ,Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
Hence Option (a) is the corerct answer.

2 Answer: a

|3A| = 33 |A|
=27 |A|
Therefore assertion (A) is true
Reason ( R ) is clearly true which is a standard result of determinant and is
the
pg. 45
 correct explanation of (A ).
Therefore, Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
Hence Option (a) is the correct answer.

3 Answer: b

2 −3
Minor of 𝑎23 = | | = 13
1 5
Therefore Assertion (A ) is true
For reason ,
2𝑥 3 16 3
| | =| |
5 𝑥 5 2
2𝑥 2 -15 =32-15
𝑥 2 = 16
𝑥 = ±4
x= 4
Therefore Reason (R ) is true, but not the corret explanation.
So, Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Hence Option (b) is the correct answer.

4 Answer: c

1
𝐴−1 = adj A
|𝐴|
17 −10
= [ ]
1 −2 3
7 −10
=[ ]
−2 3
Therefore assertion (A) is true.
Also as determinant is associated to a square matrix, Reason is wrong.
Therefore, (A) is true but (R) is false
Hence Option (c) is the correct answer

5 Answer: d

A square matrix A has inverse, if and only if A is non- singular

ie. |A| ≠ 0
So Assertion is false.
For reason ,
|kA| = 𝑘 𝑛 |A|
= 𝑘 2 |A|
So reason is true.
pg. 46
 Therefore (A) is false but (R) is true.
Hence Option (d) is the correct answer.

6 Answer: d

1
|𝐴−1 | = , So assertion is false
|𝐴|
For reason |𝐴−1 |= |𝐴|𝑘
1
= |𝐴|𝑘
|𝐴|
|𝐴|𝑘+1 =1
𝑘+1=0
K= -1
So reason is true.
Therefore (A) is false but (R) is true.
Hence Option (d) is the correct answer

7 Answer: a

|A| = 3x35= 105.So assertion is true.

Reason statement is also true.
Therefore Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
Hence Option (a) is the correct answer

8 Answer: c

Let A be a skew symmetric matrix of order 3,

𝐴𝑇 = -A
| 𝐴𝑇 |=| -A|
|A| = (−1)3 |A|
|A| =-|A|
2|A| = 0
|A| = 0
So assertion is true.
For reason, |A|= |𝐴𝑇 |is true but |-A|= (−1)𝑛 |A|,so reason is
false.

Therefore (A) is true but (R) is false.

Hence Option (c) is the correct answer

9 Answer: a
pg. 47
 Reason are standard properties of determinants, so reason is true
For Assertion, 2AB=I
|2AB|=|I |
3
(2) |AB|=1
8|A||B|=1
1
8|A| =1
24
|A|=3
So assertion is true.
Therefore Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
explanation of (A).
Hence Option (a) is the correct answer

10 Answer: d

Reason is the definition of singular matrix and hence true.

For assertion |A| =0
1(x-4)-2(2)+0=0
x-8 = 0 => x= 8. Thus matrix A is singular for x=8.
Therefore (A) is false but (R) is true.
Hence Option (d) is the correct answer

11 Answer: d

Reason is true which is a standard result.

For assertion , by using the reason |adj A|= |𝐴|𝑛−1 = 53−1
=25.So assertion is
true.
Therefore Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
Hence Option (a) is the correct answer.

12 Answer: a

2
For reason, |adj(adjA)|= |𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴|𝑛−1 = |𝐴|(𝑛−1) .So reason is true.
2 2
For assertion |adj(adjA)|= |𝐴|(𝑛−1) = 4(3−1) =44 .So assertion is true.
Therefore Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
Hence Option (a) is the correct answer

pg. 48
13 Answer: b

since A is invertible |𝐴| ≠ 0 => |𝐴𝑇 | ≠ 0 => 𝐴𝑇 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒

So A is true
Let P be invertible symmetric matrix, then |𝑃| ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃
(𝑃−1 )𝑇 = (𝑃 𝑇 )−1 = 𝑃−1 Hence P-1 is also symmetric matrix => R is true
But R does not explains A
Hence b is correct

14 Answer: a

The results given in Reason are standard properties of determinants and

hence
R is true. Using these results we get
|2𝐴𝐵| = |𝐼|
2 |𝐴||𝐵|
3 = 1 => 9.9.|𝐵| = 1 =>|𝐵| = 1/81
Hence A is true
Option a correct answer

15 Answer: b

On expanding determinants we get x2 – 36 = 36 – 36 => x=±6

So A is true
R is property of a symmetric matrix , hence true
But R does not explains A
Option b is correct answer

16 Answer: a

Result given in reason is a standard property of determinants hence true

Using this formula we can see clearly Assertion is true
Hence option a is correct answer

17 Answer: c

Formula in reason is correct, using this we get detA = 4

Hence A is false and R is true

Option c is correct

pg. 49
18 Answer: b

|𝐴−1 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = |𝐴−1 ||𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴|(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴𝐵 = 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴. 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐵)

= |𝐴|−1 |𝐴|2 (|𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴| = |𝐴|𝑛−1 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴−1 = (𝑑𝑒𝑡𝐴)−1
= |𝐴|
Hence A is true
R is definition of inverse of a matrix, so true
But R does not explains A
Option b is correct answer

19 Answer: c

For square matrix A

A (adjA) = (detA) I Hence A is true
But adj(AB) = (adjB)(adjA) ( property)
Hence R is false
Option c is correct answer

20 Answer: a

|𝐴| = |𝑎 𝑏 | = 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐 is maximum if ad is max. and bc is min.

𝑐 𝑑
ad = 17x19 = 323 and bc = 2x3 = 6
Therefore max. value of detA is 323-6 = 317
Option a is correct answer
21 Answer: b
5 𝑘
For unique solution det. of coefficient matrix ≠ 0 | | ≠ 0 , we get k ≠
3 3
5
A is true
For k = 5 the given lines are parallel hence no solution, therefore
inconsistent
R is true
But R is not correct explanation for A
Option b is correct answer

22 Answer: c
A-1(A2 – 5A + 7I) = O implies A -5I + 7A-1 = O implies A-1 = 1/7(5I - A)
A is true
Clearly reason is false
Option c is correct answer

pg. 50
23 Answer:d

Formula given in reason is true.

1 2
Using this result we get adjA = ( )
3 4
A is false and R is true
Option d is correct answer

24 Answer: d

f(x) = cos2 x + 6 sin2 x = 1 + 5 sin2 x

Range of f(x) is [1 + 5(0) , 1 + 5(1)] = [1, 6] hence A is false
R is true
Option d is correct

25 Answer:c

det A = 2x2 – (1 – 2i)(1 + 2i) = 5 which is real, so A is true

If elements of a matrix are complex numbers then det A may be real or
complex.
So R is false
Option c is correct answer

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

1 Three shopkeepers Ravi ,Raju and Rohit are using polythene bags,
handmade bags (prepared by prisoners) and newspaper's envelope as carry
bags. It is found that the shopkeepersRavi ,Raju and Rohit are using
(20,30,40), (30,40,20) and (40, 20, 30) polythene bags, handmade bags and
newspaper's envelopes respectively. The shopkeepers Ravi ,Raju and
Rohitspent Rs.250, Rs.270 and Rs.200 on these carry bags respectively

(I) Represent the above situation algebraically & write the system in
the form of matrices.
(II) Find the cost of one polythene bag

pg. 51
 (III) Find the cost of one handmade bag and one newspaper envelope
bag

2 A trust invested some money in two types of bonds . The first bond pays
10% interest and second bond pays 12% interest. The trust received rupees
2800 as interest.However , if trust hadinterchanged money in bonds, they
would have got rupees 100 less as interest.Based on the information
answer the following.
1. Represent the above situation algebraically & write the system in the
form of matrices.
2. Find the amount invested in first bond.
3. Find the amount invested in second bond.

3 A shopkeeper has 3 varieties of pens A,B,C. Meenu purchased 1 pen of

each variety for a total of rupees 21.Jeeva purchased 4 pens of A variety, 3
pens of B variety and 2 pens of C variety for rupees 60.While Shikha
purchased 6 pens of A variety,2pens of B variety and 3 pens of C variety
for rupees 70.

Based on the above information answer the following questions.

1. Represent the above situation algebraically & write the system in the
form of matrices.
2. Find the cost of pen of variety A
3. Find the cost of pen of variety B
OR
Find the cost of pen of variety C

4 The management committee of a residential colony decided to award some

of its members for honesty, some for helping others and some others for
supervising the workers to keep the colony neat and clean. The sum of all
the awardees is 12.Three times the sum of awardees for co-operation and
supervision added to two times the number of awardees for honesty is 33.If
the sum of the number of awardees for honesty and supervision is twice

pg. 52
 the number of awardees for helping others, Based on the above
information answer the following

1. Find the number of awards for honesty

2. Find the number of awards for helping others
3. Find the number of awards for supervising the workers

5 On her birthday Reena decided to donate some money to children of an

orphanage home. If there were 8 children less, everyone would have got
rupees 10 more. However if there were 16 children more everyone would
have got rupees 10 less. Based on this information answer the following
questions.
1. Represent the above situation algebraically & write the system in the
form of matrices.
2. Find the number of children
3. Find the amount donated by Reena to each child

6 Gautam buys 5 pens, 3 bags and 1 instrument box and pays a sum of
Rs.160. From the same shop Vikram buys 2 pens, 1 bag and 3 instrument
boxes and pays a sum of Rs. 190. Also Ankur buys 1 pen, 2 bags and 4
instrument boxes and pays a sum of Rs. 250

Based on the above information answer the following questions

i) Express the above given situation into a matrix equation of the
form AX = B
ii) Find det A
iii) a) Find A-1
OR
b) Determine P = A2 – 5A

7 Raman wants to donate a rectangular plot of land for school in her village.
When she was asked to give the dimensions of the plot, she told that if its

pg. 53
 length is decreased by 50m and breadth is increased by 50m, then its area
does not alter, but if length is deceased by 10m and breadth is decreased by
20m, then area will decrease by 5300m2

Based on the above information, answer the following questions

i) If the length and breadth of the plot are x and y respectively, then
find the system of linear equations in x and y
ii) Find the length and breadth of the plot
iii) Find the area of the rectangular plot

8 The daily income of Sita and Savita are in the ratio 1:2 and their
expenditures are in the ratio 2:1. Their savings are Rs.500 and Rs. 2500
respectively
Based on the above information answer the following questions
i) If their incomes are x and 2x; and their expenditures are 2y and y
respectively, then write the linear equations for the above
situation

ii) Find the income of Sita

iii) Find the expenditure of Savita
OR
Find their total income

9 The upward speed v(t) of a rocket at time t is given by V(t) = at2 + bt + c, 0

≤ t ≤ 100, where a. b. c are constants. It has been found that the speed at t =
3sec, t = 6 sec and t = 9sec are respectively 64, 133 and 208 miles per
second
9 3 1 −1 1 −2 1
1
If [36 6 1] = [−15 24 −9]
18
81 9 1 54 −54 18
Answer the following questions

pg. 54
 i) Find the value of b + c
ii) Find the speed V(t) in terms of t

10 A diet is to contain 30 units of vitamin A, 40 units of vitamin B and 20

units of vitamin C. Three types of foods F1, F2 and F3 are available. One
unit of F1 contains 3 units of vitamin A, 2 units vitamin B and 1 unit of
vitamin C. One unit of F2 contains 1 unit of vitamin A, 2 units of vitamin
B and 1 unit of vitamin C. One unit of F3 contains 5 units of vitamin A, 3
units of vitamin B and 2 units of vitamin C.
Based on the above information answer the following questions
i) If the diet contains x units food F1, y units food F2 and z units of
food F3, then write the above information in terms of x, y and z
ii) Find the values of x, y and z

SOLUTIONS
1 (1) Let the cost of one polythene bag be x, one handmade bag be y and
one newspaper envelope bag be z
20x+30y+40z=250
30x+40y+20z=270
40x+20y+30z=200
2 3 4 𝑥 25
[3 4 2] [𝑦] = [27]
4 2 3 𝑧 20
AX =B
X = 𝐴−1 B
1
= ( adjA ) B
|𝐴|

8 −1 −10 25 1
1
=
−27
[ −1 −10 8 ] [27] = [5]
−10 8 −1 20 2

x=1, y=5,z=2
(2) x=1
(3) y=5,z=2

2 (1) Let x and y be the money invested in first and second bond
respectively
10 12
X ( ) + y ( ) = 2800
100 100

pg. 55
 12 10
X( )+y( ) = 2700
100 100
 10x + 12y = 280000
12x + 10y = 270000
10 12 𝑥 280000
[ ] [ ]=[ ]
12 10 𝑦 270000

AX = B
X = 𝐴−1 B
1
= ( adjA ) B
|𝐴|

1 10 −12 280000 1 −440000

= [ ][ ]= [ ]
−44 −12 10 270000 −44 −660000
10000
=[ ]
15000

(2) x= 10000
(3) y = 15000

3 (1) Let the cost of a pen of variety A be x, B be y and C be z

x+y+z = 21
4x+3y+2z =60
6x+2y+3z=70
1 1 1 𝑥 21
[4 3 2] [𝑦] = [60]
6 2 3 𝑧 70
AX =B
X = 𝐴−1 B
1
= ( adjA ) B
|𝐴|

