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Pre Calculus Reviewer

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8 views

Pre Calculus Reviewer

Uploaded by

lomedachrislyn3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRE-CALCULUS: DEFINITION OF distance from the directrix is constant.

TERMS - latera recta: plural of latus rectum; passing


through focus & perpendicular to major axis &
Conic Section - a figure formed by the
has both endpoints on the curve.
intersection of a plane & a right circular cone.
3. Parabola - the plane is parallel to exactly one
Non-degenerate Cone - if the plane does not
generator.
pass through the apex. (parabola, hyperbola,
- locus of points (x,y) in a plane that are
circle, ellipse)
equidistant from focus & directrix.
Degenerate Cone - if the plane passes through - paraboloid: result when a parabola revolved
the apex. (two intersecting lines, point, line) about its axis.
- focus: fixed point used to determine the
PARTS OF A CONIC SECTION parabola.
Vertex/Apex - tips of the cones that intersect at - directrix: line perpendicular to the axis of
a point. symmetry.
- vertex: midpoint between focus & directrix.
Nappes - surfaces of the cones. - axis of symmetry: line that passes through the
focus & vertex.
Generators - lines that lie on the surface of the
- latus rectum: line passing through the focus,
cones.
perpendicular to the AS, has 2 endpoints whose
Directrix - diameter of the base. length is 4c.

TYPES OF CONIC SECTIONS 4. Hyperbola - the plane that intersects the two
napes is perpendicular to the base of the cone.
1. Circle - the plane is parallel to the base of the - discovered by Menaechmus; from greek
cone. ὑπερβολή = overthrown/excessive.
- consists of all points that are equidistant from - formed by intersection of the double cone by a
the center. plane surface but not necessarily at the center.
- radius: constant distance; always > 0. - locus of points (x,y) such that the difference of
- diameter: the length of the line through the the distance from P to Foci are constant.
center that touches two points on the edge of the - center: midpoint of foci points; where 2
circle. asymptotes intersect; intersection of
2. Ellipse - the plane is not parallel to any major/minor.
generators but intersects each generator. - major axis (transverse axis): line joining
- set of all points that the sum of the distance vertices & foci; length = 2a.
from 2 fixed points is a constant. - minor axis (conjugate axis): line perpendicular
- result from slicing a double-napped cone by a bisector of major axis; length = 2b.
plane parallel to no generator of the cone. - focal length: line joining foci; length = 2c.
- foci: plural of focus; 2 fixed points. - asymptotes: line passing through the center &
- center: where the major & minor axis intersect. are asymptotic.
- major axis: transverse axis; line joining CHARACTERISTICS TO REMEMBER
vertices & foci; length = 2a. FOR BASIC CONIC SECTIONS
- minor axis: conjugate axis; line perpendicular
bisector of major axis; length = 2b. CIRCLE
- axis of symmetry: line passing through foci &
● X & Y are BOTH SQUARED.
meets at vertices.
- directrices: lines that the ratio of distance of the ● have the SAME COEFFICIENTS, SAME
points in the conic section from the focus to its SIGNS.
PARABOLA
● ONLY ONE OF X & Y IS SQUARED. NOT
BOTH.
ELLIPSE
● X & Y are BOTH SQUARED.
● has POSITIVE COEFFICIENTS.
● DIFFERENT VALUE OF COEFFICIENTS.
HYPERBOLA
● X & Y are BOTH SQUARED.
● has ONE NEGATIVE & ONE POSITIVE
COEFFICIENTS.
Sequence - a function whose domain is a set of
positive integers; order is important.
Series - sum of the terms of a sequence.
TYPES OF SEQUENCE
Arithmetic Sequence - sequence in which each
term after the first is obtained by adding the
common difference to the preceding term.
- common difference: obtained by subtracting
two consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence.
Geometric Sequence - sequence in which each
term after the first is obtained by multiplying the
common ratio to the preceding term.
- common ratio: obtained by dividing two
consecutive terms in a geometric sequence.
Fibonacci Sequence - sequence in which each
number corresponds to the sum of 2 numbers
that precede it.
Sigma (Σ)- an uppercase greek letter; indicates
summation.
Sigma Notation - method to write a long sum in
a concise way.
- shorthand for writing sums.

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