COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

Sector:
TOURISM

Qualification Title:
BREAD AND PASTRY PRODUCTION NCII

Unit of Competency:
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Practices in the Workplace

Module Title:
Exercising Efficient and Effective Sustainable Practices in the Workplace
 HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

Welcome to the module in “Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable

Practices in the Workplace” This module contains training materials and
activities for you to complete. This module also contains learning outcomes
required to develop career and life decisions.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are
Information Sheets, Follow these activities on your own. If you have questions,
do not hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.

This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency
in in “Exercising Efficient and Effective Sustainable Practices in the Workplace
“This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills
in this particular competency independently and at your own pace, with
minimum supervision or help from your instructor.

Remember to:

 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each section.
 Read Information Sheets and complete the Self-Checks.
 Perform the Task Sheets until you are confident that your output
conforms to the Performance Criteria Checklist that follows the sheets.
 Submit outputs of the Task Sheets to your facilitator for evaluation and
recording in the Accomplishment Chart. Outputs shall serve as your
portfolio during the Institutional Competency Evaluation. When you feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your trainer to
evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your
Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.
 You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation for this
competency before moving to another competency. A Certificate of
Achievement will be awarded to you after passing the evaluation.
 When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your
Trainer to evaluate you. The result of your assessment will be recorded in
your Record of Achievement and reflected in your Progress Chart and/or
Achievement Chart.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 2
of
108
 You need to complete this module before moving to another competency.

COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1 Participate in Workplace Participating in Workplace

400311210
Communication Communication

2 Work in Team Environment Working in Team Environment 400311211

3 Solve/Address General Solving/Addressing General

400311212
Workplace Problems Workplace Problems

4 Develop Career and Life Developing Career and Life

400311213
Decisions Decisions

5 Contribute to Workplace Contributing to 400311214

Innovation Workplace Innovation

6 Present Relevant Information Presenting Relevant 400311215

Information
7 Practice Occupational Safety Practicing Occupational Safety 400311216
and and Health Policies
Health Policies and Procedures and Procedures

Exercise Efficient and Effective Exercising Efficient and 400311217

8 Sustainable Practices in the Effective Sustainable Practices
Workplace in the Workplace

9 Practice Entrepreneurial Skills in Practicing Entrepreneurial 400311218

the Skills
Workplace in the Workplace

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 3
of
108
 MODULE CONTENT
Qualification Title: 21st Century Skills Basic

Competency Unit of Competency: Develop Career and Life

Decisions Module Title: Developing Career and Life Decisions

INTRODUCTION:

This module deals with the knowledge and skills and attitude to identify
determine
causes of inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness of resource utilization and Convey
inefficient and ineffective environmental practices.

This module covers materials to use such as CBLM, information sheets,

self-check, task sheet and performance checklist.

NOMINAL DURATION:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this module you MUST be able to:

Lo 1. Identify the efficiency and effectiveness of resource utilization

Lo 2. Determine causes of inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness of resource

utilization Lo 3. Convey inefficient and ineffective environmental

practices

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

 Written Examination
 Demonstration
 Observation

Document No. BPP NC II

Developed/ Issued By:
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: PTC-Orion
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga Revision No.0 Page 4
of 108
 Interviews/Questioning

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LEARNING OUTCOME #1
Answer SELF-CHECK 8.1-3 Identify
Refer your the efficiency
answers and
to the effectiveness
answer key for
Compare of
self- resource utilization
answers with answer key 8.1-3 check. You are required to get all
CONTENTS:
answers correctly. If not, read the
information sheets again to answer all
1. Importance of environmental literacy
2. Environmental work procedures questions correctly.
3. Waste minimization
Read INFORMATION
4. Efficient energy SHEET 8.1-4 Read and understand the information
consumption
on sheet
Efficient energy consumption After reading, answer the self-
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: check to determine your learning.
Answer
1.1 SELF-CHECK 8.1-4
Measure using appropriateRefer your answers
techniques requiredtoresource
the answer key for
utilization
Compare in the workplace self-
1.2 with
answers Record datakey
answer in accordance
8.1-4 with workplace
check. protocol.to get all
You are required
1.3 Compare the recorded data answersto correctly.
determineIf not,
the read
efficiency
the and
effectiveness of resourceinformation
of resourcesheets again to answer all to
utilization according
established environmental questions
work procedures.
correctly.
CONDITION:
Congratulations on a Job well done!!! You have now successfully completed
LO1 of basic and now ready for the Institutional Assessment. Good luck and use
what Workplace
 you have learned here well!!!
 Tools, materials and equipment relevant
to the tasks
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Manuals and references

EVALUATION METHOD:

 Written examination

Document No. BPP NC II

Developed/ Issued By:
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: PTC-Orion
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga Revision No.0 Page 5
of 108
 INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-1

Importance of Environmental Literacy

Learning
Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to :

1. Define Environmental Literacy
2. Enumerate the environmental
issues INTRODUCTION:
It is useful to consider that environmental policy comprises two
major terms: environment and policy. Environment refers to the physical
ecosystems, but can also take into consideration the social dimension (quality of
life, health) and an economic dimension (resource management, biodiversity).
Policy can be defined as a "course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a
government, party, business or individual". Thus, environmental policy focuses on
problems arising from human impact on the environment, which retroacts onto
human society by having a (negative) impact on human values such as good
health or the 'clean and green' environment.
Environmental issues generally addressed by environmental policy include
(but are not limited to) air and water pollution, waste management, ecosystem
management, biodiversity protection, the protection of natural resources, wildlife
and endangered species, and the preservation of these natural resources for future
generations. Relatively recently, environmental policy has also attended to the
communication of environmental issues.
What is Environmental literacy?

