MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS | Module & Problem Set

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT

No. of days to be deducted – Select activity with
PERT-CPM lowest/minimum cost of crashing
PERT – Program Evaluation Review Technique
CPM – Critical Path Method Size of Interfering Float = No. of Days without working men

Elements in a PERT / CPM Diagram: Slope = Additional Cost / No. of Days to be Reduced
1. Activity - Performance of a specified task
2. Event – Completion or commencement of an activity
3. Duration – Estimated period of time to complete an activity SITUATION 1: The activities, duration, and cost under normal and
4. Network Diagrams – Logical assembly of activities accelerated conditions for a network diagram are shown in the
5. Dummy activity – artificial activity with zero duration; applied accompanying table.
to parallel activities to denote that no succeeding activity
shall commence until all previous activities are completed
6. Critical Path – The longest path in the network; dictates the
earliest completion time of the project.

Critical Path = Longest Path

= All Zero on all kinds of float

Project Duration = Longest Time

***Delaying any activity within the critical path will result in

the delay of the entire project.

Time Elements in a PERT / CPM Diagram

EARLY START (ES) DATE

• The earliest time to start an activity
a. What is the critical path?
• In case of an activity with multiple immediate precedent
b. What is the minimum project duration?
activities, the ES shall be dictated by the precedent activity
c. What is the minimum cost of the project when the duration
to finish last
is at minimum?
EARLY FINISH (EF) DATE
• The earliest time to finish an activity
SITUATION 2: Refer to the table below reflecting the schedule of
• 𝐸𝐹 = 𝐸𝑆+𝑑 works necessary to carry out a construction project.
a. What is the number of days required to carry out the entire
LATEST FINISH (LF) DATE project?
• Latest time to finish an activity b. What is the critical path for the project?
• Can be obtained from backward pass c. What is the total float of activity H?
LATEST START (LS) DATE
• The latest time to start an activity
• 𝐿𝑆 = 𝐿𝐹−𝑑

Early Event Time – Time Longest from Start

Latest Event Time – Time Longest from Finish

TOTAL FLOAT (TF)

• The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without
delaying the completion of the project
• 𝑇𝐹 = 𝐿𝐹−𝐸𝐹 = 𝐿𝑆−𝐸𝑆 = 𝐿𝐹−𝐸𝑆−𝑑

FREE FLOAT (FF)

Time that the finish of an activity can be delayed without delaying the
early start of the succeeding activity
• 𝐹𝐹current = 𝐸𝑆next – 𝐸𝐹current
• Early Start (Next Activity) – Early Finish (Activity Under
Investigation)

INTERFERING FLOAT (IF)

CONCRETE DESIGN & MATERIALS ESTIMATION
• 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑇𝐹 – 𝐹𝐹
METHODS OF DESIGNING CONCRETE MIX
Accelerated to Max Duration
Acceleration should be applied to critical path
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MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS | Module & Problem Set
1. Weight Method – calculate mix proportion by weight basis; less
accurate
2. Absolute Volume Method – calculate mix proportions by basis of
volume of components. It is identified as the more accurate
approach.

TRADITIONAL PROCEDURE OF PROPORTIONING CONCRETE

MIX
a. How many bags of cement are required?
b. What is the weight of sand (kg) required?
Uses cement-sand gravel proportions by using a measuring box
c. What is the weight of gravel (kg) required?
(1cu.ft.) and applies the absolute volume method
d. How many liters of water are required?
TYPICAL CONCRETE PROPORTION:
SITUATION 5: Air-entrained concrete is specified in the design of a
slab-on-grade. The material properties are shown in the table below.
The recommended water content is 200 kg/m3 of concrete and a
water-cement ratio of 0.48 by mass should be used in the design
mix. The gravel used has volumetric ratio of 0.671. For a cubic meter
of mix:

ACI METHOD
Standard procedures stated in ACI211.1.

Steps in Proportioning Design Mix under ACI Method:

1. From separate tests, determine material properties (bulk SG, bulk
a. What is the volume of cement (m3) needed?
dry density, fineness modulus, moisture content)
b. What is the volume of sand (m3) needed?
2. Identify job specification (type of construction, exposure, required
c. What is the density of the concrete mix, in kg/m3?
strength, nominal maximum aggregate size)
3. Determine amount of slump.
4. Identify required water content and air content.
SITUATION 6: The figure shows a floor plan of a storage room. The
5. Determine required water-cement (w/c) ratio depending on the
height of wall is 3.60m. The size of CHB is 400 m ×200 m x150 m.
required strength.
Assume density of steel equal to 7,860 kg/m?
*Note: Double check the values with the corresponding limits,
depending on assumed exposure condition of the concrete mix
6. Calculate cement content.
7. Determine gravel content.
8. Calculate required sand content in terms of volume.
9. Make adjustments for moisture content of aggregates.

