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Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 7 Revision Notes

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Class 10 Mathematics Chapter 7 Revision Notes

Uploaded by

HARE KRISHNA
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ratio and Proportion – Summary Notes

a
 Ratio: If a and b are any two quantities of the same kind such that b  0, the quotient is
b
called the ratio of a and b . It is expressed as a : b and read as a is to b . Here, a is called
the antecedent and b is called the consequent.
 Compounded ratio: When two or more ratios are multiplied term wise, the ratio thus
obtained is called their compounded ratio.
a c
If a : b  and c : d  are multiplied term wise, the compounded ratio becomes
b d
ac
ac : bd  .
bd
 If both the antecedent and the consequent of a ratio are multiplied or divided by the same non-
zero quantity, the value of the ratio remains unchanged.
a ma a am
i.e.,  , or 
b mb b bm
 A ratio a : b is called a ratio of greater inequality, less inequality or equality as a  b, a  b
or a  b respectively.
 For any two ratios a : b and c : d ,
a c
 a : b  c : d if  or ad  bc
b d
a c
 a : b  c : d if  or ad  bc
b d
a c
 a : b  c : d if  or ad  bc .
b d
1 1
 Reciprocal ratio of a : b is : or b : a .
a b
 Duplicate ratio of a : b is a 2 : b2 .
 Sub duplicate ratio of a : b is a: b.
 3 3
Triplicate ratio of a : b is a : b .
 Sub triplicate ratio of a : b is a1/ 3 : b1/ 3 or 3 a : 3 b .
 Proportion: If four quantities are such that the ratio of first to the second is the same as the
ratio of the third to the fourth, the four quantities are said to be in proportion.
a c
i.e., a : b  c : d or 
b d
The terms a and d are called the extremes (end terms), while b and c are called the means
(middle terms).

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 Continued proportion: Three or more quantities are said to be in continued proportion, when
the ratio of the first and the second is equal to the ratio of the second and the third, and so on.
Thus:
a b
a : b :: b : c or  .
b c
Here, b is called the mean proportion between a and c , and c is called the third proportion
to a and b .
a b c
Similarly, a, b, c, d are in continued proportion if: a : b :: b : c :: c : d or  
b c d
a b c ace
 If   then each ratio is equal to
b c d bd  f
 Properties of Proportion:
 Invertendo: If a : b  c : d , then b : a  d : c .
 Alternendo: If a : b  c : d , then a : c  b : d .
 Componendo: If a : b  c : d , then a  b : b  c  d : d .
 Dividendo: If a : b  c : d , then a  b : b  c  d : d .
 Componendo and Dividendo: If a : b  c : d , a  b : a  b  c  d : c  d .

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