5 −1 −1 21 5
1
= [ 0 −3 2 ] [60] = [8]
−5
−10 4 −1 70 8

(2) x=5
(3)y=8 OR z=8

4 Let the number of awardees for honesty be x, number of awardees

forhelping others be y and number of awardees fornumber of awardees
forsupervising the workers be z
x +y + z =12
3(y + z)+2x =33 => 2x+3y+3z =33

pg. 56
 x+ z=2y => x-2y+z=0

1 1 1 𝑥 12
[2 3 3] [𝑦] = [33]
1 −2 1 𝑧 0
AX =B
X = 𝐴−1 B
1
= ( adjA ) B
|𝐴|

9 −3 0 21 12 3
1
= [1 0 −1] [60] = [33] = [4]
3
−7 3 1 70 0 5

1. x=3,
2. y=4,
3. z=5

5 Let the number of children be x and the amount donated by Reena to each
child be y.
(x-8) (y+10) =xy => xy+10x-8y-80=xy
(x+16) (y-10) = xy => xy-10x+16y-160=xy
 5x-4y= 40 ………………….(I )
 5x-8y= -80 …………………(ii)
5 −4 𝑥 40
[ ] [𝑦]=[ ]
5 −8 −80

AX = B
X = 𝐴−1 B
1
= ( adjA ) B
|𝐴|
−8
1 4 40 1 −640
= [ ][ ]= [ ]= >
−20 −5 5 −80 −20 −600
2. x = 32
3. y =30

6 Let the cost of 1 pen, 1 bag and 1 instrument box are Rs.x, y and z
respectively
From the question 5x + 3y + z = 160, 2x + y + 3z = 190 and x + 2y + 4z =
250

pg. 57
 5 3 1 𝑥 160 5 3 1 𝑥
i) [2 1 3] [𝑦] = [190] where A = [2 1 3 ] , X = [𝑦 ] , B
1 2 4 𝑧 250 1 2 4 𝑧
160
= [190]
250

5 3 1
ii) |𝐴| = |2 1 3| = -22
1 2 4

−2 −10 8
1
iii) a) adjA = [−5 19 −13] and A-1 = |𝐴| 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝐴 =
3 −7 −1
−2 −10 8
1
−22
[−5 19 −13]
3 −7 −1

32 20 18 5 3 1
b) P = A – 5A = [15 13 17] − 5 [2 1 3] =
2

13 13 23 1 2 4
7 5 13
[5 8 2 ]
8 3 3
7 i) area of the plot = xy
Given that (x - 50)(y + 50) = xy => x – y = 50
and (x - 10)(y - 20) = xy – 5300 => 2x + y = 550

1 −1 𝑥 50
The matrix equation of the above system is [ ] [𝑦] = [ ]
2 1 550
1 1 1 50 200
AX = B implies X = A-1B => X = [ ][ ]= [ ]
3 −2 1 550 150
x = 200 and y = 150
ii) length is x = 200m , breadth y = 150m iii) area xy = 200x150
2
= 30000m

8 i) Income – expenditure = savings => we get x – 2y = 500, 2x – y =

2500

1 −2 𝑥 500
ii) AX = B =>[ ] [𝑦 ] = [ ] X = A-1B =
2 −1 2500
1 −1 2 500 1500
[ ][ ]= [ ]
3 −2 1 2500 500
x = 1500 and y = 500
Income of Sita is x = Rs. 1500

pg. 58
 iii)Expenditure of Savita is y = Rs. 500 (OR)
their total income is x + 2x = 3x = 3x 1500 = Rs.450

9 Given v(3) =64, v(6) = 133 and v(9) = 208

We get 9a + 3b + c = 64, 36a + 6b + c = 133 and 81a + 9b + c = 208
9 3 1 𝑎 64
The matrix equation is [36 6 1] [𝑏 ] = [133]
81 9 1 𝑐 208
1 −2 1 64
-1 1
AX = B implies X = A B => X = [−15 24 −9] [133]
18
54 −54 18 208
6
1
X = [360] => a = 1/3, b = 20, c = 1
18
18
i) b + c = 21
ii) v(t) = (1/3)t2 + 20t + 1

10 i) As per the given information

3x + y + 5z = 30, 2x + 2y + 3z = 40 and x + y + 2z = 20
ii) On solving these equations by matrix method we get x = 5, y + 15 and
z=0

pg. 59
 CHAPTER : CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS

Two statements are given below - one labeled Assertion (A) and the
other labeled Reason (R). Read the statements carefully and choose the
option that correctly describes statements (A) and (R).
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation for
(A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

1 Assertion (A): f(x) = 2x + 5 is continuous on the set of all real

numbers.

Reason (R): f(x) is a polynomial function

2 Assertion (A): f(x) = | x – 3 | is continuous at x = 3

Reason (R): f(x) = | x – 3 | is differentiable at x = 3

3 Assertion (A): f(x) = [x], where [x] is the greatest integer less than
or equal to x is continuous at x = 3.

Reason (R): f(x) = [x], where [x] is the greatest integer less than or
equal to x is not differentiable at x = 3.

4 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≠ 3
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥−3 is continuous at x
𝑘, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3
=3

Assertion (A): The value of k is 4

Reason (R): If f(x) is continuous at a point a then
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎

5 𝑘|𝑥−3|
, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 3
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥−3 is continuous at
5, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 3
x = 3.

Assertion (A): The value of k is -5.

pg. 60
 |𝑥−3| 1 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 3
Reason (R): ={
𝑥−3 −1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 3

6 Assertion (A): The number of points of discontinuity of the function

f(x) = x – [x] in the interval (-2, 5) are 6.

Reason (R): The greatest integer function [x] is continuous at all

integral values of x.

7 𝑑
Assertion (A): (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) = sin 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Reason (R): Let f be a real valued function which is a composite of

two functions u and v; i.e., f = v o u. Suppose t = u(x)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡
and if both and exist, we have = . .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥

8 𝑑
Assertion (A): 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = cos(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

Reason (R): Let f be a real valued function which is a composite of

two functions u and v; i.e., f = v o u. Suppose t = u(x)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡
and if both and exist, we have = . .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥

9 𝑑
Assertion (A): sin−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = − 1
𝑑𝑥

Reason (R): sin−1 (sin 𝑥) = 𝑥,

𝜋
𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑥| ≤ 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = sin ( − 𝑥)
2

10 𝑑 cos 𝑥−sin 𝑥
Assertion (A): [tan−1 ( )] = −1
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥

𝑑 1
Reason (R): (tan−1 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

11 𝑑 2𝑥 2
Assertion (A): sin−1 ( ) = 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

2𝑥
Reason (R): sin−1 ( ) = 2 tan−1 𝑥
1+𝑥 2

12 𝑑 1−𝑥 2 −2
Assertion (A): sin−1 ( ) = 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

pg. 61
 𝑑 1
Reason (R): (tan−1 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

13 If 2x + 3y = sin 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 −2
Assertion (A): =
𝑑𝑥 3−cos 𝑦

Reason (R): 2x + 3y = sin 𝑦 is an explicit function.

14 𝑑
Assertion (A):
𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 log 𝑥 ) = 1

Reason (R): 𝑒 log 𝑥 = 𝑥

15 𝑑
Assertion (A):
𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 sin 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 cos 𝑥

𝑑
Reason (R): (𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

16 𝑑 1
Assertion (A): log(log 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 log 𝑥

𝑑 1
Reason (R): log 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

17 𝑑 1
Assertion (A): log10 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑 1
Reason (R): log 𝑒 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

18 𝑑
Assertion (A): (5𝑥 ) = 5𝑥 log 5
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
Reason (R): (𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎
𝑑𝑥

19 𝑑
Assertion (A): (𝑎𝑎 ) = 𝑎𝑎 log 𝑎
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
Reason (R): (𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎
𝑑𝑥

20 𝑑
Assertion (A):
𝑑𝑥
(2sin 𝑥 ) = 2sin 𝑥 log 2

𝑑
Reason (R): (𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎
𝑑𝑥

21 If x = 𝑎 sin 𝑡 and y = 𝑏 cos 𝑡

pg. 62
 𝑑𝑦 𝑏
Assertion (A): = − tan 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑎
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Reason (R): if y = f(t) and x = g(t) then = /
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

22 −1
Assertion (A): Second derivative of log x is
𝑥2
Reason (R): Derivative of ex is ex.

23 If 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥

Assertion (A): 𝑥𝑦" + 𝑦′ = 0

𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦
Reason (R): ( ) = 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

24 If y = t3 and x = t2
𝑑2𝑦 3
Assertion (A): =
𝑑𝑥 2 2
𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦
Reason (R): ( ) = 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

25 1
Let 𝑦 = log ( )
1+𝑥

Assertion (A): y’(1) = -1/2

Reason (R): xy’ + 1 = ey.

SOLUTIONS
1 Answer: A
Solution: Every polynomial function is continuous in its domain.

2 Answer: C
Solution: Modulus function is continuous in its domain, hence (A) is
correct and
every continuous function at a point may not be differentiable at that
point.

3 Answer: D
Solution: Greatest integer function is discontinuous at all integral values.
Therefore (A) is wrong and every differentiable function at a point is
continuous at that point, hence (R) is correct.

4 Answer: D

pg. 63
 Solution: if f(x) is continuous at x = a thenlim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎), therefore
𝑥→𝑎
(R) is
true
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(3),
𝑥→3
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3
lim =𝑘
𝑥→3 𝑥−3
k = 1 therefore (A) is false.

5 Answer: A
|𝑥−3|
Solution: By the definition of the modulus function =
𝑥−3
1 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 3
{ is
−1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 3
true, hence R is true.
𝐿𝐻𝐿 = lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(3)
𝑥→3−
|𝑥 − 3|
lim 𝑘 =5
𝑥→3− 𝑥−3
k(-1) = 5
k = -5

6 Answer: C
Solution: The greatest integer function [x] is discontinuous at all integral
values
of x and 6 integer values are there in the interval (-2, 5), hence (A) is true
The greatest integer function [x] is discontinuous at all integral values of
x, hence R is false.

7 Answer: A
𝑑
Solution: As per the chain rule (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥,
𝑑𝑥
(R) is correct as per the chain rule of the derivatives, hence (R) is true and
is the correct explanation for (A).

8 Answer: D
Solution: As per the chain rule,
𝑑 𝑑
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = cos(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) . (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = −cos(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

hence (A) is false.

(R) is correct as per the chain rule of the derivatives, hence (R) is true

9 Answer: A
𝑑 𝑑 𝜋 𝑑 𝜋
Solution: sin−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = sin−1 (sin ( − 𝑥)) = ( − 𝑥) = −1,
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2

pg. 64
 hence (A) is correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

10 Answer: B
𝑑 cos 𝑥−sin 𝑥 𝑑 1−tan 𝑥
Solution: [tan−1 ( )] = [tan−1 ( )]
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1+tan 𝑥

𝑑 𝜋 𝑑 𝜋
= tan−1 (tan ( − 𝑥)) = ( − 𝑥) = 1,
𝑑𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 4

hence (A) is correct.

𝑑 1
(tan−1 𝑥) = is also true, hence (R) is also true but (R) is not
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
correct

explanation of (A).

11 Answer: A
𝑑 2𝑥 𝑑 2
Solution: sin−1 ( ) = 𝑑𝑥 (2 tan−1 𝑥) = 1+𝑥 2 , hence (A) is correct
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
2𝑥
sin−1 ( ) = 2 tan −1
𝑥 is true and correct explanation for (A).
1+𝑥 2

12 Answer: A
𝑑 1−𝑥 2 𝑑
Solution: sin−1 ( ) = 𝑑𝑋 sin−1 (cos 2𝜃)
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

𝑑 𝜋 𝑑
= sin−1 (sin ( − 2𝜃)) = (−2𝜃)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 −2
= (−2 tan−1 𝑥) = ,
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

𝑑 1
hence (A) is true (tan−1 𝑥) = is true, hence (R) is also true and
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
correct explanation for (A).

13 Answer: C
Solution: 2x + 3y = siny
Differentiate with respect to x then
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2+3 = cos 𝑦.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −2
= hence (A) is true
𝑑𝑥 3−cos 𝑦
But 2x + 3y = siny is an implicit function, hence (R) is false.

14 Answer: A
𝑑 𝑑
Solution: (𝑒 log 𝑥 ) = (𝑥) = 1, hence (A) is true.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

pg. 65
 𝑒 log 𝑥 = 𝑥 is true, hence (R) is true and (R) is the correct explanation for
(A).