An individual’s understanding, skills and motivation to make responsible

decisions that considers his or her relationships to natural systems, communities and
future generations

Environmental Literacy is the desired outcome of environmental education which

strives to provide learners with:

 Sound scientific information

Document No. BPP NC II

Developed/ Issued By:
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: PTC-Orion
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga Revision No.0 Page 6
of 108
  Skills for critical thinking
 Creative and strategic problem solving
 Decision-making
The National Science Foundation’s Advisory Committee for Environmental
Research and Education noted that “Creating a scientifically informed citizenry
requires a concerted

Document No. BPP NC II

Developed/ Issued By:
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: PTC-Orion
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga Revision No.0 Page 7
of 108
systematic approach to environmental education.” (https://oelp.oregonstate.edu/oelp-
plan/what- environmental-literacy)

Document No. BPP NC II

Developed/ Issued By:
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: PTC-Orion
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga Revision No.0 Page 8
of 108
 Environmental policy is the commitment of an organization or government to
the laws, regulations, and other policy mechanisms concerning environmental
issues. These issues generally include air and water pollution, waste management,
ecosystem management, maintenance of biodiversity, the protection of natural
resources, wildlife and endangered species. Concerning environmental policy, the
importance of implementation of an eco-energy- oriented policy at a global level to
address the issues of global warming and climate changes should be
accentuated. Policies concerning energy or regulation of toxic substances
including pesticides and many types of industrial waste are part of the topic of
environmental policy. This policy can be deliberately taken to direct and
oversee human

Document No. BPP NC II

Developed/ Issued By:
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: PTC-Orion
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga Revision No.0 Page 9
of 108
activities and thereby prevent harmful effects on the biophysical environment and
natural resources, as well as to make sure that changes in the environment do not
have harmful effects on humans.

The rationale for governmental involvement in the environment is market failure

in the form of forces beyond the control of one person, including the free rider
problem and the tragedy of the commons. An example of an externality is when a
factory produces waste pollution which may be dumped into a river, ultimately
contaminating water. The cost of such action is paid by society-at-large, when they
must clean the water before drinking it and is external to the costs of the factory.
The free rider problem is when the private marginal cost of taking action to protect
the environment is greater than the private marginal benefit, but the social
marginal cost is less than the social marginal benefit. The tragedy of the commons
is the problem that, because no one person owns the commons, each individual
has an incentive to utilize common resources as much as possible. Without
governmental involvement, the commons is overused. Examples of tragedies of the
commons are overfishing and overgrazing.

Environmental policy instruments are tools used by governments to implement

their environmental policies. Governments may use a number of different types of
instruments. For example, economic incentives and market-based instruments such
as taxes and tax exemptions, tradable permits, and fees can be very effective to
encourage compliance with environmental policy. Corporate companies who engage
in efficient environmental management and are transparent about their
environmental data and reporting benefit from improved business performance.
Bilateral agreements between the government and private firms and
commitments made by firms independent of government requirement are examples
of voluntary environmental measures. Another instrument is the implementation of
greener public purchasing programs.
Several instruments are sometimes combined in a policy mix to address a certain
environmental problem. Since environmental issues have many aspects, several
policy instruments may be needed to adequately address each one. Furthermore, a
combination of different policies may give firms greater flexibility in policy
compliance and reduce uncertainty as to the cost of such compliance.
Government policies must be carefully formulated so that the individual
measures do not undermine one another, or create a rigid and cost-ineffective
framework. Overlapping policies result in unnecessary administrative costs,
increasing the cost of implementation. To help governments realize their policy

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 10
of 108
goals, the OECD Environment Directorate collects data on the efficiency and
consequences of environmental policies implemented by the national governments.
The website, www.economicinstruments.com, provides database detailing
countries' experiences with their environmental policies. The United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe, through UNECE Environmental Performance
Reviews, evaluates progress made by its member countries in improving their
environmental policies.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 11
of 108
 The current reliance on a market-based framework is controversial, however, and
many environmentalists contend that a more radical, overarching approach is
needed than a set of specific initiatives, to deal with climate change. For example,
energy efficiency measures may actually increase energy consumption in the
absence of a cap on fossil fuel use, as people might drive more fuel-efficient cars.
Thus, Aubrey Meyer calls for a 'framework-based market' of contraction and
convergence. The Cap and Share and the Sky Trust are proposals based on the
idea.
Environmental impact assessments (EIA) are conducted to compare impacts of
various policy alternatives. Moreover, it is assumed that policymakers make rational
decisions based on the merits of the project. Eccleston and March argue that
although policymakers normally have access to reasonably accurate information,
political and economic factors often lead to environmentally destructive decisions in
the long run.
The decision-making theory casts doubt on this premise. Irrational decisions are
reached based on unconscious biases, illogical assumptions, and the desire to avoid
ambiguity and uncertainty.
Eccleston identifies and describes four of the most critical environmental policy
issues facing humanity: water scarcity, food scarcity, climate change, and the
population paradox

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 12
of 108
 SELF- CHECK 8.1-1

I. Identification. Identify the following:

1. An individual’s understanding, skills and motivation to make

responsible decisions that considers his or her relationships to
natural systems, communities and future generations

2. Refers to the physical ecosystems, but can also take into

consideration the social dimension (quality of life, health) and an
economic dimension resource management, biodiversity.

3. A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a

government, party, business or individual.

4. The commitment of an organization or government to the laws,

regulations, and other policy mechanisms concerning
environmental issues.

