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TOPIC ANSWERS
Std. XII Sci.: Chemistry Topic Test - 4
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TEST 4. Chemical Thermodynamics

SECTION A
Q.1.
i. (D) ΔG° = –RT ln KC [1 Mark]
ii. (D) 17.8 kcal [1 Mark]
iii. (C) 2H(g)  H2(g) [1 Mark]
iv. (C) –45 kJ [1 Mark]
Q.2.
i. When ∆H positive and ∆S is negative, then ∆G is positive regardless of temperature. Such reactions
are nonspontaneous at all temperatures. [1 Mark]
ii. Enthalpy of atomization (ΔatomH) [1 Mark]
iii. A system that exchanges energy and not the matter with the surroundings is called a closed system.
[1 Mark]

SECTION B (Attempt any Four) R

Q.3. Solution:
Given: Initial volume (V1) = 25 dm3
Final volume (V2) = 30 dm3
External pressure (Pext) = 1.2 bar
To find: Amount of work in dm3 bar and Joule
Formula: W =  Pext ΔV =  Pext (V2  V1)
Calculation: From formula,
W =  Pext ΔV =  Pext (V2  V1)
W = –1.2 bar (30 dm3  25 dm3)
= – 1.2 bar  5 dm3 = –6 dm3 bar
Now, 1 dm3 bar = 100 J
100 J
Hence, W = –6 dm3 bar × = –600 J
1 dm 3 bar
Ans: The work done is – 6 dm3 bar = – 600 J [2 Marks]
Q.4. Standard enthalpy of combustion:
i. The standard enthalpy of combustion of a substance is the standard enthalpy change accompanying
a reaction in which one mole of the substance in its standard state is completely oxidised.
ii. Consider the reaction,
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C2H2(g) + O2(g)  2CO2(g) + H2O(l), ΔrH° = –1300 kJ
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In the above reaction, the standard enthalpy change of the oxidation reaction, –1300 kJ is the standard
enthalpy of combustion of C2H2(g).
[2 Marks]
Q.5. Isobaric process:
i. The mathematical expression of first law of thermodynamics is U = Q + W.
ii. Usually, chemical reactions are carried out in the open containers under constant atmospheric
pressure. In such reactions, ∆V ≠ 0.
Since, W =  Pext V
U = QP  Pext V
 QP = U + Pext V
[2 Marks]

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Std. XII Sci.: Chemistry Topic Test - 4
Q.6. i. A free expansion means expansion against zero opposing force. Such expansion occurs in vacuum.
ii. When the gas expands in vacuum, there is no opposing force, that is, Pext = 0. The work done by a
system during such expansion is W = – Pext ∆V = 0.
Thus, no work is done when the gas expands freely in vacuum.
[2 Marks]
Q.7. Solution:
Given: ΔfH (Fe2O3) =  824 kJ/mol
ΔfH (CO) =  110 kJ/mol
ΔfH (CO2) =  393 kJ/mol
To find: Standard enthalpy of the given reaction (ΔrH)
Formula: ΔH = ΔfH(products)  ΔfH (reactants)
Calculation: The reaction is
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g)  2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
ΔrH = Σ ΔfH(products) – Σ ΔfH(reactants)
= [2 ΔfH(Fe) + 3 ΔfH(CO2)]  [ΔfH(Fe2O3) + 3 ΔfH(CO)]
= [ 0 + 3 mol × (–393 kJ mol–1)] – [1 mol × (824 kJ mol–1) + 3 mol  (110 kJ mol–1)]
= 1179 + 824 + 330
= 25 kJ
Ans: The standard enthalpy of the given reaction is –25 kJ. [2 Marks]
Q.8. Difference between isothermal and adiabatic process:
No. Isothermal process Adiabatic process
i. It is a process in which temperature of the
system remains constant throughout the
R
It is a process in which there is no exchange of
heat between system and surroundings.
transformation.
ii. Heat flows from the system to surroundings and System is completely insulated with respect to
vice versa. (Q  0). heat from the surroundings. (Q = 0).
iii. Temperature remains constant (T = 0). Temperature may increase or decrease (T  0).
iv. Change in internal energy is zero (U = 0). Internal energy may increase or decrease
(U  0).
[2 Marks]