15 Answer: D
𝑑 𝑑
Solution: (𝑒 sin 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 sin 𝑥 (sin 𝑥) = 𝑒 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥, hence (A) is false.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 is true, hence (R) is true, hence (R) is true.
𝑑𝑥

16 Answer: A
𝑑 1 𝑑 1
Solution: log(log 𝑥) = . log 𝑥 = , hence (A) is true.
𝑑𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 log 𝑥
𝑑 1
log 𝑥 = is true, hence (R), hence (R) is true.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

17 Answer: D
𝑑 𝑑 log 𝑥 1 𝑑 1
Solution: log10 𝑥 = ( ) = log 10 . 𝑑𝑥 log 𝑥 = 𝑥 log 10, hence (A) is
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 log 10
not
true.
𝑑 1
log 𝑒 𝑥 = is true, hence (R) is true.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

18 Answer: A
Solution: (A) is true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

19 Answer: D
𝑑
Solution: (𝑎𝑎 ) = 0 𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑡, hence (A) is not true.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎 is true, hence (R) is true.
𝑑𝑥

20 Answer: D
𝑑 𝑑
Solution: (2sin 𝑥 ) = 2sin 𝑥 log 2 (sin 𝑥) = 2sin 𝑥 log 2 . cos 𝑥, hence
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(A) is not true.
𝑑
(𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑎 𝑥 log 𝑎 is true, hence (R) is true.
𝑑𝑥

21 Answer: A
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 𝑏
Solution: = −𝑏 sin 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑎 cos 𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 = 𝑑𝑥 = − tan 𝑡,
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑎
𝑑𝑡
hence (A) is true.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
if y = f(t) and x = g(t) then = / is true, hence (R) is true and (R)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
is the correct explanation of (A).

22 Answer: B

pg. 66
 𝑑 1 𝑑2 −1
Solution: (log 𝑥) = 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 (log 𝑥) = , hence (A) is true.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥2
𝑑
(𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 is true, hence (R) is true but (R) is not correct explanation
𝑑𝑥
of (A).

23 Answer: A
1
Solution:𝑦 = log 𝑥 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑦 ′ =
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 1
⇒ 𝑥𝑦" + 𝑦′ = 0,

hence (A) is true.

𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦
( ) = 𝑑𝑥 2 is true, hence (R) is true and (R) is the correct explanation
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
of (A).

24 Answer: D
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑2𝑦 3 𝑑𝑡
Solution: = 3𝑡 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 2𝑡implies = 𝑡 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 = . =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2 2 𝑑𝑥
3
,
4𝑡
hence (A) is not true.
𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦
( ) = 𝑑𝑥 2 is true, hence (R) is true.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

25 Answer: A
Solution: y = - log(1+x) implies y’ = -1/1+x implies y’(1) = -1/2, hence
(A) is true.
y’ = -1/1+x
 (1 + x) y’ = -1
 y’ + xy’ = -1
xy’ = -1 – y’
xy’ + 1 = ey.

Hence (R) is true and correct explanation of (A)

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS

CASE STUDY 1
A man travel on a path given by 𝑓(𝑥) =
|𝑥| + 3, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≤ −3
{−2𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 − 3 < 𝑥 < 3, depending on the above
6𝑥 + 2, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 3
information answer the following questions.
1 Are there any breaks in the path? 2M

pg. 67
2 If so where is the break in the path? 2M

CASE STUDY 2

Let f be a real valued function which is a composite of two

functions u and v; i.e., f = v o u. Suppose t = u(x) and if both
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑡
and exist, we have = . . This is called chain rule
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
in the derivatives. Basing on the above the derivative of the
following.

1 sec(tan √𝑥) 1M
2 2√cot 𝑥 2 1M
3 cos(𝑥 3 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 5 2M

CASE STUDY 3

Ex1: x – y – 6 = 0
Ex2: x + sin xy – y = 0

When a relationship between x and y is expressed in a way

that it is easy to solve for y and write y = f (x), we say that y
is given as an explicit function of x. In the second case it is
implicit that y is a function of x and we say that the
relationship of the second type, above, gives function
implicitly. With the above information find the derivative of
the following.

1 y + sin y = cos x. 1M
2 x2 + xy + y2 = 5 1M
3 2𝑥 2M
𝑦 = cos −1 ( )
1+𝑥 2

CASE STUDY 4
Sometimes the relation between two variables is neither
explicit nor implicit, but some link of a third variable with
each of the two variables, separately, establishes a relation
between the first two variables. In such a situation, we say
that the relation between them is expressed via a third
variable. The third variable is called the parameter. More
precisely, a relation expressed between two variables x and y
in the form x = f (t), y = g(t) is said to be parametric form
pg. 68
 with t as a parameter. In order to find derivative of function
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
in such form, we have by chain rule. = / . Using the
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
above find dy/dx in the following cases.

1 x = at2, y = 2at 1M
2 Find the derivative of sin2x with respect to ecosx. 1M
3 −1 −1 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2M
𝐼𝑓 𝑥 = √𝑎sin 𝑡 , 𝑦 = √𝑎cos 𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 =−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

CASE STUDY 5
The derivative of a function is again differentiable then the
derivative of first derivative is called second derivative.
If y = f(x) is a function then its first derivative is denoted by
f1(x) or dy/dx or y1 and its second derivative is denoted by
𝑑2𝑦
𝑓 " (𝑥) 𝑜𝑟 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑦2 . Basing the given information answer
𝑑𝑥
the following.

1 Find the second derivative of cos(logx) 1M

2 Find the second derivative of tan-1x. 1M
3 If 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦2 − 𝑥𝑦1 = 0 2M

CASE STUDY 6
Let f(x) be a real valued function, then its
LEFT HAND DERIVATIVE (L.H.D):
𝑓(𝑎−h)−𝑓(𝑎)
L f ‘ (a) = lim
h→0 −h

RIGHT HAND DERIVATIVE (R.H.D):

𝑓(𝑎+h)−𝑓(𝑎)
R f ‘ (a) = lim
h→0 h

Also, a function f(x) is said to be differentiable at x=a if its

L.H.D and R.H.D at x=a exist and are equal.
|𝑥 − 3 | , 𝑥 ≥ 1
For the function f(x)={ 𝑥2 3𝑥 13
− + , 𝑥<1
4 2 4
Answer the following questions

1 Find the R.H.D of f(x) at x=1 1M

2 Show that f(x) is non differentiable at x=3 1M
pg. 69
3 Find the value of f ‘ (2) 2M
OR
Find the value of f ‘ (-1)

CASE STUDY 7
A pottery made a mud vessel , where the shape of the pot is
based on f(x) = |𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 − 2| , where f(x) represents the
height of the pot
1 When x> 4 what will be the height in terms of x ? 1M
2 Find the derivative of f(X) at x=3 1M
3 What is the function When the x value lies between (2,3). 2M
OR

If the potter is trying to make a pot using the function

f(x)=[𝑥], will he get a pot or not? Why?

CASE STUDY 8
If f(x) is an even function and g(x) is an odd function , |𝑥|is
a modulus function, [𝑥] is an integer function. By using the
definitions of the functions solve the following
1 If f(x) =cos2x is an even function, then find whether f’ (x) is 1M
an even function or odd function
2 𝑢(𝑥) 1M
If f(x)=log( ) , u(1)=v(1) and u’(1)=v’(1)=2 then find
𝑣(𝑥)
the value of f’(1)
3 𝑑𝑦 2M
If y= |𝑥| , find for x
𝑑𝑥

OR
Show that f(x)= x- [𝑥] is discontinuous at x=2

CASE STUDY 9
Read the following passage and answer the questions given
below

pg. 70
 The relation between the height of the plant (y cm) with
respect to its exposure to the sunlight is governed by the
1
following equation y=4x - 𝑥 2 , where x is the number of
2
days exposed to the sunlight.
1 Find the rate of growth of the plant with respect to the 1M
number of days exposed to the sunlight
2 Does the rate of growth of the plant increase or decrease in 1M
the first three days?
3 What will be the height of the plant after 2 days? 2M

CASE STUDY 10
Three children X,Y and Z of class XII were discussing the
answers after completion of the exam. They got stuck at a
question regarding differentiation i.e differentiate y= (x2 –
5x+8 )(x2 + 7x-6). which each of them solved in three
different ways. Check whether all the three got the same
answer? verify.

1 Solve it by product rule 1M

2 Solve it by expanding the product to obtain a single 1M
polynomial
3 Solve it by logarithmic differentiation 2M

CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS

Case Study 1
1 Yes
2 At x = 3, LHL = -- 6 and RHL = 20, hence f is discontinuous at x =3

Case Study 2
1 𝑑 𝑑
(sec(tan √𝑥)) = sec(tan √𝑥) tan(tan √𝑥) . (tan √𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
= sec(tan √𝑥) tan(tan √𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥. (√𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1
= sec(tan √𝑥) tan(tan √𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 √𝑥
2 √𝑥

2 𝑑 1 𝑑
(2√cot 𝑥 2 ) = −2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 ). (𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 2√cot 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

pg. 71
 2𝑥
=− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 2 )
√cot 𝑥 2
3 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(cos(𝑥 3 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 5 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 5 (cos(𝑥 3 )) + cos(𝑥 3 ) (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 5 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= −3𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 5 . sin 𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 4 sin 𝑥 5 cos 𝑥 5 cos 𝑥 3

Case Study 3
1 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑦 + sin 𝑦) = (cos 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
→ + cos 𝑦 = − sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑥
→ =−
𝑑𝑥 1+cos 𝑦

2 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) = (5)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
→ 2𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥+𝑦
→ =−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+2𝑦

3 2𝑥 𝜋
𝑦 = cos −1 ( ) → 𝑦 = cos −1 (cos ( 2 − 2 tan−1 𝑥))
1+𝑥 2
𝜋 𝑑𝑦 2
→ 𝑦 = − 2 tan−1 𝑥 → =−
2 𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2

Case Study 4
1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡 2 → = 2𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 2𝑎𝑡 → = 2𝑎
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 2𝑎 1
= = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2𝑎𝑡 𝑡
𝑑𝑡

2 Let u = sin2x and v =ecosx

𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
= =
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣 − sin 𝑥. 𝑒 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

pg. 72
 CHAPTER : APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS

In the following questions , a statement of Assertion ( A ) is followed by a

statement of Reason ( R ). Choose the correct answer out of the following
choices:

(a) Both assertion ( A ) and reason ( R ) are true and the Reason ( R ) is the
correct explanation of the assertion ( A ).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are true , but Reason( R ) is not the
correct explanation of the assertion ( A ).
(c) Assertion ( A ) is true but Reason ( R ) is false.
(d) Assertion ( A ) is false but Reason ( R ) is true.

1 Assertion(A) : The function f(x ) = [ x ( x + 2 )2 ] is increasing in

( 0 ,1 ) U ( 2 , ∞)
𝑑𝑦
Reason ( R ): = 0 , when x = 0 , 1 , 2
𝑑𝑥

1
Assertion(A) : f(x) = is decreasing in x ∈ R – { 7 }
𝑥−7
2
Reason ( R ) : f 1 (x) < 0 , for all x ≠ 7

3 Assertion(A) : f(x) = ex is an increasing function for all x ∈ R

Reason ( R ) : If f 1 (x) ≤ 0 , then f(x) is an increasing function.

4 Assertion(A) : f(x) = log x is defined for all x ∈ ( 0 , ∞)

Reason ( R ) : If f1 ( x ) > 0 then f(x) is strictly increasing
function.

Assertion ( A ) : If f(x) = Log( sin x ) , x > 0 is strictly decreasing

𝜋
5 in ( , 𝜋 )
2
1
Reason ( R ) : If f (x) ≥ 0 then f(x) is strictly increasing
function.

6 Assertion ( A ) : If f(x) = a( x + sinx ) is increasing function if

a𝜖(0,∞)
Reason ( R ) : The given function f(x) is increasing only if
a∈ ( 0 , ∞ )

pg. 76
 2𝑥
Assertion ( A ) : The function y = log ( 1 + x ) - , x > -1 is a
2+𝑥
7
decreasing function throughout its domain
𝑑𝑦
Reason ( R ) : > 0 if x ∈( -1 , ∞ )
𝑑𝑥

8 5
Assertion ( A ) : f(x) = + 2 is decreasing in R – { 0 }
𝑥
Reason ( R ) : The above mentioned function is increasing in R

Assertion ( A ) : The rate of change of a circle with respective

9 r is 2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑦
Reason ( R ) : represents the rate of change of y with
𝑑𝑥
respective x

Assertion ( A ) : The rate of change of volume of a sphere with

10 respective its radius is increasing.
𝑑𝑉
Reason ( R ) : >0
𝑑𝑟

11 1
Assertion ( A ) : f(x) = x - is strictly increasing in R – { 0 }
𝑥
Reason ( R ) : A function f(x) is called decreasing in I if
f1 ( x ) < 0 for all x ∈ I

Assertion ( A ) : f(x) = ( x – 1 ) ex + 1 is an increasing

12 function for all x > 0
Reason ( R ) : f 1(x) > 0 for all x ∈ ( 0 , ∞ )

Assertion ( A ) : The rate of change of the area of circle with

13 respective radius r when r = 3 cm is 6𝜋 cm2/cm
𝑑𝐴
Reason (R): at r = 3
𝑑𝑟

14 Assertion ( A ) : f(x) = x2 e-x is increasing in ( 0 , 2 )

Reason ( R ) : f(x) is decreasing in ( 2 , ∞ )

Assertion ( A ) : f(x) = x2 – x + 1 is neither increasing nor

15 decreasing on ( -1 , 1)
Reason ( R ) : If f1 ( x ) > 0 then f(x) is strictly increasing
function for all x ∈ I
Assertion (A) : 𝑓(𝑥) = −|𝑥 + 1| + 3is defined for all real values
16
of 𝑥 except 𝑥 = - 1
Reason (R) : Maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥) is 3 and Minimum value does
not exists

pg. 77
 Assertion (A) :𝑓(𝑥) = sin 2𝑥 + 3 is defined for all real values of 𝑥.
17 Reason (R) : Minimum value of 𝑓(𝑥)is 2 and Maximum value is 4.

