Vol-8 Issue-3 2022 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

REVIEW PAPER ON RAILWAY TRACK

CRACK DETECTION ROBOT USING IOT
Avini Nandanwar 1, Shreedarshan Nanotkar 2,Sakshi Bhure3, Satish Kathane4

1
Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication , Priyadarshini JL. College of
Engineering/RTMNU , Maharashtra , India
2
Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication , Priyadarshini JL. College of
Engineering/RTMNU , Maharashtra , India
3
Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication , Priyadarshini JL. College of
Engineering/RTMNU , Maharashtra , India
4
Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication , Priyadarshini JL. College of
Engineering/RTMNU , Maharashtra , India

ABSTRACT
In India railways transportation service is the cheap and the majority convenient mode of passenger transport and
also for long distance and suburban traffic. The Indian Railways consists one of the largest railway networks in the
whole world, crises-crossing over 1, 15,000 km in distance, all over India. In country like India, where majority of
people depend on railways for transportation, if a crack in railway track is not detected during the early stages they
may lead to derailment causing heavy loss to human life and property. Almost 24 million passengers use the railway
system on a daily basis. The main cause of the accidents happened in railways are railway track crossing and
unrevealed crack in railway tracks. Therefore, there is a need to have new technology which will be robust, efficient
and stable for both crack detection in railway track as well as object detection. Our work involves a project that
aims of designing a railway crack detection system (RCDS) using Ultrasonic Sensor, GPS (Global Positioning
System) and Node MCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi module whose implementation is an efficient method of detecting the cracks
which is present in the tracks and thus avoiding derailment of the trains. Crack detection by this method can be done
during both day and night time and ex act location of fault can be obtained.
Keyword : Crack detection; GPS; Ultrasonic sensor; Railway track; Node MCU ESP8266 module.

1. INTRODUCTION
Railway is one of the most significant transportation modes of our country but it is a matter of great sorrow that,
railway tracks of our country are very prone. That’s why, a vast number of accidents are occurred every year
due to this primitive type of railway tracks and as the consequences of those accidents we lose huge number of
lives every year.

These types of incidents motivate us to think over the above mentioned issue and take necessary steps to
protect those lives. Through our proposed system, we need to establish more modern and secure railway system.

The Rail transport is growing at a rapid pace in India. It is one of the major mode of transport but still our
facilities are not that accurate, safer as compared to international standards. A survey on the internet states that

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Vol-8 Issue-3 2022 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

about 60% of all the railway accidents is due to derailments, recent measurements shows that about 90% are
due to cracks on the rails. Hence, it is not safer for Human Life. This needs to be at the utmost attention. These
goes unnoticed and the properly maintenance of tracks is not done. In previously existing system, the work is to
be done manually, but the proposed system has a robot which will run automatically on the tracks.

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• The principal problem is the lack of cheap and efficient technology to detect problems in the rail tracks and
course, the lack of proper maintenance of rails which have resulted in the formation of cracks in the rails.
• In previously existing system, the work is to be done manually, but the proposed system has robot which
will run automatically on the tracks.
• System having LED and LDR sensor assembly, but the main disadvantage is that the LED and LDR must
be placed opposite to each other and also the environment needs to be perfect to detect the track.
• The existing system is slow ,tedious, and time consuming.

2.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM

• To overcome the above disadvantages, here sensers are used, which will detect the crack accurately.
• This system has GPS module which will give the real time location to the nearest railway station.
• The prototype of testing tracks and this prototype takes the power supply from a 12v battery.
• Cloud computing and http protocol for the data transmission.

3. LITERATURE SURVEY
1) Designing of Improved Monitoring System for Crack Detection on Railway Tracks
Author- Nilisha Patil1 , Dipakkumar Shahare1 , Shreya Hanwate1 , Pranali Bagde1 , Karuna Kamble1 ,
Prof. Manoj Titre2. Published-April 2021
In this paper, we present an automated system based on microcontroller and sensors to overcome the
problem of faults in tracks and to identify the moving object or animal on the tracks. The system designed
is an autonomous robot consist of PIR and Ultrasonic sensors, coupled with GPS and GSM for providing
the real time alert.

