ASPECTS OF SAFETY AND SECURITY IN INDUSTRY 4.

Ing. Kotianová Z., PhD.1

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering – Technical University of Košice, Slovakia 1
[email protected]
Abstract: Industry 4.0 includes the integration of Safety and Security. Their interconnection (influencing) is assumed. Application of
control systems within Safety and Security changes the static principle to dynamic, assumes identification of all production and distribution
processes, data mobility as a part of BIG DATA technology and human factor activity while ensuring the functionality of relevant
applications. Industry Strategy 4.0 requires a proactive approach in risk analysis, based on the implementation of Safety and Security
principles in the development and design phase of machines and complex technologies in the context of the use of CPS principles. It is
important that rapid responses to the system's problems are monitored effectively, with simultaneous exchange of information at individual
levels in the production process.
Keywords: SAFETY, SECURITY, INDUSTRY 4.0, DIGITIZATION

1. Introduction The origin of the discussion about Industry 4.0 took place in
Germany in 2011; it was based on the country’s goal to strengthen
The digitization and automation of production and logistics the competitiveness of its industry to ensure its future in the
technology as part of Industry 4.0 bring many positive aspects. advanced manufacturing segment, becoming a reference and
They create the conditions for expanding production capacities, providing technologies that allow the integration and interaction
enforcing in a competitive environment by increasing productivity between the physical and the virtual world. This initiative was
and quality of produced products, new opportunities and new supported by the German government, which announced initial and
customers, replacing people in dangerous operations and events5. priority recommendations to accelerate the development and
deployment of Industry 4.0. It is worth mentioning that this concept
Manufacturing and subsequently distribution technologies must was officially pre-sented in 20133. This theme has gained
adapt to meet these trends. They integrate the principles of new worldwide recognition and is pres-ent in the industrial development
process tracking systems from acquiring relevant information about plan of countries such as Germany, the United States, China, Japan,
the properties of the subjects, through their mobility, processing to South Korea, France, the United Kingdom, Singapore and Brazil 4.
providing command signals for the implementation of appropriate In general, Industry 4.0 provides different ways of managing and
measures. Fulfilling Strategy Industry 4.0 in real terms, however, is controlling the process, contributing to the increase of the flexibility
associated with applications of complex management systems. level of the industry and its competitiveness by products mass
Their significant part also includes the effective management of the customization.
risks in the Safety and Security complex as part of the integrated
security system. Methods and procedures for analyzing and
assessing these risks must take into account the existence of a
human factor as the most important part of management activities.
Under intelligent industry conditions, with intensive use of digital
techniques and technology, it is crucial for effective risk
management to take action already at the preventive stage.

2. Industry 4.0

According to1, a certain accumulation of innovative

technologies quantity for applications in manufacturing systems
contributes to the occurrence of one industrial revolution
movement. In general, the First Industrial Revolution occurred due
to the mechanization of production, affecting product volume
dimension. The Second Revolution changed the industry through
the advent of electricity and mass production. Third Revolution is
characterized by use of Information Technology (IT) and
electronics to pro-cess automation2. Recent discussions are
emphasizing the emergence of a Fourth Industrial Revolution,
known mainly by the following labels: “Industry 4.0” or “Smart
Factory”, Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 Industry 4.07

Industry 4.0 pillars are6, Fig. 2:

