3/20/2024

Agenda
Review lessons that are being assessed:
Endterm 2 - Algebraic Expressions 1 & 2 (Week 12 & 13)

Math Review - Graphs 1 & 2 (Week 17 & 18)

- Angles (Week 19)
- 3D Shapes and Nets (Week 20)
- Circles 1 & 2 (Week 21 & 22)
- Area & Perimeter (Week 25)

Perimeter
The perimeter is sum of the lengths of all sides of a
shape.
• To calculate the perimeter, add PERIMETER
Areas & Perimeter
4cm
a
all the length of all sides
together.

2cm
2cm
• If a shape has equal sides (like b
a square or rectangle) only one
or two sides may be labelled.
Example: 4cm

2cm + 4cm b + 4cm = 12cm

a + 2cm

Compound Perimeter Area

Compound p erimeter is the sum of all the lengths of
The area of a shape is the space within the lines .
the outer sides of a compound shape .
• Compound shapes are many 3 • The area of a rectangle or a square is
shapes together. calculated by multiplying the length (l)
• Do not count any of the sides that 2 2 times the height (h).
2cm
h AREA
are now inside the compound shape. 2 Example:
Example: 2 2
Area = 4cm h = 8cm 2
l x 2cm 4cm
l
3 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2+ 2 = 17cm 2 2 • Be careful: For perimeter the units stay the same, but for
area the units must be squared (x2).
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Area of a Triangle Parallelogram and Trapezium Area

Use the formula to find the area of a bxh • To find the area of a parallelogram, use
triangle: A= the formula A = base (b) x height (h)
2 • The formula works because a
height (h)
• This is the formula we use because a triangle is half (/2) parallelogram can be transformed into
of a rectangle/square (l x h). a rectangle (A = l x w). base (b)

Rectangle: A = l x h a
• To find the area of a trapezium, use the
formula: A = (a + b) x height (h)
h = height Triangle: A = b x h
2 height (h) 2
• a and b are the parallel sides.

bl = length
base b

Compound Area
To find the area of a compound shape:
• Step 1: Split it into it’s different shapes and find any missing
lengths you will need.
• Step 2: Find the area for each shape (in proper units) .
• Step 3: Add them together . 5m Algebraic Expressions 1 & 2
Example:
A 7m
Area A = 5 x 7 = 35m 2 10m
Area B = 3 x 15 = 45m 2
B 3m
Total area = 35 + 45 = 80m 2
15m

Algebraic Expressions
Review
• Identify the names for the algebraic terms: Algebraic expressions can have constants & variables,
or only variables, but they cannot have only constants.

2x + 7y - 5 Which of the following are algebraic expressions?

5x2 × 2 7y + 3x x-h 17 × 78
operators
variables
coefficients constants
Yellows are variables
Reds are coefficients 7z × 2y 9×2 6y × 34
Greens are constants
Purples are operators

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Expanding Using Coefficients & Powers Combining Like Terms

You can simplify algebraic expressions by combining
Sometimes to simplify you need to expand brackets ().
like terms (terms that are the same).
• When a coefficient is in front of brackets, it means multiply • When simplifying, try to get as few operators (+, -, ×, ÷) as
everything inside by that number. possible.
• If there is a power (like square x 2 or cube x 3) it tells you how • If variables have different indices/powers they are not the
many times to multiply the brackets by itself. same because the value of adding is not the same as
multiplying.
2(a+b) (a+b)2
= (a+b) + (a+b) = (a+b) x (a+b) a + b + 2a + 4b a2 + 3a 3 + 2a 2
= 2a + 2b = a2 + b2 + 2ab = 3a + 5b = 3a2 + 3a3

Substituting Variables Solving with 2 Variables

Sometimes equations have two variables. Follow these
Substitute means to swap the variable for a value. steps to solve:
• Step 1: Replace the variable with the value. • Step 1: Replace the known
If z = 6, solve for r:
Step 2: Complete the operations to find the answer. variable with its value.
•
• Step 2: Use BIDMAS to simplify
5z + 7r = 79
Example: Solve the expressions for a = 12. all terms on the variable side of the (5 x 6) + 7r = 79
10 + a 2a equation.
• Step 3: Use SAMDIB and reciprocals 30 + 7r = 79
10 + 12 = 22 2 x 12 = 24 to move all non-variable numbers to
7r = 49
the other side of the equal sign.
Remember ! Coefficients mean multiply (x) r=7

Parts of a Graph
The point where the x-axis and y-axis meet (0,0) is
The
Thehorizontal
vertical line
lineininthe
thecoordinate
coordinateplane
planeisisthe
the y-axis.
x-axis.
called the origin.

