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Innovative Practicals2

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15 views

Innovative Practicals2

Best pratical explanation

Uploaded by

harishsharma849385
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Zener Diode-Voltage Regulator

Aim of the experiment


At the end of the experiment, the student will be able to

• Explain the function of a Zener diode


• Explain Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator

Theory
Zener Diode

A Zener Diode is a special kind of diode which permits current to flow in the
forward direction as normal, but will also allow it to flow in the reverse
direction when the voltage is above the breakdown voltage or ‘zener’
voltage. Zener diodes are designed so that their breakdown voltage is
much lower - for example just 2.4 Volts.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Function of Zener Diode

1. Zener diodes are a special kind of diode which permits current


to flow in the forward direction.

2. Zener diodes will also allow current to flow in the reverse


direction when the voltage is above a certain value. This breakdown
voltage is known as the Zener voltage. In a standard diode, the Zener
voltage is high, and the diode is permanently damaged if a reverse
current above that value is allowed to pass through it.
3. In the reverse bias direction, there is practically no reverse
current flow until the breakdown voltage is reached. When this occurs
there is a sharp increase in reverse current. Varying amount of reverse
current can pass through the diode without damaging it. The
breakdown voltage or zener voltage (VZ) across the diode remains
relatively constant.

Zener Diode As A Voltage Regulator

A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that provides a stable DC voltage


independent of the load current, temperature and AC line voltage
variations. A Zener diode of break down voltage V Z is reverse connected to
an input voltage source VI across a load resistance RL and a series resistor
RS. The voltage across the zener will remain steady at its break down
voltage VZ for all the values of zener current IZ as long as the current
remains in the break down region. Hence a regulated DC output voltage
V0=VZ is obtained across RL, whenever the input voltage remains within a
minimum and maximum voltage. Basically there are two type of regulations
such as: Line Regulation: In this type of regulation, series resistance and
load resistance are fixed, only input voltage is changing. Output voltage
remains the same as long as the input voltage is maintained above a
minimum value. Load Regulation: In this type of regulation, input voltage is
fixed and the load resistance is varying. Output volt remains same, as long
as the load resistance is maintained above a minimum value.

Procedure

Zener Diode - Line Regulation

1. Set the Zener Voltage(VZ)

2. Set the Series Resistance (RS) value.

3. Set the Load Resistance (RL) value.

4. Vary DC voltage.

5. Voltmeter is placed parallel to load resistor and ammeter series


with the series resistor.
6. Choose appropriate DC voltage such that zener diode is 'on'.

7. Now note the Voltmeter and Ammeter reading for various DC


voltage.

8. Note the Load current(IL), zener current(IZ), Output voltage(VO)

9. Calculate the voltage regulation.

Figure:1

Zener Diode - Load Regulation

1. Set DC voltage.

2. Set the Series Resistance (RS) value.

3. 1W D0-41 Glass Zener Diode 1N4740A, Zener voltage is 10 V.

4. Vary the Load Resistance (RL).

5. Voltmeter is placed parallel to load resistor and ammeter series


with the series resistor.

6. Choose Load Resistance in such a manner, such that the Zener


diode is 'on'.
7. Now note the Voltmeter and Ammeter reading for various Load
Resistance.

8. Increase the load resistance (RL).

9. Note the Load current (IL), zener current (IZ), Output voltage(VO)

10. Calculate the voltage regulation.

Figure: 2

Zener Characteristics

1. Select the diode

2. Set the rheostat Rh=1 Ω

3. By adjusting the rheostat, voltmeter reading is increased from 0


and in each time note the corresponding reading in milliammeter.

4. Take the readings and note Voltmeter reading across Zener


diode and Ammeter reading.

5. Plot the V-I graph and observe the change.


LOAD REGULATOR

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