5. Tools used by governments to implement their environmental policies.

6. Collects data on the efficiency and consequences of

environmental policies implemented by the national
governments.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 13
of 108
 Answer key 8.1-1

1. Environmental Literacy
2. Environment
3. Policy
4. Environmental policy
5. Environmental policy instruments
6. OECD Environment Directorate

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 14
of 108
 INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-2

Environmental Work Procedures

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to :

1. Enumerate the steps under environmental issues.
2. Identify the practices under the environmental issues

INTRODUCTION
A procedure is a series of steps, taken together, to achieve a desired result. It is a
particular way of accomplishing something as in a repetitive approach, process or
cycle to accomplish an end result. To make an effective process procedure we need
to ensure that each repetition of the process has the ability to achieve the desired
or planned results.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 15
of 108
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

Issue(s) Practice
to s
Control
Asbestos Use  Forbid the use of asbestos and materials that contain
and Handling asbestos in all existing and future works.
 Appoint registered personnel to carry out
removal/handling of asbestos, asbestos investigation
report and asbestos abatement plan.

 Conduct routine and major maintenance in

accordance to manufacturer’s instructions, and
Emission of Dark maintain records of all inspections and maintenance
Smoke from works.
Plant and  Use fuel of quality specified by manufacturer/supplier.
 Shut down all vehicles and plant in intermittent use
Equipment
between work periods or throttle down to a minimum
idling speed (if the
former is not possible).

Open Burning on  Forbid open burning of wastes (C&D waste, tyres,

cables, or other solid waste).

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 16
of 108
Site

General requirements:

Dust Emission from Operate air pollution control equipment properly and
Construction effectively, in accordance to manufacturer’s
instructions.
/Demolition
 In the event of a malfunctioning or breakdown of any
Activities air pollution control equipment, suspend the plant,
process(s) or activity(s) concerned as soon as
practicable until the equipment is restored to its proper
function.
 Do not use compressed air jet for cleaning or clearing
dust from vehicles, equipment, other materials and
person except for cleaning formwork or other surfaces
receiving concrete prior to concreting or cleaning of
slopes prior to shattering.
Site boundary and entrance:

Provide vehicle washing facilities at every vehicle exit


point.
 Where a site boundary adjoins a road, street, service
lane or other area accessible to the public, provide
hoarding of not less than 2.4 m high from ground level
along the entire length of that portion of the site
boundary except for a site entrance or exit.
Access road (main haul road):

Pave with concrete, bituminous materials, hardcores or


metal plates, and kept clear of dusty materials; or
 Spray with water;
 Keep the portion of any road leading only to a
construction site that is within 30 m of a discernible or
designated vehicle entrance or exit clear of dusty
materials.
Exposed earth:

 Treat properly by applying water spray, surface

compaction, turfing, hydroseeding, vegetation planting
or sealing with latex, vinyl, bitumen, shortcrete or
temporary covers.
 Schedule construction programme to complete works
on open areas as quickly as possible.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 17
of 108
 Dusty materials:

Dispose of cement, pulverized fuel ash or any other


dusty materials collected by fabric filters or other air
pollution control system or equipment in totally
enclosed containers.
Stockpile of dusty materials:

 Cover stockpile over 50m3 entirely by impervious

sheeting with enclosure extending at least 1 m above
and beyond the stored materials.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 18
of 108
  Place in an area sheltered on the top and the 3 sides.
 Spray with water.
Loading, unloading or transfer of dusty materials:

Spray all dusty materials (except cement and PFA) with

water immediately prior to any loading, unloading or
transfer operation.
 Control height from which excavated materials are
dropped to a practical minimum.
Pneumatic or power-driven drilling, cutting, polishing, breaking
or
crushing:

Spray water continuously on the surface during

operation.
 Transfer of dusty materials with a belt conveyor system:
 Enclose belt conveyor on top and 2 sides.
 Enclose every transfer point between any 2 belt
conveyors.
 Install belt scraper at the head pulley of every belt
conveyor to dislodge fine particles that may adhere to
the belt surface and to reduce carry-back of fine
particles on the return belt
 Equip the belt scraper with bottom plates to prevent
falling of materials from the return belt.
 Provide every stockpiling belt conveyor with a
mechanism to adjust its level such that the vertical
distance between the belt conveyor outlet and the
material landing point is maintained at not more than 1
m.
 Enclose the area for the unloading of dusty materials
from a belt conveyor outlet to any stockpile, storage
bin, truck and barge on top and 3 sides.
Use of vehicles:

 Wash every vehicle to remove any dusty materials from

its body and wheels immediately before leaving the
site.
 Restrict vehicles to minimum practicable speed limits
(< 10 km/h).
 Where a vehicle leaving a construction site is carrying a
load of dusty materials, cover the load entirely by clean
impervious sheeting, which extends over the edges of
Document No. BPP NC II
Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 19
of 108
 properly fitting side and tail boards and dampen
materials before transportation.
 Make sure dusty materials are not loaded to a level
higher than the side and tail boards.
Debris handling:

 Cover debris entirely by impervious sheeting or store in

a debris collection area, sheltered on top and 3 sides.
 Enclose every debris chute by impervious sheeting or
similar materials.
Before debris is dumped into a debris chute, spray with
water.
Excavation or earth moving:

Spray working area of any excavation or earth moving


operation with water immediately before, during and
immediately after the operation.
Cement and dry pulverised ash

 For every stock of more than 20 bags of cement or dry

pulverized fuel ash, cover entirely by impervious sheeting
or place in an area sheltered on top and 3 sides.
 For cement or dry pulverized fuel ash delivered in bulk,
store in a closed silo fitted with an audible high level
alarm which is interlocked with the material filling line
such that an audible alarm is triggered and the material
filling stops within one minute.
 Do not overfill silos used for the storage of cement or dry
pulverized fuel ash.
 Carry out loading, unloading, transfer, handling or storage
of bulk cement or dry pulverized fuel ash or any cement or
dry pulverized fuel ash during or after the de-bagging
process, in a totally enclosed system or facility, and install
effective fabric filter or equivalent air pollution control
system on vent or exhaust systems.
 For production of concrete or any other substances using
bagged cement or dry pulverized fuel ash in a standard
bag (not exceeding 50 kg), carry out de-bagging, batching
and mixing processes in an area sheltered on top and 3
sides.
Site clearance:

 Spray working area for the uprooting of trees, shrubs, or

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 20
of 108
 vegetation or for the removal of boulders, poles, pillars or
temporary or permanent structures with water
immediately before, during and immediately after
operation.
 Cover all demolished items (including trees, shrubs,
vegetation, boulders, poles, pillars, structures, debris,
rubbish and other items arising from site clearance) that
may dislodge dust particles entirely by impervious
sheeting or placed in an area sheltered on top and 3 sides
within a day of demolition.
Blasting:

 Spray with water on regions within 30 m from the blasting

area prior to blasting.
 Where practicable, utilise blast nets and canvas covers.
 Do not perform blasting when the strong wind signal or
tropical cyclone warning signal No. 3 or higher is hoisted
unless prior to

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 21
of 108
 Document No. BPP NC II
Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 22
of 108
 permission of the Commissioner of Mines is obtained.
 Use compressors with ozone-friendly refrigerants where
possible.
Compressor Units  Make sure ODS used in the compressors are
of Plants and imported from country or places which are party to the
Equipment (e.g. Montreal Protocol.
 Make sure approved refrigerant recycling/recovery
concrete batching equipment is used in maintenance services to
plants, vehicles) compressors with a ODS refrigerant charge of over 50
kg.
 Make sure during maintenance of vehicles, ODS
refrigerants in the compressor units are not
intentionally vented.
Water Pollution
Stormwater A. Water Discharge from Construction/Demolition/Excavation
Materials Storage:
polluted with Debris
 Minimise the areas of exposed ground
/Chemicals
 Locate siltation traps at key points on the site (areas
where the ground slopes or where run off could enter
groundwater or a river or the sea) and discharge all
runoff through the traps.
 Provide adequate drainage channels lined with
impervious material.
 Construct catchpits for stormwater and perimeter
channels for site discharge in advance of site formation
and earthworks.
 Regularly inspect drains for structural defects and
maintain drains (e.g. remove silt regularly).
 Ensure integrity of hoarding to prevent uncontrolled
discharge to stormwater drains outside site boundaries.
 Where not possible to install temporary water
drainage works as above, use sand bags (and sealed
hoarding) to divert site water run-offs to siltation tank
and water treatment systems.
 Avoid carrying out earthworks during the rainy season
and if is not avoidable ensure that the works are kept to
a minimum.
 Cover temporarily exposed slopes and stockpiles by
tarpaulin, etc. protect access road by crushed stone or
gravel (as excavation proceeds) and provide
intercepting channels (along crest/edge of excavation).
 Surround earthworks by dykes or embankments for
flood protection and cover earthworks as appropriate.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 23
of 108
  To prevent soil erosion, compact earthworks final
surfaces and perform subsequent permanent
work/surface protection immediately after surface
formation and provide appropriate drainage.
 Cover and seal manholes (including newly constructed
ones).
 Discharge groundwater from wells (for lowering of
ground water level in basement or foundation
construction and tunnel/caverns construction) and
wastewater from boring and drilling into stormwater
drains after passing through silt removal

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 24
of 108
 facilities.
 Reuse water used in ground boring and drilling for site
investigation or rock/soil anchoring as far as practical
after sedimentation.

 Ensure that the road from the wheel washing facilities
to the end of the site is paved with backfall to prevent
runoff of wash water.
 Discharge water from the wheelwash and car-washing
facilities through a sediment trap.

B. Sedimentation Tanks:
Stormwater  Position sediment tanks upstream and downstream of
any modified culvert sections in order to minimise
polluted with Debris sediment loading.
/Chemicals (cont’d)  Ensure out flow from the sediment traps is low enough
and trap design allows for settling of deposits at bottom
 Design sediment traps taking into account seasonal
variations in rainfall.
 Control water flow into the tank to allow for
sedimentation by provision of additional retention
tanks, etc.Cover tanks to minimise deposition of debris
and silt.
 Maintain pipes from tanks in good condition to minimise
leaks and spills of treated water which can pick up
debris and silt and has to be treated again.
 Recondition and reuse slurries (used in diaphragm wall
Bentonite Slurries and bore-pile construction) wherever possible.
 Dewater used slurry prior to disposal at marine spoil
grounds (subject to issue of marine dumping licence
from EPD).
 Mix liquid slurry with inert fill materials and dispose as
above.
 Elaborated slurry treatment required to satisfy
standards set out in the WPCO TM on Standard
Effluents for disposal into public drainage system.
 Locate dip trays underneath trucks and equipment for
Oil Contaminated fuelling and maintenance.
 Provide secondary containment and roofing for
Water vehicle plant servicing areas, vehicle wash bays and
lubrication bays (if any).
 Use oil interceptors to remove O&G, and dispose the