1. Big Data and Analytics - Big Data is a concept that is

based on the huge amount of unstructured data that is
produced daily and is difficult to process with traditional
data processing methods.
2. Cloud Computing - The term Cloud generally refers to
space on the Internet where you can store all kinds of
information. About Cloud computing talking as a service,
or market application programs stored on servers on the
Web, with the users of them can be easily accessed for
Fig. 1 Historical development of Industry 4.09
example using a web browser or client of the application
and use virtually anywhere.
 3. Cybersecurity - Cyber security is dedicated to the security differences between Safety and Security, Fig.4.
of only a certain part of information assets, namely those
that are processed in a virtual space called cyberspace.
4. Horizontal and Vertical Integration - Vertical
integration digitizes and integrates processes vertically
from product development through purchasing to
manufacturing, logistics and related services. Horizontal
integration goes from suppliers to customers and all key
partners in the value chain.
5. Robotics - Robots make it possible to increase
productivity, especially in mass production. Nowadays,
cobots are coming to the fore. They are robots in
cooperation with humans. Today's “conventional” robots
do not understand with humans and must therefore be
locked in cages or enclosed by safety barriers. Cobots in
collision avoid obstacles and do not hurt a person because Fig. 4 Safety and Security differences
the arm moves slower and is controlled by many sensors.
6. Augmented Reality - Augmented reality (AR) is a Industry 4.0 requires a more proactive approach to safety than
combination of the real world with a virtual. Thus, AR before, notably through an integrated approach to Safety and
complements the real world with elements of the virtual Security in the design and planning of machines and complex
world. AR technology allows a person moving in the real technologies. It is expedient for evidence of the safety of objects,
world to perceive objects made in the digital world. machines and their components to be secured by identifying and
7. Additive Manufacturing - In the additive manufacturing quantifying risks as part of their design process, where they can be
process, the product is formed by applying layers to one identified and compensated, and then during operation by user
another. information to define the resulting risk of a complex system.

8. Simulation - These simulations leverage real-time data to 4. Results of discussion

mirror the physical world in a virtual model, which can
include machines, products and human. It cannot be assumed that there are fewer risks in a company
with a lower level of digitization, but the nature of risks is
9. Internet of Things - The internet of things (IoT) is a changing, as well as the manner of their management. If Industry
computing concept that describes the idea of physical 4.0 strategy is implemented, there will be fundamental changes to
objects being connected to the internet and being able to the conditions for employees, Fig. 5, in the conditions of the
identify themselves to other devices. The term is closely process of goods and services production. By implementing
identified with RFID as the method of communication, individual stages of Industry 4.0, work at production lines will be
although it also may include other sensor technologies, refined and humanized. Simple manual activities will disappear.
wireless technologies or QR codes. Employees will be coordinators who will ensure smooth
production and intervene only when the machine prompts them.

3. Aspects of Safety& Security

Industry 4.0 in its implementation in the company is emerging
new safety requirements. On the one hand, such systems may not
endanger people and the environment - "corporate (internal) safety"
and, on the other hand, such devices must be protected for misuse
and unauthorized interference - particularly in the area of data
misuse, protection against unauthorized interference – Security,
Fig.3.
Hence, the risk management methodologies in both production
and logistics processes, and therefore also individual machines and
machine systems, must meet the requirements of interconnection on
the basis of Integrated Safety & Security at all levels of
organization management5.

Fig. 5 Changes in requirements for human knowledge with the development

and application of new technology for production facilities

It can be stated that areas with a smaller range of Industry 4.0

elements will be more Safety-oriented, while areas using Industry
4.0 more actively will be more Security-oriented.
Fig. 3 Safety vs. Securit8

Safety and Security modeling serves for a general description of

5. Conclusion
the system within Industry 4.0. Safety defines the conditions of Industry 4.0 strategy includes the integration of Safety and
human protection against the influence of the machine and Security. Safety and Security supposed to be interconnected
Security includes the protection of the object (property) against (influencing). Application of Safety and Security control systems
external human intervention. The following scheme describes the
changes the static principle to dynamic, assumes identification of all
production and distribution processes, data mobility as part of BIG
DATA technology and human factor activity to ensure the
functionality of relevant applications. Industry Strategy 4.0 requires
a proactive approach to risk analysis, the essence of which is to
implement the Safety and Security principles into the development
and construction of machines and complex technologies in the
context of using the Cyber Physical Systems principles.

This contribution was created by the implementation of APVV-15-

0351 project of " Development and Application of a Risk
Management Model in the Setting of Technological Systems in
Compliance with Industry 4.0 Strategy" and VEGA project no.
1/0121/18 of Development of methods of implementation and
verification of complex security solution in Smart Factory as part of
Industry Strategy 4.0.

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