18 1
Assertion (A) : For 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + maximum and minimum values
𝑥
both exists.
Reason (R) : Maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥) is less than its minimum
value

19
Assertion (A):If m and M are respectively minimum and maximum values
of
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)2 + 3 for all 𝑥 ∈ [−3,1] then (𝑚, 𝑀) = (𝑓(1), 𝑓(−3))
Reason (R): 𝑓(𝑥) is strictly increasing on [−3,1]

20 Assertion (A): f(x) = Sin( Sin x ) is defined for all real value of x
Reason ( R): Minimum and maximum values does not exist

21 Assertion (A): f(x) = ex has no minimum and maximum values

Reason ( R): f(x) has no critical points

22 Assertion (A) 𝑓(𝑥) = −|𝑥 + 1| + 3is defined for all real values of
𝑥 except 𝑥 = - 1
Reason (R) : Maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥) is 3 and Minimum value does
not exist.

23 Assertion (A) : 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 2𝑥 + 3 is defined for all real values of 𝑥.

Reason (R) : Minimum value of 𝑓(𝑥) is 2 and Maximum value is 4.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
24 1
Assertion (A) : For 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + maximum and minimum values
𝑥
both exists.
Reason (R) : Maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥) is less than its minimum value.

25 Assertion (A): If two positive numbers are such that their sum is 16
and sum of the cubes is minimum, then the numbers

pg. 78
 are 8, 8.
Reason (R): If f be a function definedon an interval I and c ∈ l and
let f be twice Differentiable at c, then 𝑥 = c is a point of
local minima if 𝑓(𝑥) =0 and𝑓 ′′ (𝑐)>0 and 𝑓(𝑐)local
minimum value of 𝑓.

ANSWERS :

1 Assertion is true since f1(x) > 0 , x ∈( 0 ,1 ) U ( 2 , ∞)

Reason is true but not the correct explanation of A

Ans : (b)
−1
Assertion is true since f1(x) =
( 𝑥−7 )2
2
f (x) < 0 , x ∈ R – { 7 }
1

Reason is true and it is the correct explanation of A

Ans : ( a )

f 1 ( x) = ex
3 ⟹ f 1 ( x) >0
So it is an increasing function
⟹ R is not true as it is mentioned that f 1 (x) ≤ 0
Ans : ( c )
1
f 1 ( x) = > 0 for all x ∈ ( 0 , ∞)
𝑥
4
⟹ f ( x) is an increasing function
So A & R both are true and R is the correct explanation of
A
Ans : ( a )

5 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝜋
f 1 ( x) = = Cotx > 0 where x ∈( , 𝜋 )
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥 2
So f is an increasing function
⟹ Assertion is wrong
⟹ Reason is true

Ans ( d )

6 f 1 ( x) = a( 1 + Cosx ) > 0 if a 𝜖 ( 0 , ∞ )
So f is an increasing function
⟹ Assertion is wrong
pg. 79
 ⟹ Reason is true

Ans (d )
7 𝑑𝑦 𝑥2
Here = >0
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥+1).(𝑥+ 2)2
So f is an increasing function
⟹ Assertion is wrong
⟹ Reason is true

Ans ( d )

8 −5
f 1(x) = 2 < 0
𝑥
f(x) is decreasing in R – { 0 }
Assertion ( A ) is true but Reason ( R ) is false.

Ans : ( c )

A = 𝜋 r2
9 𝑑𝐴
⟹ = 2𝜋𝑟
𝑑𝑟
Both assertion ( A ) and reason ( R ) are true and the Reason ( R ) is the
correct explanation of the assertion ( A ).

Ans : ( a)

Both assertion ( A ) and reason ( R ) are true and the Reason ( R ) is the
10 correct explanation of the assertion ( A ).

Ans : (a)
1
f 1(x) = 1 + 2> 0 is increasing function
𝑥
11
Therefore Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are true , but Reason( R ) is
not the correct explanation of the assertion ( A ).

Ans ( b )

f 1(x) = ex + ( x – 1 ) ex
12 f 1( x) = x.ex> 0 is an increasing function
Both assertion ( A ) and reason ( R ) are true and the Reason ( R ) is the
correct explanation of the assertion ( A ).
Ans : ( a )

A = 𝜋 r2
pg. 80
13 𝑑𝐴
= 2𝜋r
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝐴
at r = 3 is 6𝜋 cm2/cm
𝑑𝑟

Ans : ( a )

f 1(x) > 0 for all x ∈ ( 0 , 2)

14 Assertion ( A ) is true but Reason ( R ) is false.

Ans : ( C)

15 Both Assertion (A) and Reason ( R ) are true , but Reason( R ) is not the
correct explanation of the assertion ( A ).

Ans : ( b )

16 Ans : ( a )

Since −1 ≤ sin 2𝑥 ≤ 1 → 2 ≤ sin 2𝑥 + 3 ≤ 4

17
Ans : ( a )
1 1
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + , 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1 − ,𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 → 𝑥 = ±1
𝑥 𝑥2
18
2
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = ,𝑓 ′′ (−1) = −2 < 0, 𝑓(𝑥) is maximum at 𝑥= -1
𝑥3
And max value is 𝑓(−1) = −2 , 𝑓 ′′ (1) = 2 > 0, 𝑓(𝑥) is
minimum at 𝑥= 1
And minimum value is 𝑓(1) = 2
Ans : ( a )

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2(𝑥 − 1)0 for all 𝑥 ∈ [−3,1]

19
𝑓(𝑥)is decreasing on[−3,1], 𝑓(−3) = 19 = 𝑀, 𝑓(1) = 3 = 𝑚

Ans : ( a)

Assertion ( A ) is true but Reason ( R ) is false.

20
Ans : ( c )

pg. 81
21 Ans : (a)

22 Ans. A
23 Ans. A
Explanation −1 ≤ sin 2𝑥 ≤ 1 → 2 ≤ sin 2𝑥 + 3 ≤ 4
24 Ans. A.
Explanation.
1
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + ,
𝑥
1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1 − ,
𝑥2

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 → 𝑥 = ±1
2
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = ,𝑓 ′′ (−1) = −2 < 0,
𝑥3
𝑓(𝑥) is maximum at 𝑥= -1
And max value is 𝑓(−1) = −2 ,
𝑓 ′′ (1) = 2 > 0,
𝑓(𝑥) is minimum at 𝑥= 1
And minimum value is 𝑓(1) = 2

25 Ans. A.
Explanation.
Let the numbers be 𝑥 & 𝑦, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 16 and
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑥 3 + (16 − 𝑥)3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 3(16 − 𝑥)2 , 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 → 𝑥 = 8 𝑓 ′′ (8) = 96 > 0
𝑓(𝑥)is minimum at𝑥=8 when 𝑥 = 8, 𝑦 = 8
∴ the numbers are 8,8.

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

1 Mr.Suresh who is a popular businessman consulted a share market expert

to know about the investment in a particular company. He predicted that
the trend of the company would be governed by the function
𝑥3
𝑓(𝑥) = − 4𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 8 where 𝑥 is the years of investment in
3
the
company.

pg. 82
 i. In the first ten years when will he get growth in his investment?
ii. There is going to be a lean patch in the investment. When is it going to
happen? When will the market pick up again?

2 Rain Water Harvesting pits are very essential to conserve water and use it for
furtheruse.An engineer was asked to design a cuboidal pit with a fixed volume
of 256m3 and with a square base

i. What will be the value of edge of base so that total surface is

minimum?
ii. Find the height of tank and also the total surface area?
3 The soaring prices of tomatoes in our country in the recent part made the
Trade Analysts to come up with an equation
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 16𝑥 − 𝑥 2
2
To find the cost of 1kg of tomatoes after 𝑥 days.

pg. 83
 After how many days will the cost of tomatoes be maximum? What will
be the maximum cost?
ii. When will the cost of tomatoes become Rs.64?

4 The Maths and crafts teachers of a school planned to assign a task to the
students. A paper of area ‘k’ sq.uts was given to each one them and were
asked to make a cylinder closed at one end and open at the other.

i. Find the value of r for which the cylinder has maximum volume.
ii. Find the relation between r and h of the cylinder. Also find the
maximum value.

5 A company was given contract to manufacture two varieties of bulbs A &

B which will be sold at profits of Rs. 60 & Rs. 80 respectively. There was
a condition that sum of squares of the number of bulbs of each type is a
constant k.

pg. 84
 i) What is the ratio of production of 2 bulbs for maximum profit?
ii) What is the maximum profit if k = 100?

6 To honor the scientists associated with the success of chandrayaan-3, A

school management decided to felicitate them. The students were asked
to stand in a path governed by y = x 2. The scientists would be asked to
move in a vehicle waving at the children along the path y = x – 2.

i) A student nearest to their path was given an opportunity to garland

the
dignitaries. Where on the curve does the student stand?
ii) What is the distance of the student from the line?

7 To reduce global warming environmentalists and scientists came up with

an innovative idea of developing a spherical bulb that would absorb
harmful gases and thereby reduce global warming.But during the process
of absorption the bulb would get inflated and it’s radius would
beincreasing at 1cm/sec.

pg. 85
 i) Find the rate at which the volume increases when radius is 6 cm.
ii) At an instant when volume was increasing at the rate of 400πcm3/sec
find the rate at which it’s surface area is increasing?

8 An Aero plane is flying with a velocity of 300m/sec at an altitude of 1 km

from the Earth’s surface.

𝑑𝑥
i) Find an expression for in terms of θ, where θ is the angle of elevation
𝑑𝑡
of the aeroplane from the bottom of the control tower and x is the
horizontal distance between the aeroplane and the control tower.
ii) Find the rate at which the angle of elevation of the Aeroplane changes
from the control tower at an instant when the horizontal distance of the
plane is 500m from it.

9 A cylindrical tank of fixed volume of 144Π m3 is to be constructed with

an open top to throw all the garbage in an orphanage. The manager of the
orphanage called a contractor for the construction ensure that a tank to
dispose off biodegradable waste can be constructed at a minimum cost.

pg. 86
 i) Find the cost of the least expensive tank that can be constructed if it
costs Rs. 80 per sq. m for base and Rs. 120 per sq. m for walls
ii) Find the radius and height as well.

10 An insect moves in a straight line to escape from a predator such that the
distances travelled by the insect and its predator in time t ( in seconds )
are given by
s = t3 – 7t2 + 15t + 1 and
s = t 4 + t 3 + 4 t + 10 respectively.
i) What were their initial velocities?
ii) After how many seconds will the predator be able to catch up the prey
if initially it was behind it by 120m?

ANSWERS

1 f ʹ (x) = x2 – 8x + 15

For critical points, f ʹ (x ) = 0

x2 – 8x + 15= 0
x = 3, x= 5
In (0, 3), f ʹ (x) ˃ 0 and in (3, 5) f ʹ (x) < 0
By first derivative test f has maxima at x = 3

pg. 87
 ii) when x > 5, f ʹ (x) > 0
f is Strictly decreasing in (3, 5) ---- lean patch

2 i) Given V = 256 m3,

l 2 h = 256
256
h = 2
𝑙
2
S = l + 4 lh
256
S = l 2 + 4l X 2 = f ( l )
𝑙
1024
f ʹ ( l ) = 2l - 2
𝑙
for critical points, f ʹ ( l ) = 0
so we get l = 8m
by second derivative test f has minima at l = 8m as fʹʹ( I ) > 0
256
ii ) h = 2
𝑙
so h = 4m
S = f (8)
= 192 m2

3 f(x)= 18x- 1 𝑥 2
2

f ‘(x)=18-x
for critical points, f ‘(x)=0
x= 18
f ‘’(x)= -1<0
f ‘’(18)= -1<0
by second derivative test
f has maxima at x= 18
1
maximum cost = 18 x 18 – 𝑥 2
2
= Rs. 162
1
ii) 18x- 𝑥 2 = 64
2
36x- x2 =128
X2-36x+128= 0
X= 4.

4 1. 2πrh + πr2 = k

h= k-𝜋𝑟 2 /2 πr
v = πr2h
= πr2(k-πr2/ 2πr)
V= f(r)= ½(kr- πr3)
f ‘(r) = ½(k-3πr2)

pg. 88
 f’(r)= 0
r= √𝑘/3π
f ‘’(r) = - 3πr
f’’(√𝑘/3π) = -3 π√𝑘/3π < 0
by second derivative test,
f has local max at r=√𝑘/3π
ii) h=(3πr2- πr2)/ 2πr
h = 2πr2/2πr
h= r

5 1. let A & B variety bulbs be x & y respectively.