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 25
of 108
 E. Use portable noise barriers/enclosures with skid footing and a
small cantilevered upper portion for noisy stationary/mobile
plants:
sludge as chemical waste.
 Can be constructed from available building materials
(plasterboard, plywood, chipboard) or purposely made
acoustically isolative lining products.
Noise level at 15 meters is Leq = 67dB(A).
 Noise reduction of up to 10dB possible for stationary plant
A. Resilient packing and dolly (in where noisy piling method
(compressor, water pump, drilling rigs, generator, various
Percussive Piling - cannot be avoided):
hand tools and saw).
Control of Piling 
 Noise Protecting headofofup
reduction piletoby5dB
a helmet fitted
possible forwith resilient
mobile plant
packing and a dolly which cushions the blow of the
Noise (bulldozer, excavator, loader, truck mixer, mobile crane,
hammer.
vibrator and breaker).
 Inspecting the dolly and packing regularly and
maintaining them in good working condition.
B. Shrouding
 Completely enclose pile driver in a shroud when noisy
A. Selectpiling
quietmethod cannot
equipment be avoided.
whenever possible:
Powered  Silenced/super silenced compressorsframework
 Shroud should consist of robust or electric fitted with
compressor
acoustically designed
(when mains power available);cladding/panels.
Mechanical Alternatively, a flexible

 Hydraulic concrete cutters thick vinyl curtain
and crushers, andisrock
suspended
drills (up
Equipment from to enclose the whole
to 20 dB noise reduction). length of pile and driver to keep
General noise levels to minimum.
 Pneumatic breakers fitted with mufflers and damping collars
Construction C. (up to 21dB
Damping of noise reduction)
steel pile:
Works  Treat steel pile columns with damping compounds to
reduce ringing noise.
 Apply damping compounds onto surface of pile.
D. Resilient packing and dolly (in where noisy piling method
A. Consider
cannotthe be use of Hydraulic Hammers:
avoided):
Percussive Piling - 
Noise level at head
Protecting 15 meters
of pile- Lby less
eq a than fitted
helmet 90 dB(A).
with resilient
Quieter Proprietary

No packing
exhaust and
noise or airwhich
a dolly pollutant emission.
cushions the blow of the
hammer.
Piling Methods
 Inspecting
B. Consider the usethe dollyImpulse
of BSP and packing regularly and
Pile Driver:
maintaining them in good working condition.
 Not suitable for very hard driving conditions.
A. Must comply with specified Noise Emissions Standards,
 Reduce noise level to Leq of 87-89 dB(A) at 15 meters.
Hand Held which is confirmed by the issue of a Noise Emission Label
from the manufacturer or supplier.
Percussive C. B.
Consider the use of HUSH Piling System:
Only purchase/use equipment with authentic Noise
Breakers which are  Emission
Piling rates are
Labels. comparable to conventional systems.
heavier than 10kg  Noise level of Leq = 75 dB(A) at 15 meters is achievable.
and Air
Compressors D. Consider the use of SERF Pilemaster:
A.
 Provide
Comparable building
to conventional
insulation to systems
most when
of theoperating
affectedin
All Vehicles, Plants clay
NSRs soils, silts
(e.g. & fine sands.
acoustically isolative windows and air
conditioning).
and Equipment for
 only adopted as last resort (if measures fails) due to
Noise Experienced financial implications and receiver deprived of outdoor
Document No. BPP NC II
at NSRs activities and “open window lifestyle”. Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 26
WASTE MANAGEMENT of 108
A. Waste Management Plan (WMP): (if required)
General Waste  Formulate a WMP before construction starts. (refer to
Management EI-02)
 Review WMP monthly and update WMP if necessary.
B. Storage, Collection and Transportation:
 Ensure disposal of wastes at licensed landfill sites.

Use authorised or licensed wastes collectors

(including chemical wastes).
 Provide labelled bins or compaction units for storage of
general refuse and separate from construction and
chemical wastes.
 Handle and store waste in a secure manner to avoid
pollution or contamination by wastes.
 Maintain and clean waste storage areas on regularly.
 Prohibit general littering on site (both on land or sea).
 Influence waste collectors to cover trucks with
impervious sheeting or transport waste in enclosed
containers to minimise windblown litter and dust
generation during transportation.
 Forbid open burning on site issued and communicated
to all staff members and sub contractors.
C. Waste Minimisation and Recycling:
 Minimise over-ordering and wastage of construction
materials.
 Design formwork to maximise use of standard wooden
panels to achieve high reuse levels and consider
steel/plastic alternatives for increase potential for reuse
and reduce wastes.
 Ensure works quality to avoid unnecessary demolition.
 Establish on-site waste segregation with separately
allocated storage areas (for timber, paper, metal,
plastic, inert C&D waste).
 Use of separate chutes for inert and non-inert wastes.
 Maintain records of waste generated/disposed/recycled.
 Adopt alternative working methods to minimise
wastage where possible (e.g. use precast concrete
rather than in situ concrete, reduce timber formwork
requirements).
 Employ construction and design methods which reduce
the use of polystyrenes wherever feasible.
 Reuse concrete and masonry wastes from cut and fill
operations as general fill materials.
 Influence suppliers to minimise/use recyclable
packaging.
 Return package materials to suppliers/other
organisations for reuse/recycle as possible.
 Provide separate labelled containers paper, aluminium

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 27
of 108
 and plastic bottles to facilitate recycling of domestic
solid waste.
 Reuse inert demolition wastes as general filling
Construction and materials on site where possible
 Ensure C&D waste are disposed of at the designated
Demolition Wastes Public Filling Area or landfill; otherwise influence waste
collector to dispose the waste in Public Filling Areas.
 Maintain trip tickets record.
 Reuse on site as fill material as possible.
 Complete the Fill Management Committee (FMC)