2) Detection of Crack in Railway Track using Ultrasonic Sensors

Author- Anushree B.S, Priyasha Purkayastha, Anjali Girgire, Anjana K,Ruma Sinha. Published-May 2017
This paper a crack detection system is proposed which detects the crack without human intervention and
sends the location of fault to the authorized personnel using GSM. Crack detection by this method can be
done during both day and night time and exact location of fault can be obtained.

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Vol-8 Issue-3 2022 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

3) Automatic Railway Track Crack Detection System

Author- Rahul Singh, Leena Sharma, Vandana Singh , Vivek Kr. Singh. Published- May 2020.

Aims of designing a railway crack detection system (RCDS) using Ultrasonic

Sensor, The GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), GPS (Global Positioning System) and
Arduino based module whose implementation is an
efficient method of detecting the cracks which is present in the tracks and thus avoiding derailment of the
trains.

4) Railway Track Crack Detection

Author- Arun Kumar R, Vanishree K, Shweta K, Nandini C, Shweta G. Published-2020
This project discusses a Railway track crack detection using sensors and is a dynamic approach which
combines the use of GPS tracking system to send alert messages and the geographical coordinate of
location. Arduino Microcontrollers used to control and coordinate the activities of this device. The main
aim of the project is to design the railway crack detection using ultrasonic sensors.

3.1 PURPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM

 The main cause of the accidents happened in railways are railway track crossing and unrevealed crack in
railway tracks.
 Therefore, there is a need to have new technology which will be robust, efficient and stable for both crack
detection in railway track as well as object detection.
 Our work involves a project that aims of designing a railway crack detection system (RCDS) using
Ultrasonic Sensor, GPS (Global Positioning System) and NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi module whose
implementation is an efficient method of detecting the cracks which is present in the tracks and thus
avoiding derailment of the trains.Crack detection by this method can be done during both day and night
time and exact location of fault can be obtained.

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Vol-8 Issue-3 2022 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

Fig -1: Block diagram

4. CONCLUSIONS
As per the study the existing systems are time consuming as well as uneconomical. The proposed system is
not only overcome these problems but also improve accuracy and crack detection in rails.

5. REFERENCES

[1] Rahul Singh, Leena Sharma, Vandana Singh , Vivek Kr. Singh. (2020), “Automatic Railway Track Crack
Detection System” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, VoL.07,Issue.

[2] Anushree B.S, Priyasha Purkayastha, Anjali Girgire , Anjana K,Ruma Sinha(2017), “Detection of Crack in
Railway Track using Ultrasonic Sensors” IJSDR, Volume 2,Issue 6, ISSN: 2455-2631.

[3] Nilisha Patil , Dipakkumar Shahare , Shreya Hanwate , Pranali Bagde , Karuna Kamble, Prof. Manoj
Titre(2021). “ Designing of Improved Monitoring System for Crack Detection on Railway Tracks” Proceedings
of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks
(ICICV ),IEEE Xplore Part Number: Cfp21ONG-ART; 978-0-7381-1183-4.

[4] Arun Kumar R, Vanishree K, Shweta K, Nandini C, Shweta G.(2020), “Railway Track Crack Detection”,
Proceeding of National Conference on advancements in Informational Technology (NCAIT),ISSN-2278-0181.

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BIOGRAPHIES

Avini Nandanwar -1 Avini Nandanwar, is a UG student Student

Department of ETC. She pursuing her BE in
ETC department at RTMNU/Priyadarshini JL
College Of Engineering

Shreedarshan Shreedarshan Nanotkar, is a UG student

Nanotkar -2 Student Department of ETC/in College/
University/. He pursuing his BE in department at
RTMNU/Priyadarshini JL College Of
Engineering

Sakshi Bhure -3 Sakshi Bhure , is a UG student Student

Department of ETC/in College/ University/. She
pursuing her BE in department at
RTMNU/Priyadarshini JL College Of
Engineering

Satish Kathane -4 Satish Kathane, is a UG student Student

Department of ETC/in College/ University/. He
pursuing his BE in department at
RTMNU/Priyadarshini JL College Of
Engineering

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