X2+y2 = k
Y=√(𝑘 − 𝑥2)
Profit= 60x + 80y
f(x) = 60x + 80 √(𝑘 − 𝑥2)
f’(x)= 0
25x2 = 9k
3
X = √k
5
f’’(x) = -80(2k/ 2(k-x2)3/2) < 0
3
f has max at x = √k
5
4
y = √k
5
x: y= 3:4
3 4
ii) profit= 60 x x 10+80 x x 10
5 5
= R1000

6 1. let points on y = x2 be A=(t, t2)

X–Y–2=0
distance = Ι t – t2 – 2 Ι/ √2
f(t)= |(t – 𝑡 2 – 2) |/ √2
f’(t)= (2t-1)/ √2
f’(t)= 0
t= ½
f’’(t)= 2/√2
f’’(1/2) = √2 > 0
f has min at t= ½
∴ A = (1/2 ,1/4)
ii) distance = ((½)2 – ½ + 2 )/ √2
7
= units.
4√2

pg. 89
7 𝑑𝑟
- = 1cm/sec
𝑑𝑡

i) V = 4/3πr3
dv/dt = 4 πr2dr/dt
(dv/dt)r=6 = 4 π 36 x 1
= 144 π cm3/sec
ii) Given dv/dt = 400 π
4 πr2dr/dt = 400 π
r= 10 cm
s= 4 πr2
ds/dt = 8 πr dr/dt
(ds/dt)r=10 = 8 π x 10 x 1
= 80 π cm2/sec

1000m

𝑑𝑥
= 300m/sec
𝑑𝑡
1000
tanθ =
𝑥
x= 1000 cotθ
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝜃
= - 1000 cosec2θ
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
ii) when x = 500
tanθ = 2
cotθ= ½ ,cosecθ= √(5/4)
𝑑𝑥 5 𝑑𝜃
∴ = 1000 x x ( when x = 500 m )
𝑑𝑡 4 𝑑𝑡
300 𝑑𝜃
=
−1250 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜃 −6 𝑟𝑎𝑑
=
𝑑𝑡 25 𝑠𝑒𝑐

9 Πr2h = 144Π
144
h= 2
𝑟
Area = Πr2 + 2Πrh
Cost = 80 X Πr2 + 120 X 2Πrh
144
Substituting h = 2
𝑟

pg. 90
 Cost = f ( r )
34560𝛱
= 80 X Πr2 +
𝑟
34560𝛱
f ʹ ( r ) = 160 Πr -
𝑟2
for critical points f ʹ ( r ) = 0,
we get r = 6m
69120𝛱
f ʹʹ ( r ) = 160Π + > 0 for r = 6
𝑟3
so by second derivative test,
cost is minimum at r = 6m
minimum cost = f ( 6 )
= Rs. 8640Π

10 i) initial velocities:
𝑑𝑠
Prey ⟶ = 3 t2 – 14t + 15
𝑑𝑡
Initial velocity ( t = 0 ) = 15m/sec
𝑑𝑠
Predator ⟶ = 4 t3 + 3 t2 + 4
𝑑𝑡
Initial velocity ( t = 0 ) = 4m/sec
iii) Let it catch the prey after t seconds,
Difference in distances = 120m
( t4 + t 3 + 4 t + 10 ) – ( t3 – 7t2 + 15t + 1 ) = 120
( t4 + 7t2 - 11 t + 9 = 120
Solving it we get t = 3 seconds

pg. 91
 CHAPTER: INTEGRALS
ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS
In the following question a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason
(R). Pick the correct option:
(a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b)Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d)A is false but R is true.
𝜋
1 Assertion (A): ∫0 cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2
Reason (R) : The function f(x)=cos x is decreasing in [0, 𝜋]
2 𝜋/2
Assertion (A):∫0 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥=1
𝜋
Reason (R): The function cos 2x is decreasing in [0, 2 ]
3 3𝜋⁄
Assertion (A): ∫𝜋⁄ 2 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2
2
𝜋 3𝜋
Reason (R): The function sin x is decreasing in [ 2 , ]
2
3𝜋
4
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫𝜋4, sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥=1
4
𝜋 , 3𝜋
Reason (R): The function sin 2x is decreasing in [ 4 , ]
4
5 𝜋/2
Assertion (A): ∫−𝜋⁄ 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
2
𝑎
Reason(R): ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =0, if f is an odd function
1
2 − 3𝑥
6 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫ log( )𝑑𝑥 = 0
2 + 3𝑥
−1
𝑎
Reason: ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =0, if f is an odd function

7 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶

Reason (R) : ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐶
8 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶
Reason(R) : ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐶
9 1 1 1
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝐶
Reason(R) : ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐶
10 10 √𝑥
Assertion (A): ∫0 𝑑𝑥 = 10
√𝑥+√10−𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
Reason R ) : ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥

11 x−3 ex
Assertion (A): ∫ (x−1)3 ex dx = (x−1)2
+c

Reason (R) : ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (f(x)+𝑓 ′ (x)) dx = 𝑒 𝑥 f(x)+c

pg. 92
 −1
12 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 −1
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶
1+𝑥
−1 𝑥
𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛
Reason (R) : 𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 )= 1+𝑥 2

13 ex
Assertion (A):∫ x+1 [1 + (x + 1) log(x + 1)] dx = ex log(x + 1) + ex + 𝑐

Reason(R) : We have ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (f(x)+ 𝑓 ′ (x)) dx = 𝑒 𝑥 f(x)+c

π
14 1 π
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧(𝐀): ∫02 1+ cotx dx is equal to 2
√
𝑎 𝑎
𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧(R) : ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜋
15 𝜋
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 4
𝑎 𝑎
Reason(R) : ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
16 1

𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫ (𝑥 3 + sin 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 0

−1
17
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫ 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑
Reason (R) : 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 𝑥 )= 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥)

18 𝜋/2
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫−𝜋⁄ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 7 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
2
𝑎
Reason(R) : ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =0, if f is an odd function

19 𝑥 1
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫ √1 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 √1 − 𝑥 2 +2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥) + 𝑐
𝑑 𝑥 1
Reason(R) : 𝑑𝑥 (2 √1 − 𝑥 2 +2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥) + 𝑐) = √1 − 𝑥 2

20 1/2
2 − 3𝑥
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫ cos 𝑥. log( )𝑑𝑥 = 0
2 + 3𝑥
−1/2
𝑎
Reason(R) : ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =0, if f is an odd function
21 1
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫−1 𝑥|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥= 2/3 sq. units
𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓𝑥 ≥ 0
Reason(R) : |𝑥|={
−𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
22 1
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝐀): ∫−1|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 =1 sq. units
Reason(R) :the derivative of modulus function f(x)= |𝑥|does not exist at 0
23 𝑥6
Assertion(A): ∫ 𝑒 5𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑥 is equals to +𝑐
6

Reason(R) : We have ∫ 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 = x

1
24 Assertion(A): ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 3 𝑒 𝑥 3 + 𝑐

Reason(R) : ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 dx =𝑒 𝑥 +c
25 d 1
Assertion(A): dx (f(x)) = logx, then f(x) = +𝑐
x

pg. 93
 Reason(R) : ∫ f(x)g(x)dx = f(x) ∫ g(x)dx − ∫[f ′ (x)∫ g(x)dx]dx
26 x−3 ex
Assertion(A): ∫ (x−1)3 ex dx is equal to (x−1)2
+c

Reason(R): We have ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (f(x)+f ‘(x)) dx = 𝑒 𝑥 f(x)+c

27 tanx−1 π
Assertion (A): Anti derivative of tanx+1 with respect to x is log |sec ( 4 − x)| + c

Reason(R) : ∫ tanxdx = log|secx|+c

28 ex (1+x)
Assertion(A):∫ cos2(xex ) dx is equal to tan(xex ) + c

Reason(R) : ∫ sec 2 xdx = tanx + c

29 dx 1 3x
Assertion(A): ∫ 16+9x2 is equal to 3 tan−1 ( 4 ) + c
dx 1 x
Reason(R) : ∫ x2 +a2 = a tan−1 (a) + c
π
30
Assertion(A):∫ sin7 xdx = 0
2
−π
2
a
Reason(R):∫−a f(x)dx = 0 if f is an odd function
31 5
Assertion(A):∫−5|x + 2| dx = 29
b c b
Reason(R): ∫a f(x)dx = ∫a f(x)dx + ∫c f(x)dx
𝑎
32 Assertion(A): If the value of ∫0 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 8 then the value of ‘a’ is 2
𝑥 𝑛+1
Reason(R): ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +c
𝑛+1

32(a) Assertion(A): ∫ sec 2 (7-4x) dx = a tan(7-4x) +c then the value of a is−1

4
𝐹(𝑎𝑥+𝑏)
Reasoning(R): ∫ 𝑓(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑑𝑥 = +c
𝑎

33 1 1 3
Assertion(A): ∫ √4−9𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 =3sin-1(ax)+c, then a is2
1
Reason(R) : ∫ √𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 =sin-1(x/a) +c
−𝑥2

34 3 𝑥 1
𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧(𝐀): 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ∫2 dx is equals to 2 log2
𝑥 2 +1
𝑥 𝑛+1
Reasoning(R): ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +c
𝑛+1
𝜋
35
Assertion(A):∫02 √1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 dx = 2
𝑑𝑥 1
Reasoning(R): ∫ 𝑥 2 +𝑎2 = 𝑎 tan-1(x/a) +c

36 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2 (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)3
Assertion(A):∫ 𝑑𝑥 = +𝑐
𝑥 3
1
Reason(R): ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =logx+c

pg. 94
 INTEGRALS- ANSWERS
ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS
1 Ans:b)
Solution:
𝜋 𝜋⁄ 𝜋
2 cos 𝑥
∫0 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 +|∫𝜋⁄ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 |
2
𝜋⁄
𝜋
= sin x]0 2 + |sin x]𝜋⁄ | =1+1=2
2

2 Ans:b)
𝜋/2
Solution: ∫0 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 =
𝜋⁄ 𝜋/2
∫0 4 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +|∫𝜋⁄ cos2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥|
4
1 𝜋⁄ 1 𝜋/2
4
=2 sin 2x]0 + |2 sin2 x]𝜋⁄ |
4
1 1
=2+2=1 sq. units

3 Ans:b)
Solution:
3𝜋⁄
2

∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋⁄
2
𝜋 3𝜋/2
= ∫𝜋⁄ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +|∫𝜋 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 |
2
3𝜋/2
=−cos x]𝜋𝜋⁄ + |−cos x]𝜋 |
2
=1+1=2
4 Ans:b)
𝜋⁄ 3𝜋
𝜋/2 2 4
∫0 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝜋 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 +|∫𝜋⁄ sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 |
4 2
−1 𝜋⁄ −1
2 3𝜋/4
= 2 cos 2x]𝜋 + | 2 cos2 x]𝜋⁄ |
4 2
1 1
=2+2=1 sq. units

5 Ans:a)
Solution: Let f(x) = sin7x
f(-x) = sin7(-x) = -sin7x = -f(x)
So, f is an odd function
a
By property ∫−a f(x)dx = 0 if f(x)is odd function is true
Ans:a)
6 Solution
2−3𝑥
f(x) = log(2+3𝑥)
2+3𝑥
f(-x) = log(2−3𝑥)
2−3𝑥
= log(2+3𝑥)−1

pg. 95
 2−3𝑥
=- log(2+3𝑥)
=-f(x)
So, f is an odd function
Ans: a)
7 f(x)= = − cos 𝑥 and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = sin 𝑥
8 Ans:d)
f(x)= = cos 𝑥 and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − sin 𝑥
9 1 1
Ans:a) f(x)= 𝑥 and 𝑓′(𝑥) = − 𝑥 2
10 Ans:d)
10
√𝑥
I =∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 + √10 − 𝑥
0
10 √10−𝑥
I = ∫0 𝑑𝑥(By property)
√10−𝑥+√𝑥
10
Adding,2I = ∫0 1𝑑𝑥 =10
Hence, I =5 sq.units

11 Ans. a)
𝑥−3 𝑥−1−2
Solution: ∫ (𝑥−1)3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥−1)3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 2
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 [(𝑥−1)2 − ]dx
(𝑥−1)3

𝑒𝑥
= (𝑥−1)2 + 𝑐(𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (f(x)+𝑓 ′ (x)) dx = 𝑒 𝑥 f(x)+c

12 Ans:a)
Integration is the inverse process of differentiation

13 Answer is d
𝑒𝑥 1
Solution: ∫ 𝑥+1 [1 + (𝑥 + 1) log(𝑥 + 1)] 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1+log(x+1)) dx

= 𝑒 𝑥 log(x+1) +c( 𝑏𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (f(x)+𝑓 ′ (x)) dx = 𝑒 𝑥 f(x)+c