SECTION C (Attempt any Two)

Q.9. i. Enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a solid is converted into liquid without change in
temperature at constant pressure is enthalpy of fusion.
ii. Features of reversible process:
a. The driving and opposing forces differ by an infinitesimal amount.
b. The process can be reversed by an infinitesimal change in conditions.
c. A reversible process proceeds infinitely slowly and takes place in infinite number of steps.
d. At the end of every step of the process, the system attains mechanical equilibrium with the
surroundings.
[3 Marks]
Q.10. Solution:
Given: Decomposition of 1 mole of NH4NO3
Temperature = T = 100 C = 373 K
To find: Work done and to determine whether work is done on the system or by the system.
Formula: W = ngRT
Calculation: The given reaction is for 1 mole of NH4NO3. For 3 moles of NH4NO3, the reaction is given as
follows:
3NH4NO3(s)  3N2O(g) + 6H2O(g)
Now,
Δng = (moles of product gases)  (moles of reactant gases)
Δng = 9 – 0 = +9 mol (⸪ NH4NO3 is in solid state)

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Std. XII Sci.: Chemistry Topic Test - 4
Hence,
W = –Δng RT
= – (+9 mol) × 8.314 J K–1 mol–1 × 373 K
= 27910 J
= 27.91 kJ
Work is done by the system (since W < 0).
Ans: The work done is 27.91 kJ. The work is done by the system. [3 Marks]
Q.11. Decomposition of H2O2:
i. Consider reaction, 2H2O2(l)  2H2O(l) + O2(g)
ii. The gas produced in above reaction pushes the piston upwards so that the mass in the surroundings is
raised as shown in diagram.
iii. In lifting the mass, the system loses energy to the surroundings or it performs work on the
surroundings.
iv. With no heat being transferred, a loss of energy by the system is equal to work done by the system on
the surroundings. This is PV expansion work.

O2(g)

H2O2
R
Before reaction After reaction
Decomposition of H2O2
[3 Marks]

SECTION D (Attempt any One)

Q.12. i. Hess’s law of constant heat summation states that, “Overall the enthalpy change for a reaction is equal
to sum of enthalpy changes of individual steps in the reaction”.
ii. Solution:
Given: a. H =  120 kJ, S = + 40 J K1 at 400 K
b. H = + 50 kJ, S =  130 J K1 at 250 K
To find: Whether the reactions are spontaneous or non-spontaneous and exothermic or
endothermic.
Formula: G = H  TS
Calculation: a. ΔG = ΔH  TΔS
ΔH = 120 kJ
ΔS = + 40 J K1 = 40 ×10–3 kJ K–1
T = 400 K
 ΔG = 120 kJ  (400 K  40 ×10–3 kJ K–1)
= 120 kJ  16 kJ
= 136 kJ
As ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.
As ΔH is negative, the reaction is exothermic.
b. G = H  TS
H = + 50 kJ
S =  130 J K1 = –130 ×10–3 kJ K–1
T = 250 K
 G = 50 kJ  (250 K  –130 ×10–3 kJ K–1)
= 50 kJ + 32.5 kJ = 82.5 kJ
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Std. XII Sci.: Chemistry Topic Test - 4
As G is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous.
As H is positive, the reaction is endothermic.
Ans: a. Reaction is spontaneous and exothermic.
b. Reaction is non-spontaneous and endothermic.
[4 Marks]
Q.13. i. The property which depends on the state of a system and independent of a path followed to attain it, is
called a state function.
ii. Solution:
Given: Mass of O2 = 24 g
Initial pressure = P1 = 1.5 bar
Final pressure = P2 = 1 bar
Temperature = T = 298 K
To find: Maximum work (Wmax)
P
Formula: Wmax = – 2.303 nRT log10 1
P2
24 g
Calculation: Number of moles of O2 = n = = 0.75 mol
32g mol1
Gas constant = R = 8.314 J K–1 mol–1
Now, using formula,
P1
Wmax = –2.303 nRT log10
P2
1.5
R
= –2.303 × 0.75 mol × 8.314 J K–1 mol–1 × 298 K × log10
1
= –2.303 × 0.75 × 8.314 J × 298 × 0.1761
= –753.6 J
Ans: The maximum work done is –753.6 J.
[4 Marks]

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