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 28
of 108
Surplus Excavated Questionnaire on Surplus and Fill Requirements and
Materials return to FMC for inclusion in the Fill Management
Database to increase opportunity for reuse in other
projects.
 Facilitate exchange of surplus material by liaison with
other sites/ contractors
 Transport to Public Filling Areas if the above measures
are not possible.
 Dispose dredged mud and sediment as directed by the
Marine Fill Committee (MFC) and obtain dumping
Marine Mud and licence from the EPD;
Sediment Disposal  Dredge, transport and dispose contaminated mud and
sediment at approved dumping grounds as specified in
the ETWBTC (Works) No. 34/2002;
 Complete the Fill Requirements and Surplus Data Form 1
and return to MFC for inclusion in the Fill Management
Database database to increase opportunity for reuse in
other projects
 (refer to Appendix 1 Water Pollution Control for
measures for controlling impact on the water column)
A. Register with EPD as Chemical Waste Producer and
Chemical Wastes apply for a revision if the types of chemical waste to be
disposed from the Project site change.
(e.g. spent lube,
sludge from oil
interceptors,
contaminated
gloves/rags,
bentonite slurry)
B. Appoint licensed collector(s) (from EPD’s list of approved
registered chemical waste collectors) to collect and
dispose of chemical wastes.
C. Maintain records of wastes generated/collected.
D. Adopt alternative working practices/processes
to eliminate/reduce/generate less toxic chemical
wastes.
E. Adopt storage, handling, transportation and disposal
practices in accordance to the EPD publication “Code of
Practice on the Packaging. Labelling and Storage of Chemical
Wastes”:
 Provide appropriate wastes containers for each type of
chemical waste generated on site. (Use container with

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 29
of 108
 capacity less than 450 litre unless specification
approved by EPD.)
 Ensure that containers are in good condition, closed/
sealed.
 Put chemical waste labels with the appropriate
information (in Chinese and English) on chemical waste
containers
 Maintain waste containers upright to minimise
spillage/leakage.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 30
of 108
 Designate separate storage facilities for incompatible
chemical waste, and provide these areas with
prominent signage, lock, etc.
 Provide secondary containment (e.g. drip trays or
impermeable floor and bunding) and adequate
ventilation for storage areas. (Capacity of the
secondary containment should be able to
accommodate 110% of the volume of the largest
container or 20% of the total volume of waste stored,
whichever is greatest.)
 Water collected within chemical waste storage areas
must be tested and disposed as chemical waste if
necessary;
F. Dispose bentonite slurry as alkali chemical waste in
accordance to the procedures above.
G. Provide storage facilities for car batteries and/or battery
acids if the disposal of such waste from the Project Site is
necessary.
Asbestos Waste  Ensure that the implementation of asbestos abatement
plan, and handling and disposal of asbestos waste are
carried out by EPD registered professionals.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 31
of 108
 SELF- CHECK 8.1-2

I. Matching Type. Match Column A to Column B.

A B

1. Provide separate labelled

containers paper, aluminium
and plastic bottles to facilitate a. Air Pollution Control
recycling of domestic solid
waste

2. Use fuel of quality b. Water Pollution

specified by Control
manufacturer/supplier.
3. Regularly inspect drains for
structural defects and c. Noise Pollution Control
maintain drains.

4. Avoid simultaneous d. Waste Management

operation of noisy equipment. Control

5. Prohibit general littering on

site (both on land or sea).

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 32
of 108
 ANSWER KEY 8.1-2

1. D
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 33
of 108
 INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-3

Waste Minimization

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to :

1. Identify Waste minimization.
2. Enumerate the benefits of waste minimization and waste minimization
technique and
3. Differentiate 3Rs.

Introduction:

Waste minimization entails limiting the amount of waste that is generated

thereby helping to eliminate the production of persistent and harmful wastes
effectively supporting efforts that promote a society that is sustainable. Thus, waste
minimization involves a change of societal patterns that relate to production and
consumption as well as redesigning products to eliminate the generation of waste.
(https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/what-is-the-process-of- minimizing-
waste.php)

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 34
of 108
 Waste minimization is a set of processes and practices intended to reduce the
amount of waste produced. By reducing or eliminating the generation of
harmful and persistent wastes, waste minimization supports efforts to promote a
more sustainable society. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_minimisation)

Benefits of Waste Minimization

While it is obvious that waste minimization supports sound business and economic
practices in addition to protecting the environment, other benefits include the
following:

 Improved product quality – New technological practices and innovation will not only
reduce generation of waste but also contribute to improved input quality that
translates to improved products.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 35
of 108
 Economic benefits – Efficiency in product use translates to reduced costs when
purchasing materials thus significantly affecting financial performance.

 Efficiency of production practices – Waste minimization will attain more output of the
product for every part of raw material.

 Environmental responsibility – eliminating or minimizing generation of waste will

make it easy for you to achieve environmental policies, standards and regulations.

 Improved Public image – Embracing waste minimization will boost the reputation of
your company, as it is a reflection of proactive movement in the quest to protect
the environment.

3 R’s of Waste Minimization

Waste minimization revolves around three R’s as follows:

 Reduce
This calls for using resources that are just enough to cater to your needs for
instance building a smaller house. This is an effective way of conserving resources
as it also lowers the costs. This can be achieved through attaining accuracy when
ordering to ensure that there is no waste or no material is sitting on the site for long
periods that it is damaged.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 36
of 108
  Reuse

Here, you will do well to reuse existing materials and buildings effectively reducing
the need for resources while lowering waste volumes and saving money. A huge
percentage of resources are incorporated in the construction of homes owing to the
mixed materials that are used yet the end destination for most of them are landfills.
Thus, renovating a house is a much better option than bringing it down to put up
another one because a negligible fraction of the old house may be reused/recycled.

 Recycle
Using left over resources or those resources that have reached the end of their life
minimizes the need for new materials as well as lowers the volume that ends up in
landfills. Thus, it is advisable to use materials that are recyclable as this creates a
market for the resources that are recycled while also raising the price that recyclers
pay for resources that are recovered even as the recycling viability increases.