Hence Assertion is wrong and Reasoning is correct.
14 Answer is d
π
1
Solution: Let I = ∫02 dx …… (1)
1+√cotx
a a
By applying the Property ∫0 f(x)dx = ∫0 f(a − x)dx
π
1
We get I = ∫02 1+ dx ……… (2)
√tanx
𝜋
𝜋
By adding (1) and (2) we get 2I = ∫02 𝑑𝑥 =2
𝜋
I = 4 , Hence Assertion is wrong and Reasoning is Correct
15 Ans:a)
𝜋
I = ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

pg. 96
 𝜋
𝜋 𝑎 𝑎
=∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( 2 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (by property ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 )
𝜋
I = ∫02 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Adding,
𝜋
I+I= ∫02 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝜋
=∫02 1𝑑𝑥= 2
𝜋
∴I = 4 Sq. units
𝑎
16 Reason (R) : ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 =0, if f is an odd function
Ans:a)
f(x) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
f(-x) = (−𝑥)3 + sin(−𝑥)
= −𝑥 3 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
= -f(x)
Hence f is an odd function
17 Ans:a)
y = 𝑥𝑥
log y = x.log x
differentiating w.r.t x,
1 𝑑𝑦
= 1 + log 𝑥)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∴ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦(1 + log 𝑥)
= 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + log 𝑥)
18 Ans:d)
Let f(x) = cos7x
f(-x) = cos7(-x) = (cos(-x))7 = cosx7 =f(x)
So, f is not an odd function
a
By property ∫−a f(x)dx = 0 if f is odd function ……..is true
Ans:a)
19 𝑑 𝑥 1
( √1 − 𝑥 2 +2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑥) + 𝑐)
𝑑𝑥 2
−𝑥 2 1 1
= +2 √1 − 𝑥 2 +
2√1−𝑥 2 2√1−𝑥2
1−𝑥 2 1
= + √1 − 𝑥 2
2√1−𝑥2 2
√1−𝑥 2 1
= + √1 − 𝑥 2 = √1 − 𝑥 2
2 2
20 Ans:a)
2−3𝑥
f(x) = cosx. log(2+3𝑥)
2+3𝑥
f(-x) = cos(-x). log(2−3𝑥)
2+3𝑥
= cos 𝑥. log(2−3𝑥)−1
2+3𝑥
= cosx.−𝑙𝑜𝑔(2−3𝑥)
= -f(x). hence f is an odd function

pg. 97
21 Ans:b)
1 0 1 2
∫−1 𝑥|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥 =|∫−1 −𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥| + ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3

22 Ans b)
0 1 1 1
∫−1 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =2 +2=1

23 Answer is: a)
5 𝑥6
Solution: ∫ 𝑒 5𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 5 dx = +𝑐
6

So, option a) is true

24 Answer is: a)
Solution: Let x3 = t,3x2dx = dt, x2dx =dt
3 1 1 3
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑡 +c =3 𝑒 𝑥 +c

So,option a) is true
25 Answer is :d)
d
Solution: We know that dx (f(x)) = logx, then f(x) = ∫ logxdx

Using by parts, taking f(x) = logx, g(x) = 1

1
= logx∫ 𝑑𝑥-∫[𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑥]dx

=xlogx-x+c
26 Answer is a
𝑥−3 𝑥−1−2
Solution: ∫ (𝑥−1)3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ (𝑥−1)3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 2
=∫ 𝑒 𝑥 [(𝑥−1)2 − ]dx
(𝑥−1)3

( It is of the form ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (f(x)+f ‘(x)) dx)

𝑒𝑥
= (𝑥−1)2 + 𝑐

27 Answer: d
tanx−1 tanx−1
Solution: Anti derivative of tanx+1 with respect to x is equals to ∫ tanx+1 dx

pg. 98
 tanx−1 π π
∫ tanx+1 dx = -∫ tan( 4 − x)dx = - log |sec (4 − x)| + c

Hence Assertion is Wrong and Reasoning is Correct.

28 Answer is a
Solution: By substitution method Let x ex = t
By differentiating with respect to x we get ex (1 + x)dx = dt
Therefore ∫ sec 2 tdt = tant+c =tan (x ex) +c
29 Answer is d
dx 1 dx
Solution: ∫ 16+9x2 = 9 ∫ 16
+x2
9

dx 1 x
Using the formula ∫ x2 +a2 = a tan−1 (a) + c
1 3x
= 12 tan−1 ( 4 ) + c

Hence the Assertion is Wrong and Reason is correct

30 Answer is a
Solution: Let f(x) = sin7x
f(-x) = sin7(-x) = -sin7x = -f(x)
So, f is an odd function
a
By property ∫−a f(x)dx = 0 if f is odd function
31 Answer is a
x + 2 , if x ≥ −2
Solution: f(x) = |x + 2| = {
−x − 2, if x < −2
b c b
So, by property ∫a f(x)dx = ∫a f(x)dx + ∫c f(x)dx
5 −2 5
∫−5|x + 2| dx=∫−5 (x + 2)dx+∫−2(−x − 2)dx
On integrating and substituting limits we get 29
32 Answer is a
𝑎 𝑥3
Solution: ∫0 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 8 implies that [3 ]a0 =8
3

a3 = 8 implies that a = 2
Hence the option a is correct.
32(a) Answer is a
−1
Solution: Let 7-4x = t, dx = dt
4
1 −1
∫ sec 2 𝑡 dt = a tan t +c =- 4 tan(7-4x) +c then a = 4

33 Answer is a

pg. 99
 1 1 1 1 3
Solution: ∫ √4−9𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3 ∫ 4
𝑑𝑥 = 3sin-1(2x) +c Using the formula
√ −𝑥 2
9

1
∫ √𝑎2 −𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 =sin-1(x/a) +c
3
On comparing we get a = 2

34 Answer is b
Solution: Let x2+1 = t,2xdx = dt
10 1 1 1
Therefore ∫5 dt =2log2, using ∫ 𝑥dx =logx+c
𝑡

Hence Reasoning is not the correct explanation of Assertion

35 Answer is b
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑥
Solution: ∫02 √1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 dx = √2 ∫02 cos (2) 𝑑𝑥 =√2[sin(x/2)] 2 = 2
0
So, Statement A is Correct
Also, R is correct but R does not give correct explanation to A.
36 Answer is b
Solution: In Assertion Let logx =t implies that 1/x dx = dt
(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)3
Therefore,∫ 𝑡 2 dt =t3/3 +c = +𝑐
3

So, Statement A is Correct

Also, R is correct but R does not give correct explanation to A

INTEGRALS- CASE STUDY/ SOURCE-BASED INTEGRATED QUESTIONS

1 The given integral ∫ f(x)dx can be transformed into another form by changing the
independent variable x to t by substituting x = g(t)
Consider I =∫ f(x)dx
dx
Put x = g(t), = g’(t) we write dx = g’(t)dt
dt

Thus I = ∫ f(g(t))g ′ (t)dt

This change of variable is very important tools available to us in the name of
integration by substitution
Based on the above information answer the following questions
Evaluate ∫ 2xsin(x 2 + 2)dx
(i) To evaluate the above question which quantity we assume as another new
variable.
(ii) Solve the given question using fundamental integrals.

pg. 100
2 Let f be a continuous and differentiable function defined in a closed interval [a, b]
and F be an anti-derivative of f then
b
∫a f(x)dx = [ F(x)+c]ab = F(b)-F(a) called definite integral

It is very useful because it gives us a method of calculating the definite integral

more easily. There is no need to keep integration constant as it gets cancel by
substituting the upper limit and lower limit
Based on the above information answer the following:
3 xdx
Evaluate ∫2 1+x2

(i) Which technique you will use to evaluate the integral

(ii) What is the value of definite integral

3 The rational functions which we shall consider for integration purposes will those
denominators can be factorized in to linear and quadratic factors. Assume that we
p(x) p(x)
want to evaluate ∫ q(x) dx where is a proper rational function. It is always
q(x)
possible to write the integrand as a sum of simpler rational functions by a method
called partial fraction decomposition. After this the integration can be carried out
easily using the already known methods.
px+q
If the rational function is of the form (x−a)(x−b) then we write the partial fraction is
A B
of the form x−a +x−a Where A and B are to be determined

Based on the above information answer the following:

dx
Evaluate ∫ (x+1)(x+2)

(i) Whate are the values of A and B when we use partial fractions
(ii) After finding the values of A and B how will you evaluate
integral and write the final answer

4 The rational functions which we shall consider for integration purposes will those
denominators can be factorized in to linear and quadratic factors. Assume that we
p(x) p(x)
want to evaluate ∫ q(x) dx where is a proper rational function. It is always
q(x)
possible to write the integrand as a sum of simpler rational functions by a method
called partial fraction decomposition. After this the integration can be carried out
easily using the already known methods.
px+q
If the rational function is of the form (x2 +a)(x+b) then we write the partial fraction is
Ax+B C
of the form +x−b Where A, B and C are to be determined
x2 +a

Based on the above information answer the following

pg. 101
 (x2 +x+1)dx
Evaluate ∫ (x2 +1)(x+2)

(i) Whate are the values of A, B and C when we use partial fractions
(ii) After finding the values of A, B and C how will you evaluate the
integral and write the final answer

5 We have I = ∫ ex (f(x) + f ′ (x))dx = ∫ ex (f(x))dx + ∫ ex (f ′ (x))dx

= I1+∫ ex (f ′ (x))dx where I1+∫ ex (f(x))dx ……. (1)

Taking f(x) as first function and ex as second function in I1 and using integrating it
by parts, we have I1 = f(x)ex -∫ ex (f ′ (x))dx + c

Substituting I1 in (1) we get I = f(x)ex -∫ ex (f ′ (x))dx +∫ ex (f ′ (x))dx = f(x)ex +C

Thus ∫ ex (f(x) + f ′ (x))dx = f(x)ex +C

Based on the above information answer the following

(i) Express the integral ∫ ex secx(1 + tanx)dx in the form
∫ ex (f(x) + f ′ (x))dx
(ii) What is f(x) and f’(x)
(iii) What is the final answer

ANSWERS
INTEGRALS- CASE STUDY/ SOURCE-BASED INTEGRATED QUESTIONS

1 Evaluate ∫ 2𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 2 + 2)𝑑𝑥

(i) Let x2+2 = t,
(ii) differentiate with respect to t
We get 2xdx = dt, Evaluate 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑑𝑡
=- cost +c = -cos(x2+2)+c

2 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Evaluate ∫2 1+𝑥 2

(i) Using substitution method Let x2+2 = t,

(ii) differentiate with respect to t
1 3 𝑑𝑡
We get 2xdx = dt, 2 ∫2 = logt +c
𝑡

= [log(1+x2)]23 = log10-log5 = log2

(iii) log2

pg. 102
3 dx
Evaluate ∫
(x+1)(x+2)

1
(i) Since it is a proper fraction, we can write partial fraction (x+1)(x+2) =
A B
+x+2 , After taking L.C.M and simplifying we get
x+1

1 = A(x+2) +B(x+1), On comparing we get A+B =0,2A+B =1

On solving these equations, we get A = 1 and B = -1)
(ii) A = 1 and B = -1
dx 1 1 x+1
Therefore ∫ (x+1)(x+2) = ∫ x+1 dx − ∫ x+2 dx =log(x+1) – log (x+2) =logx+2 +c

4 (x2 +x+1)dx
Evaluate ∫ (x2 +1)(x+2)

(x2 +x+1)
(i) Since it is a proper fraction, we can write partial fraction =
(x2 +1)(x+2)
Ax+B C
+x+2 After taking L.C.M and simplifying we get
x2 +1

X2+x+1 = (Ax+B) (x+2) +C(x2+1), On comparing we get A+B =1,2B+C=1,

A+2C =1
On solving these equations, we get A = 3/5 and B = 2/5 and C = 1/5
(ii) A = 3/5 and B = 2/5 and C = 1/5
3x 2
(x2 +x+1)dx + 1 3 1 1
Therefore ∫ (x2 +1)(x+2) = ∫ x52 +15 dx + ∫ x+2 dx =5log(x+2) – 5log (x2+1) + tan-
5
1
x+c

5 Evaluate ∫ ex secx(1 + tanx)dx

(i) ∫ ex (secx + tanxsecx)dx
(ii) F(x) = secx and f’(x) = secxtanx
(iii) exsecx+c

pg. 103
 CHAPTER: PROBABILITY
ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement

of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

1 Assertion (A) : Let A and B are independent events. If P(A) = 0.2 and P(B) = 0.1
then P(A∩B) = 0.02

Reason (R): For independent events A and B, P(A∩B) = P(A) x P(B)

2 Assertion (A) : Let A and B are independent events. If P(A) = 0.4 , P(B) = p and
P(A∪B) = 0.6, then 3p = 1
Reason (R): For independent events A and B, P(A∩B) ≠ P(A) x P(B)

3. Assertion (A) : Let A and B are independent events. If P(A) = p , P(B) = 2p and
5 3
P(Exactly one of A,B) = 9, then p = 5 .
1 5
Reason (R): The value of p = 3 , 12

4
Assertion (A) : Let A and 𝐵̅ are independent events then, P(𝐴̅ ∪ 𝐵) = 1 – P(A)
P(𝐵̅ )
Reason (R): P(𝐴̅ ∪ 𝐵) = P(A ∩ 𝐵̅)

5 1
Assertion (A) : Let A and B are mutually exclusive events. If P(A) = 2 , P(B) = p
and
3 1
P(A∪B) = 5 , then p = 5
Reason (R): For mutually exclusive events A and B, P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B)

6 Assertion (A) : If A and B are any two events such that P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B) =
P(A), then P(𝐴⁄𝐵 ) = 1
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
Reason (R): For any two events A and B, P(𝐵⁄𝐴) = .
𝑃(𝐴)

7 4
Assertion (A): Given that the probability of ‘Ajay’ speaks truth is 5. When a die
is thrown once Ajay reports that 6 appears, then the probability that actually there
4
was actually 6 appeared is11.