SITUATION 3: It is required to produce 30 cu. m. of Class B (1 : 2 : 4

mix) concrete using the below material properties. Assume 1 bag of
cement has volume of 0.028 cu. m. Use 25 liters of water per bag of
cement.

a. What nearly estimates the quantity of CHB?

b. How much is the estimated volume of gravel?
Determine the ff: c. How much is the estimated volume of concrete?
a. Number of bags of cement required.
b. The quantity of sand (cu. m.) required.
c. The quantity of gravel (cu. m.) required. BIDDING / CONTRACTING
d. The quantity of water (liters) required.
SITUATION 7: In a concrete work, 2 m3 of concrete is finished in an
hour by a group of workers consisting of 1 foreman, 1 skilled worker,
SITUTATION 4: A concrete mixture is specified as 1 : 2.5 : 5 by and 5 unskilled workers. The foreman is paid P50.00 per hour, skilled
loose volume with 26 liters of water per bag of cement to produce a worker at P40.00 per hour, and each unskilled worker at P30.00 per
satisfactory mixture. It is required to produce 2.0 cu. m. of concrete. hour. A backhoe is to be rented for P1,200.00 per hour, a plate
Assume 1 bag of cement has a theoretical volume of 0.0283 cu. m. compactor for P150.00 per hour, and a water truck for P700.00 per

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MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS | Module & Problem Set
hour. For every cubic meter of concrete, the materials to be used are TIMBER DESIGN
9 bags of cement at P130.00 per bag, 0.50 m3 of sand at P900 per
m3 and 1.00 m3 of gravel at P750.00 per m3. Profit, overhead, SITUATION 10: The timber truss shown is subjected to a
insurance, and miscellaneous expenses is 30% of the labor, material, concentrated load P =20kN. The truss members are of 10 m ×150 m
and equipment cost. The value added tax is 10% of the labor and Guijo with the following allowable working stresses:
equipment rental.
a. What is the cost of labor and equipment per cubic meter of Shear parallel to grain = 1.00 MP a
concrete? Shear longitudinal for joints = 1.45 MPa
b. What is the cost of material per cubic meter of concrete? Compression parallel to the grain = 11 MPa
c. What is the total cost per cubic meter of concrete? Compression perpendicular to the grain = 5 MPa

SITUATION 8: The implementing rules and regulations of P.D.1594

states that for a unit price contract, quantity overruns or underruns of
not more than fifteen percent (15%) of the estimates per major pay
item(I.e. pay items which represents a t least 20% of the total
estimated cost) and twenty five percent (25%) per minor pay item in
the Bill of Quantities need not to be covered by Change Order
provided that the same is authorized by the Approving Authority for
the contract.

a. What is the Approved Agency Estimate (AAE)

b. Which items are major items?
c. Which of the following need not be covered by a Change
Order?
i. Decrease in quantity from 50 to 37 for item 2
ii. Decrease in quantity from 1,000 to 750 for item 5
iii. Increase in quantity from 500 to 625 for item 3
iv. Increase in quantity from 20 to 26 for item 8

SITUATION 9: A project has been bid out by the Department of

Public Works and Highways. The Approved Agency Estimate (AAE)
is P2,000,000. The results of responsive bids are as follows:
Bidder A=P2,320,000
Bidder B=P2,600,000
Bidder C=P2,040,000
Bidder D= P1,780,000
Bidder E =P1,290,000
Bidder F= P1,650,000
Bidder G =P2,440,000
Bidder H= P2,700,000
The implementing rules and regulations of P.D. 1594 states that no
award of contracts shall be made to a bidder whose bid price is
higher than the Allowable Government Estimate (AGE) or the
Approved Agency Estimate (AAE), whichever is higher, or lower than
seventy percent (70%) of the AGE. The Allowable Government
Estimate (AGE) is defined as one-half the sum of the AAE and the
average of all responsive bids. For purposes of determining the
average of all responsive bids, bids higher than one hundred twenty
(120%) of the AAE or lower than sixty percent (60%) of the AAE shall
not be considered. No negotiation will be allowed to bring down the
bid to the level of the AAE/AGE.
a. Which bidders are considered responsive?
b. What is the Allowable Government Estimate?
c. To which bidder can the project be awarded?

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ACI Method Tables

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