Waste Minimization Techniques

 Optimization of resources
In order to reduce the quantity of waste that is produced by individuals or
organizations calls for the optimization of raw materials used in production. For
instance, a dressmaker will do well to arrange the pieces of pattern in a certain way
along the length of the fabric to use a small portion of the fabric.

■ Scrap metal reuse

Incorporating scraps into the initial stages of manufacturing is a surefire way of
ensuring that they do not end up in landfills as waste products. A majority of
industries embrace this process effectively returning rolls that are damaged to the
initial production line and in the manufacturing of off cuts, plastic items so that
scrap is re-incorporated in the new commodities.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 37
of 108
 ■ Quality control improvement and process monitoring
Measures can be put in place to control the number of rejects and ensure it is at a
minimum. This may be achieved through increased frequency of inspection as well
as increasing the number of inspection points. For instance, installation of
continuous monitoring device that is automated will help in identifying production
problems before they get to an advanced stage.

■ Exchange of Waste
Here, the waste products from one process are used as raw materials for other
processes. Exchange of waste is another means of minimizing waste disposal
volumes especially for waste that may not be eliminated.

■ Shipping to the point of use

Here, raw materials as well as other components are directly delivered at the point
of assembly or manufacturing plant ostensibly to minimize handling and use of
enclosures and protective wrappings.

■ Zero waste
This systems approach is designed to eliminate waste from the source as well as at
every point of the supply chain to ensure that no waste is produced. This design
philosophy places emphasis on waste prevention and not waste management at the
end of production line.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 38
of 108
 ■ Waste Minimization for Households
Households can practice waste minimization by employing various techniques. One
of the ways to achieve this is through purchasing adequate sizes and amounts of
food. Purchasing large containers of paint when taking small decorating jobs or
purchasing large volumes of food than you need will result in wastage. In instances
where cans or packs may be thrown the remains of the containers should be
removed to allow for recycling of the container.

Home composting, thoughtful use of electricity as well as reducing the number of

car journeys is also a great way of waste minimization. Generally, buying fewer
products or products that last longer, mending worn or broken equipment or
clothing can also minimize household waste. Additionally, households can also
minimize wastage of water and cycle or walk to various destinations as opposed to
using cars thereby saving on fuel. Overall, personal waste reduction will have an
effect on the general waste volumes. Consumers may also shun products without
eco-labeling.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 39
of 108
 SELF- CHECK 8.1-3

I. Enumeration. Enumerate the following:

1–5 Benefits of Waste

Minimization 6 – 8 3 R’s of Waste

Minimization

9 – 10 Waste Minimization Techniques

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 40
of 108
 ANSWER KEY 8.1-3

1. Improved product quality

2. Economic benefits
3. Efficiency of production practices
4. Environmental responsibility
5. Public image
6. Reduce
7. Reuse
8. Recycle
9. Zero waste
10. Scrap metal reuse

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 41
of 108
 INFORMATION SHEET 8.1-4

Efficient Energy Consumptions

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to :

1. Define efficient energy and
2. Enumerate the benefits of energy efficiency.

Introduction:
Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal to reduce
the amount of energy required to provide products and services. For example,
insulating a home allows a building to use less heating and cooling energy to
achieve and maintain a comfortable temperature. Installing LED lighting,
fluorescent lighting, or natural skylight windows reduces the amount of energy
required to attain the same level of illumination compared to using traditional
incandescent light bulbs. Improvements in energy efficiency are generally achieved
by adopting a more efficient technology or production process or by application of
commonly accepted methods to reduce energy losses.
There are many motivations to improve energy efficiency. Reducing energy use
reduces energy costs and may result in a financial cost saving to consumers if the
energy savings offset any additional costs of implementing an energy-efficient
technology. Reducing energy use is also seen as a solution to the problem of
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. According to the International Energy
Agency, improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial processes and
transportation could reduce the world's energy needs in 2050 by one third, and help
control global emissions of greenhouse gases. Another important solution is to

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 42
of 108
 remove government-led energy subsidies that promote high energy consumption
and inefficient energy use in more than half of the countries in the world.

Energy efficiency and renewable energy are said to be the twin pillars of
sustainable energy policy and are high priorities in the sustainable energy
hierarchy. In many countries energy efficiency is also seen to have a national
security benefit because it can be used to reduce the level of energy imports from
foreign countries and may slow down the rate of energy at which domestic energy
resources are depleted.

Benefits
From the point of view of an energy consumer, the main motivation of energy
efficiency is often simply saving money by lowering the cost of purchasing energy.
Additionally, from an energy policy point of view, there has been a long trend in a
wider recognition of energy efficiency as the "first fuel", meaning the ability to
replace or avoid the consumption of actual fuels. In fact, International Energy
Agency has calculated that the application of energy efficiency measures in the
years 1974-2010 has succeeded in avoiding more energy consumption in its
member states than is the consumption of any particular fuel, including oil, coal and
natural gas.
Moreover, it has long been recognized that energy efficiency brings other benefits additional to the
reduction of energy consumption. Some estimates of the value of these other benefits, often called
multiple benefits, co-benefits, ancillary benefits or non-energy benefits, have put their summed
value even higher than that of the direct energy benefits. These multiple benefits of energy
efficiency include things such as reduced climate change impact, reduced air pollution and
improved health, improved indoor conditions, improved energy security and reduction of the price
risk for energy consumers. Methods for calculating the monetary value of these multiple benefits
have been developed, including e.g. the choice experiment method for improvements that have a
subjective component (such as aesthetics or comfort) and Tuominen-Seppänen method for price
risk reduction. When included in the analysis, the economic benefit of energy efficiency
investments can be shown to be significantly higher than simply the value of the saved energy.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 43
of 108
 SELF- CHECK 8.1-4

I. True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F is the statement is

wrong.