Reason (R): Two events are independent then

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵)

pg. 163
 8 5
Assertion (A) : If A and B are any two events such that 2P(A) = P(B) = 13, and
2 11
P(𝐴⁄𝐵 ) = 5 then P(A∪B) = 26
Reason (R): For any two events A and B, P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B)

Assertion (A) : A die is thrown. If E is the event the number appearing is a multiple
9
of 3 and F be the event the number appearing is even. The events E and Fare not
independent.
Reason (R): Two events E and F are independent then P(E∩ 𝐹) = P(E) . P(F).

Assertion (A) : A speaks truth in 60% of the cases, while B in 90% of the cases.
10
Then the percent of cases are they likely to contradict each other in stating the
21
same fact is 50
Reason (R): A and B are two independent events, then the probability of
occurrence of at least one of A and B is 1 - 𝑃(𝐴̅)𝑃(𝐵̅ )

Assertion (A) : A die is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is
11
observed to be 6. Then the probability that the number 4 has appeared at least
2
once is 5 .
𝑃(𝐸∩𝐹)
Reason (R): E and F are any two events, then P(𝐸⁄𝐹 ) = 𝑃(𝐹) .

Assertion (A) : For any two events A and B, if P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.5 and
12 2
P(𝐴⁄𝐵 ) = 0.4, then P(𝐵⁄𝐴) = 5
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
Reason (R): For any two events A and B, P(𝐵⁄𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴)

13 Assertion (A) : A and B are mutually exclusive events then P(𝐴⁄𝐵 ) = 0

Reason (R): A and B are mutually exclusive events then A∩B = { }

2 1 5
14 Assertion (A) : If P(A) = 3 , P(B) = 2 and P(A∪B) = 6 , then the events A and B
are independent.
Reason (R): Events A and B are independent then P(A∪B) = P(A) x P(B)

Assertion (A) In answering an MCQ Test a student either knows the answer or
15 3 1
guesses. Let the probability that he knows answer is 4 and that of he guesses is4.
1
Assume that a student guesses the answer will be correct with probability4. Then
12
the probability that he knows the answer given that he answered it correctly is13.

Reason (R): The probability of a sure event is 1

Assertion (A) : The mean of a number obtained in throwing a die having

16
1 on
3 on three faces ,2 on two faces and 5 on one face is 2.

Reason (R) : Mean is also called Average, Expectation or Expected value as E

pg. 164
17
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X) C 2C 2C 3C C2 2C 2 7C 2+ C
1
Assertion (A) : Value of C is 10

Reason (R): Using the formula ∑ 𝑃𝑖 =1,

Assertion (A): The Mean number of tails in three throws of a coin is 1.5
18
Reason (R) : The mean of probability distribution is ∑(𝑥𝑖 𝑝𝑖 )

Assertion (A) : A Random variable X can take the values 0,1,2 and
19
P( X=0 ) = P (X =1 ) = P.

Reason (R): E( X ) = E( X 2 ) =1/2

E (x ) =∑ 𝑥 𝑝(𝑥) , and E (x 2 ) =∑(𝑥 2 𝑝 (𝑥 ))

𝐴 ̅
20 Assertion (A) : For any two events A and B , 𝑃 ( ̅ ) = 5/8 , given P ( 𝐴̅ ) = ½
𝐵
P ( 𝐵̅ ) =2/3 and P ( A ∩ 𝐵 ) =1/4.

Reason (R) : A and B are independent events.

Assertion (A) Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets a composite number, she
21
tosses a coin two times, otherwise she tosses a coin only once. If she gets exactly
one head then the probability that she does not get a composite number in the
2
throw of a die is 3 .

Reason (R): The Sample Space of the above experiment is 𝑆 =

{1𝐻, 1𝑇, 2𝐻, 2𝑇, 3𝐻, 3𝑇, 5𝐻, 5𝑇, 4𝐻𝐻, 4𝐻𝑇, 4𝑇𝐻, 4𝑇𝑇, 6𝐻𝐻, 6𝐻𝑇, 6𝑇𝐻, 6𝑇𝑇}

Assertion (A): If the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of another
22
event ,they are Independent events.

Reason (R) : P ( A ∩ 𝐵 ) = P ( A ) P ( B ).
Assertion (A): The probability distribution of a random variable is given below
23
and value of k is 1 / 32.

X 2 3 4 5
P(X ) 5/k 7/k 9/k 11/ k
Reason (R) : Using the formula ∑ 𝑃𝑖 =1.

Assertion (A): The Probability of getting an even number on the die and a spade
24
card in a single event of throwing a die and selecting a card is 1 /8.
Reason (R); Both are not independent events.

Assertion (A): Mean of getting sixes in throwing pair of dice simultaneously is

25
1 /3
Reason (R); 0 ≤ 𝑃 (𝑋 ) ≤ 1

pg. 165
 Assertion (A): Probability of drawing four kings , provided they are drawn
26 1
successively from a deck of 52 cards is
270721
𝐴 𝐶 𝐷
Reason (R): P ( A ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 ∩ 𝐷 ) = 𝑃 (𝐴 ) × 𝑃 (𝐵 ) × 𝑃 (𝐴∩𝐵) × 𝑃 (𝐴∩𝐵∩𝐶)

ANSWERS
1 Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
P(A∩B) = P(A) x P(B) = 0.2 x 0.1 = 0.02

2 Answer: A is true but R is false.

P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B)
= P(A) + P(B) - P(A) x P(B)
0.6 = 0.4 + p - 0.4 p
1
p=3
3p =1
3 Answer: (d) A is false but R is true.
5
p(1-2p)+(1-p)(2p) = 9
1 5
p = 3 , 12

4 Answer: A is true but R is false.

P(𝐴̅ ∪ 𝐵) = 1 - P(A ∩ 𝐵̅) = 1 – P(A) P(𝐵̅ )
( since A and 𝐵̅ are independent )

5 Answer: (d) A is false but R is true.

P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B)
3 1
= + 𝑝
5 2
1
P = 10

6 Answer: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B) = P(A)
P(B) – P(A∩B) = 0
P(B) = P(A∩B)
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
=1
𝑃(𝐵)
P(𝐴⁄𝐵 ) = 1

7 𝐸1 → 𝐴𝑗𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡ℎ; 𝐸2 → 𝐴𝑗𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡ℎ

𝐴 → 𝐴𝑗𝑎𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑠 6 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝑃(𝐴/𝐸1 ) 𝑃(𝐸1 )
𝑃(𝐸1 /𝐴) =
𝑃(𝐴/𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐴/𝐸2 ) 𝑃(𝐸2 )

pg. 166
 1 4
6×5 =
4
1 4 5 1 11
6×5+6×5

Assertion is true
Reason is also true but it is not the correct reason. So the answer is (b)
8 Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
2
P(𝐴⁄𝐵 ) = 5
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 2
=5
𝑃(𝐵)
2
P(A∩B) = 13.
P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B)
5 5 2
= 26 + 13 - 13
11
= 26

9 Answer: (d) A is false but R is true.

1 1 1
P(E) = 3 , P(F) = 2 , P(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 6 .
1
P(E).P(F) = 6
E and F are independent
10 Answer: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
̅ ∩ B)
Required probability = P(A ∩ 𝐵̅) + P(A
6 1 4 9
= × + ×
10 10 10 10
6 36 42 21
= 100 + 100 = = 50
100

11 Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
E : number 4 appears at least once
F : sum of the numbers appearing is 6
𝑃(𝐸∩𝐹)
P(𝐸⁄𝐹 ) = 𝑃(𝐹) .
2
36 2
= 5 =5.
36

12 Answer: A is false but R is true.

𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
P(𝐴⁄𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝐵)
P(A∩B) = 0.2
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 0.2 2
P(𝐵⁄𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3 = 3

13 Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 0
P(𝐴⁄𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵) = 0

14 Answer: (c) A is true but R is false.

P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B)
1
P(A∩B) = 3

pg. 167
 1
P(A) x P(B) = 3
P(A∩B) = P(A) x P(B).

15 𝐸1 → 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟; 𝐸2 → 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝐴 → 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦
𝑃(𝐴/𝐸1 ) 𝑃(𝐸1 )
𝑃(𝐸1 /𝐴) =
𝑃(𝐴/𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐴/𝐸2 ) 𝑃(𝐸2 )

3
1× 12
4
= 3 1 1 =
1× + × 13
4 4 4

Assertion is true
Reason is also true and it is the correct reason. So the answer is (a)
16 (b)

X 1 2 5
P(x ) 3/6 2/6 1/6
(3+4+5)
Mean =∑ 𝑥 𝑝(𝑥) = = 12/6 =2
6

17 (a )
formula ∑ 𝑃𝑖 =1, so 9C + 10 C 2 =1 , 10C 2 + 9C -1 =0
10 C( C +1 ) – 1 ( C + 1 ) =0, ( 10C -1 ) ( C + 1 ) =0
( C +1 ) ≠ 0. ( 10C -1 ) =0 GIVES C =1/10

18 (a )

x 0 1 2 3
P(x ) 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8
0+3+6+3
Mean = = 12 / 8 = 3/2 =1.5
8

19 (a )
X 0 1 2
P(X ) P P 1-2P
2 2
E (x ) =∑ 𝑥 𝑝(𝑥) = E (x ) =∑(𝑥 𝑝 (𝑥 ))
P + 2 -4P = P + 4 – 8P, 4P=2. P=1/2

20 (c)
𝐴̅ 𝑝 ( 𝐴̅∩𝐵̅ ) (1−𝑃(𝐴∪𝐵) (1−(𝑃(𝐴 )+𝑃(𝐵)−𝑃 (𝐴∩𝐵)))
𝑃 (𝐵̅) = = ̅̅̅̅̅̅ = ̅̅̅̅ =
𝑃(𝐵̅) 𝑃(𝐵) 𝑃(𝐵)
1 2 1
(𝑃(𝐴̅)− {1−𝑃( 𝐵̅)}+𝑃 ( 𝐴 ∩𝐵)) ( − (1− )+ ) 5 3
2 3 4
= 2 = (12 × 2) =5/8
𝑃 (𝐵̅ )
3

21 𝐸1 → 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟; 𝐸2 → 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝐴 → 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦

pg. 168
 𝑃(𝐴/𝐸1 ) 𝑃(𝐸1 )
𝑃(𝐸1 /𝐴) =
𝑃(𝐴/𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐴/𝐸2 ) 𝑃(𝐸2 )

3
1× 12
4
= 3 1 1 =
1× + × 13
4 4 4

Assertion is true
Reason is also true and it is the correct reason. So the answer is (a)
22 (a)

23 32
( d ) Using the formula ∑ 𝑃𝑖 =1, ( 𝑘 ) =1 , k =32.

24 (c )
P( A) be the probability of getting even number is 3/6 =1/2
P(B )be the probability of getting spade is 13/52 = ¼
P ( A∩ 𝐵 ) = P (A ) P (B ) = 1/8
25
(b)
x 0 1 2
P(x ) 25/36 10/36 1/36
E(x ) = ∑ 𝑥 𝑝(𝑥) = 12/36 = 1/3
26 (d )
4 3 2 1 1
× × × =
52 51 50 49 270725

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

1
In a bilateral hockey series of two matches between the countries India and Germany the
1 1 3
probabilities of India Winning, Losing and Drawing are 2 , 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10 resply. Each win, draw
and loss gives the points 2, 1, 0 respectively to the team. Let X and Y denote total points
scored by India and Germany after two games series.

pg. 169
 Based on the above information answer the following questions:

(i) Write the probability distribution of X.

(ii) Find the probability of India winning the series

(iii) What is the probability of India drawing the series?

2.
A coach is training 3 players. He observes that the player A can hit a target 4 times in 5
shots,player B can hit 3 times in 4 shots and the player C can hit 2 times in 3 shots.

Based on the given information, answer the following questions.

(i) Find the probability that A, B and C all will hit the target?
(ii) What is the probability that any two of A, B and C will hit?

3. Two persons A and B decided to play a game by using a die. They decided to throw
the die alternately. They play with the condition that the person who gets 4 first will be
the winner of the game.

Based on the given information, answer the following questions.

(i) A wins the game, if A starts the game first

pg. 170
 (ii) B wins the game, if A starts first.

4. In a play zone, Alina is playing crane game. It has 12 blue soft toys, 8 red
soft toys, 10 yellow soft toys and 5 green soft toys. Alina draws two soft
toys one after the other without replacement.