Graphs 1 & 2 x-axis

Origin
(x = 0 & y = 0)

y-axis

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Parts of a Graph Creating Data Tables

The four sections of a graph are called quadrants . They are A data table shows us coordinates without having to draw
numbered counterclockwise starting from the top right. graph. Using the linear formula we can calculate the data:

• Quadrant II: Top left • Quadrant I: Top right If y = x + 1 , substitute the values for each term:
quadrant. quadrant.
• Coordinates are (-, +). II I • Coordinates are (+, +). x 1 2 3 4 5
y 2 3 4 5 6
• Quadrant III: Bottom • Quadrant IV: Bottom

xx == 2,
1,
3, yy == 21
4,
5, 3 ++ 11
4
5
left quadrant. right quadrant.
• Coordinates are (-, -). III IV • Coordinates are (+, -).

Creating Ordered Pairs Finding the Gradient

The gradient is the rate of change in a line
Now that we have a data table, we use the information to
make ordered pairs .
(i.e. the steepness of a line).
Write the coordinates (x, y): • We can use “rise over run” to
x 1 2 3 4 5 find the gradient of a line.
y 2 3 4 5 6 • The rise is the
change in y-coordinates.
(1 , 2), (2 , 3), (3 , 4), (4 , 5), (5 , 6) • The run is the is the
change in x-coordinates .

The Midpoint Formula Linear Equation of a Line

To find the midpoint (middle) of a line, use the
following formula: y = mx + b
The answer makes the coordinates for the midpoint.

+ x2
(x 1
2
, y1 + y2
2
) m = gradient
b = y-intercept .
This makes the This makes the
x-coordinate y-coordinate

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Types of Angles
Angles vary depending on the degree, and have
different names for different shapes of angle.
• A right angle is exactly 90°.

Angles • An acute angle is less than 90 °.

• An obtuse angle is more than 90 °.
• A straight line is 180°.
• A reflex angle is more than 180 °.
>180°
90° >90°
<90° 180°

Types of Angles Types of Angles

Pairs or groups of angles can also have
special names: • Complimentary angles
30° add up to 90 °.
• Adjacent angles are two Common = 90° • They make a right angle.
angles that have a ray 60°
common vertex (point)
Common
and a common ray (side). • Supplementary angles
vertex
add up to 180 °.
Congruent angles have 30 0 = 180°
• • They make a straight line. 80° 100°
the same size and shape. 30 0

Calculating Angles Corresponding Angles

• Find the missing angles using your knowledge of angles. The angles that parallel and transversal lines make can
• Do not use a protractor! be easy to solve if you recognise the types of angles:
• Corresponding angles (F-
shaped) are equal.
30° 85°
52° • This mean angles in the same
128° 45°
50° position on both parallel lines are
the same (congruent).
240° How many pairs of corresponding
angles do you see?

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Opposite and Interior Angles

Alternate Angles
• Opposite angles (X-shaped) are
• Alternate interior angles (Z- equal.
shaped) are equal. • This mean angles diagonally
opposite each other are the same
• This mean angles on opposite (congruent).
sides of the transversal line are
the same (congruent).
• Interior angles (C-
• Alternate exterior angles are the same (congruent). = 180° shaped) always add up to
• These are formed on opposite sides of the transversal and 180°.
on the outside of the Z-shape.

Nets of 3D Shapes
A net is a 2D shape that can be folded to form
a 3D shape.
To draw a net:
Plans and Elevations 1. Draw the base.
2. Add the faces that connect to
the base.
3. Finally, draw the top of the 3D
shape.
2cm 6cm

1 square = 1cm 2 3cm

Plans and Elevations Plans and Elevations

Plans and elevations are 2D drawings that Draw the plan, front elevation and side elevation:
show a 3D shape from a specific view.
Front Side
• Plans are the view of the
Plan Plan elevation elevation
shape from above.
• Front elevation is the
view of the shape from
the front.
• Side elevation is the
view of the shape from Front Side
the side.

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Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:

The diameter
radiusisisaisafixed
Thecenter astraight
straight
Circles 1 & 2 The
The
line
line
circumference
joining
from
inperimeter
the
any two
theofcenter
middle ofthe the
ispoint
to
circle
the
points
any
circle..
on the
point oncircumference
the circumference. and
passing through the
center.
circumference radius
center
diameter

Circumference of a Circle
Parts of a Circle • To find the circumference (perimeter) of a circle,
Draw and label the parts of a circle: use the formula:
minor
sector C=2 r OR C= d
A sector is a region
bounded by an arc and
C = circumference
two radii .
r = radius
Sectors can be major = Pi (3.14...)
(big) or minor (small). d = diameter
Remember! You can rearrange the
What is this sector? major sector formula to find what you are looking for.

Area of a Circle
To find the area (interior space) of a circle, use the formula:

A= r2

A = area (units must be squared, e.g. x 2) AREA

r = radius
= Pi (3.14...)

Remember! You can rearrange the formula

to find what you are looking for