(i) What is the probability that the first soft toy is blue

and the second is green.

(ii). What is the probability that the first soft toy is green

and the second is not yellow.

5. Arun can detect spam e-mails in his inbox. It is found that the word “offer” occurs in
80% of the spam messages in his account. Also the word “offer” occurs in 10% of his
desired e-mails. If 30% of the received e-mails are considered as spam.

Based on the above information answer the following questions:

(i) He received a new message which contains the word “offer”, what is the probability
that it is a spam mail?
(ii) What is the probability of e-mails received with “offer” word?

6. Husband and wife appear in an interview for two vacancies in the same post.
1 1
The probability of husband’s selection is 7 and that of wife’s selection is 5 .

pg. 171
 Based on the above information, answer the following
questions.

(i) Both of them will be selected

(ii) Only one of them will be selected.
(iii) None of them will be selected. (OR)
At least one of them will be selected

7. A fruit seller purchased Mango fruits from a farmer. The farmer told the vendor that he
used chemical pesticide for 30% of the mango trees and organic pesticide for 70% of the
mango trees during the flowering season to prevent the insects damaging the fruit. 80%
of the flowers, which got chemical pesticide sprinkled, turned into fruits and 90% of the
flowers, which got organic pesticide sprinkled, bore the fruits. Past experience shows
that insects damage 20% of the fruits, sprinkled with chemical pesticide and only 10%
of the fruits, with organic pesticide.

Based on the above information answer the following questions:

(i) A consumer purchased a fruit from that shop and found to be not affected by the
insects. What is the probability that the tree had been sprinkled with organic pesticide?

(ii) What is the probability of selecting a fruit with insects inside the seed of it?

8.
A company has two plants to manufacture TVs. The first plant manufactures 70% of
the TVs and the rest are manufactured by the second plant. 80% of the TVs
manufactured by the first plant are rated of standard quality, while that of second plant

pg. 172
 only 60% are of standard quality. One TV is selected at random.

Based on the above information answer the following;

(i) Find the probability that the selected TV is of standard quality.

(ii) Find the probability that the TV is of standard quality, given that it was made by
1st plant.

9. In a survey at Vande Bharat Train, IRCTC asked passengers to rate and review the food
served in train. IRCTC asked 500 passengers selected at random to rate food according
to price ( low, medium ,or high) and food (1,2,3,or 4 stars ). The results of this survey
are presented in the two-way, or contingency, table below. The numbers in this table
represent frequencies. For example, in the third row and fourth column, 30people rated
the prices high and the food 4 stars.

Price/ * ** *** **** Total

rating
Low 20 30 90 10 150
Medium 50 80 90 30 250
High 20 10 30 40 100
Total 90 120 210 80 500

(1) Find the probability that the passenger rates the prices medium?

pg. 173
 (2) Find the probability that the passenger rates the food 2 stars.
(3) Suppose the passenger selected rates the price high. What is the probability that
he rates the restaurant 1 star?
(4) Suppose the passenger selected does not rate the food 4 stars.
. What is the probability that she rates the prices high?
10. Two friends A and B had gone for a shopping, and
they came across a beautiful antique piece and both
want to buy it. They asked shop keeper for another
piece but not available in shop. Both of them decided to go to coffee shop to have coffee
and toss a PAIR OF COINS, whosoever gets the pair of heads first will buy the antique
piece, both shook hands and sat down for their luck ,
Answer the following if A starts
(1) What is the probability of getting pair of heads?
(2) What is the probability of getting only one head in a throw?
(3) What is the probability that A gets pair of heads in third throw and wins the game?
(4)What is the probability that B wins the game if A starts?
(5 ) What is the probability that A buys the antique piece if A starts ?

11. During Examination, we need to reschedule on study hours and along with the study
hours, we need quality revision of syllabus. In one such situation ,if X is a random
variable which represents number of hours a student of class XII studied a particular
subject per day, the probability distribution is given as,

X 0 1 2 3 >3
P(X) 0 K 3K 4K 0

pg. 174
 (1) What is the value of K?

(2 ) The probability that less than two hours time is given to a subject per day is:

(3) What is the probability that two hours or three hours of time is given to a subject
per day?

(4) What is the probability that 3 hours or more than three hours of time is given to
a subject per day?

12. A doctor is to visit a patient. From the past experience, it is known that the probabilities
that he will come by cab, metro, bike or by other means of transport are respectively 0.3,
0.2, 0.35 and 0.1 if he comes by cab, metro, bike and other means of transport
respectively.

(1) When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by metro?

( 2 )When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by cab?

(3) When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by bike?

13. Suman was doing a project on a school survey, on the average number of hours spent on
study by students selected at random. At the end of survey, Suman prepared the
following report related to the data. Let X denotes the average number of hours spent on
study by the students.

X 0 1 2 3 4 >4
P(X) 0.2 Kx Kx K ( 6-x ) k(6-x) 0

pg. 175
 (1) Find the value of k?

( 2 )What is the probability that the average study time is not more than 1 hour?

( 3 )What is the probability that the average study time is atleast 3 hours?

(4 )What is the probability that the average study time is exactly 2 hours?

14. Three persons A, B and C apply for manager post in a company ,the chances of selection
is given by the ratio 1 : 2 : 4.The probability that if selected A , B and C can bring
changes to improve profitability are 0.8, 0.5 and 0.3 respectively.

(1)If the changes does not take place Find The probability that C is selected as manager?

(2) What is the conditional probability that if change has taken place due to B?

ANSWERS
1. (i)
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1
× 2( × ) 2( × ) + ( × ) 2( × ) ( × )
5 5 10 5 2 5 10 10 10 2 2 2

(ii) 𝑃(𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 3) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 4)

3 1 1 1
= 2( × ) + ( × )
10 2 2 2
11
=
20

pg. 176
 (iii) 𝑃(𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 2)
1 1 3 3
= 2( × ) + ( × )
2 5 10 10

29
=
100

2.
4 3 2
Answer : (i) P(A) = 5 , P(B) = 4 , P(C) = 3
2
P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐶) = 5
(ii) P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶̅ ) + P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵̅ ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)
13
P(A) P(B) P(𝐶̅ ) + P(A)P(𝐵̅)P(C) + P(𝐴̅) P(B)P(C) = 30

3. Answer:
1 5
P(Win) = 6 , P(lose) = 6

1 5 5 1 5 5 5 5 1
(i) P(A wins) = 6 + ×6 × 6 +6 × 6× 6× 6× 6 + ⋯⋯⋯⋯
6

1 1 6
=6× 5 2
= 11
1−( )
6

6 5
(ii). P(B wins) = 1 - 11 = 11.

4. Let B, R,Y and G denote the events that soft toy drawn is blue, red, yellow
and green respectively.(without replacement)

B R Y G TOTA
L

12 8 10 5 35

𝐺 12 5 6
(i) 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐺) = 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃 (𝐵) = . =
35 34 119
̅
𝑌 5 24 12
(ii) ̅ ) = 𝑃(𝐺). 𝑃 ( ) = . =
𝑃(𝐺 ∩ 𝑌 𝐺 35 34 119

5. (𝑖)𝐸1 → 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑙; 𝐸2 → 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑙

𝐴 → 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑑 "𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟"
𝑃(𝐴/𝐸2 ) 𝑃(𝐸2 )
𝑃(𝐸2 /𝐴) =
𝑃(𝐴/𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐴/𝐸2 ) 𝑃(𝐸2 )
80 30
100 × 100 24
= =
80 30 10 70 31
100 × 100 + 100 × 100
pg. 177
 (ii)
(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴/𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐴/𝐸2 ) 𝑃(𝐸2 )
80 30 10 70
= × + ×
100 100 100 100
31
=
100

6. Answer :
1 1 1
(i) ×5=
7 35
1 4 6 1 4 6 10 2
(ii) ×5+7×5= + 35 = =
7 35 35 7
6 4 24
(iii) × 5 = 35
7
24 11
(iv) 1 - P(both will not be selected) = 1- = .
35 35

7. (i)
𝐸1 → 𝑂𝑟𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒; 𝐸2 → 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐴 → 𝑛𝑜𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑢𝑖𝑡
𝑃(𝐴/𝐸1 ) 𝑃(𝐸1 )
𝑃(𝐸1 /𝐴) =
𝑃(𝐴/𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐴/𝐸2 ) 𝑃(𝐸2 )
90 70
× 100 63
= 100 =
90 70 80 30 87
× + ×
100 100 100 100

(ii)
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐵 → ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑢𝑖𝑡

𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵/𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐸1 ) + 𝑃(𝐵/𝐸2 ) 𝑃(𝐸2 )

10 70 20 30
= × + ×
100 100 100 100
13
=
100

8. Answer :

E1 = TV produced by first plant

E2 = TV produced by second plant.
A = Manufactured TV of standard quality.
7 3 𝐴 8 𝐴 6
𝑃(𝐸1 ) = , 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 10 , 𝑃 (𝐸 ) = , 𝑃 (𝐸 ) =
10 1 10 2 10

7 8 3 6 74
(i) P(A) = 10 × 10 + 10 × 10 = = 0.74
100

𝐴
𝐸1 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃( ) 56
𝐸1
(ii) 𝑃 ( 𝐴 ) = 𝐴 𝐴 = 74 = 0.756.
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃( )+ 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃( )
𝐸1 𝐸2

pg. 178
9. Number of passengers =500

(1) P ( Rating Medium ) = 250/500 =1/2

(2) P( Rating 2 stars ) = 12/500
(3) P ( Rating one star/selecting the price high ) = 20/100
P ( price high /does not rating 4 stars ) =60/420
10. (1 ) S = { HH,HT,TH,TT }

P( getting two heads ) = ¼

(2 ) P ( getting only one head in a throw ) =1/2

3 3 1 9
(3) P ( A getting pair of heads in third throw ) = × 4 × 4 = 64
4

3
(4) Ans :
7

4
(5 )Ans :
7

11. ( 1 ) We know ∴ 0 + 𝐾 + 3𝐾 + 4𝐾 + 0 = 1
1
8K=1, = .
8

(2 ) P ( X < 2 ) = P (X =0 ) + P ( X =1 )
1
=1K = 8
7
(3 ) P ( X =2 ) + P ( X =3 ) = 3K + 4K = 7K = 8

4
(4 )P ( X=3 ) + P( X =4 ) = 4K + 0 = 8

12. Let E be the event of coming late.

A be the event of coming by cab.
B be the event of coming by metro.
C be the event of coming by bike.
D be the event of coming by other transport.
P (A ) = 3/10 P (B ) = 2/10 P (C ) = 1/10 P (D) = 4/10
P ( E/A ) = 25/100 P ( E/B ) = 3/10 P ( E/C ) = 35/100
P ( E/D ) = 1/10
𝐸
𝑃(𝐵)𝑃( )
𝐵
(1) P ( E /B ) = 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝑃(𝐴)𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐵)𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐶)𝑃( )+𝑃(𝐷)𝑃( )
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
6/100 6 ×2
= ( 15 6 7 4 ) = = 2/7
( + + + ) 42
200 100 200 100
5
(2) ANSWER : 14
1
(3) ANSWER : 6

pg. 179
13.
P(X) 0.2 k 2k 3k 2k 0
( 1 ) Using ∑ 𝑃(𝑥) = 1 , 8k = 1 -0.2

8k = 0.8 , k = 1/10

(2) Probability of study time NOT more than one ; P( X=0 ) + P(X =1 )

2/10 + 1/10 = 3/10

5
(3 ) P (X=3 ) + P( X =4 ) + P ( X >4 ) = 10

1
(4) P( X =2 ) = 5
(5) P(X =1 ) + P(X=2 ) + P (X=3 ) + P( X =4 ) + P ( X >4 ) ==1 – P(X=0)
= 1- 0.2 =0.8
14. Let the events be described as below :
A: No change takes place
E1: Person A gets appointed
E2: Person B gets appointed
E3: Person C gets appointed.
The chances of selection of A, B and C are in the ratio 1: 2: 4 .
Hence, P(E1)=1/7 ,P(E2)=2/7 ,P(E3)=4/7
Probabilities of A,B and C introducing changes to improve profits of company
are 0.8,0.5 and 0.3 respectively. Hence probability of no changes on appointment
of A,B and C are 0.2,0.5 and 0.7 respectively.

Hence ,P(A∣E1)=0.2= 2/10

P(A∣E2)=0.5= 5/10
P(A∣E3)=0.7= 7/10

(1 )∴the required probability is

𝐴 28
𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃( )
𝐸3 70
P (𝐸3 / A ) = ( ) = 2 10 28 =28/40
∑31(𝑃 (𝐸𝑖 )×𝑃 ( ))
𝐴 (70 + 70
+ 70)
𝐸𝑖

= 7/10

∴ if no change takes place, the probability that it is due to appointment of C is 7/10

(2 ) E : Change takes place

𝐸 2
𝐸2 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃( ) ×5/10
𝐸3 7
P( (𝐸) = =( 8 10 12) = 10/30 =1/3
𝐸
∑31(𝑃 (𝐸𝑖 )×𝑃 ( )) ( + + )
70 70 70
𝐸𝑖

pg. 180