1. Required energy use is also seen as a solution to the problem of reducing

greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Important solution is to remove government-led energy subsidies that
promote high energy consumption.
3. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are said to be the twin pillars of
sustainable energy policy and are high priorities in the sustainable energy
hierarchy.
4. The main motivation of energy efficiency is often simply saving money by
lowering the cost of purchasing energy.
5. Multiple benefits of energy efficiency include things such as reduced
climate change impact.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 44
of 108
 ANSWER KEY 8.1-4

1. F
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 45
of 108
LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LEARNING OUTCOME #2 Determine causes of inefficiency and/or

ineffectiveness of resource utilization

CONTENTS:

1. Causes of environmental inefficiencies and ineffectiveness

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

2.1List the potential causes of efficiency and/or ineffectiveness.

2.2Identify through deductive reasoning the causes of inefficiency and/or

ineffectiveness.

2.3Validate thru established environmental the identified causes of

inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness.
CONDITION:

 Workplace
 Tools, materials and equipment relevant to the tasks
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Manuals and references

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 46
of 108
 LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOME #2
Determine causes of inefficiency and/or ineffectiveness of resource utilization

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read INFORMATION SHEET 8.2-1 Read and understand the information

on sheet
Importance of environmental After reading, answer the self-
literacy check to determine your learning.

Answer SELF-CHECK 8.2-1 Refer your answers to the answer key

Compare for
answers with answer key 8.2-1 self- check. You are required to
get all answers correctly. If not,
read the information sheets
again to answer all questions
correctly.
Congratulations on a Job well done!!! You have now successfully completed
LO2 of basic and is now ready for the Institutional Assessment. Good luck and
use what you have learned here well!!!

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 47
of 108
 INFORMATION SHEET 8.2-1

Causes of Environmental Inefficiencies and Ineffectiveness

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to :

1. Determine the causes of environmental inefficiency and
2. Enumerate the factors of environmental inefficiency
Introduction:
Global and macro-economic overview of inefficiency

A review of the global and macro-economic flows of resources and their uses
provided a first indication on which resources are used most inefficiently and where
in the life cycle this occurs. The resources that are used the most in the economy
are not necessarily the same as those that are used most inefficiently, but the
total flow of resources in the economy provide an idea of which types of resource
use are most important to improve.

In industries characterized by frequent innovation and high productivity growth,

substantial variation in produced quantity and input use may occur, leading to
increased costs. An effect that has received little attention is that inefficiency can
exacerbate environmental impacts. This effect is particularly important if
environmentally damaging inputs are overused. In addition to increasing firms’
costs, such inefficiency can also increase the environmental impact of the firm's
activity. This makes the degree of inefficiency in an industry an issue for
environmental regulators.
(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222280562_Economic_inefficiency_and_e
nvironmental_impact)

Innovation has been instrumental both for increasing productivity in fish farming

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 48
of 108
and for reducing the environmental impact of fish farming [19]. The industry has
applied many forms of environmental innovation aimed at reducing the occurrence
of sea lice in fish farms, however, the industry has not yet succeeded in this area of
innovation.

Technical and governmental policies could have significant impacts on the

productive efficiency of aquaculture industry (Asche et al., 2009 Water problems
like decreasing salinity and marine water shortage are considered as imperative
problems affecting efficiencies of Artemia farms. To cope with these problems,
local governments are suggested to save more land and construct reservoirs to
store marine water in advance so that no shortage or decreasing salinity of marine
water arise due to unusual climates during culture period.

 The EU food system is particularly resource intensive in terms of biomass

extracted, freshwater withdrawals, land use, application of fertilizers and wild
fish catches. While there is significant potential to improve resource efficiency
related to agriculture, fisheries and food production, the greatest potential
seems to lie in addressing food consumption: diets, overconsumption and
food waste.

 Over 75% of EU’s primary energy consumption is based on fossil fuels.

Renewables represent about 10% of current energy consumption, but could
potentially cover all EU energy demand. In addition to being a finite resource,
the burning of fossil fuels is the main source of human induced GHG
emissions that lead to climate change. While renewable energy sources could
reduce GHG emissions significantly, this involves large investments and might
even put a even greater strain on the use of other resources, e.g. land and
water to produce bioenergy, critical raw materials to produce photovoltaics
and wind turbines. It would be less costly to increase energy efficiency in
power generation, buildings, transport and industry, even though this also
requires significant investments.

 Compared to other resources, metals are generally the most valued within the
economy. Despite being inherently recyclable, they are often sent to landfills
at their end-of-life. Besides reducing the demand for metal through better
design and longer product lifetimes, closing material loops seems to have the
greatest potential for increasing resource efficiency of metals.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 49
of 108
 Compared to other resources, metals are generally the most valued within the
economy. Despite being inherently recyclable, they are often sent to landfills
at their end-of-life. Besides reducing the demand for metal through better
design and longer product lifetimes, closing material loops seems to have the
greatest potential for increasing resource efficiency of metals.

 Minerals also have the potential to be more efficiently reused and recycled,
however the greatest potential for improving the resource efficiency of
construction minerals is through better design and planning of buildings and
infrastructure. It also holds the potential for more efficient use of land, energy
and water related to buildings and urban areas. Other minerals, phosphorus in
particular, are used very inefficiently with losses occurring throughout the life
cycle.

 The greatest users of freshwater in the EU are the energy sector (for cooling
purposes), the agricultural sector, public water supply and industry. The
greatest inefficiencies identified were related to irrigation technologies and
practices; leakages in the public supply system and evaporation in (energy
production) cooling systems. There is also scope for significant improvements
in the water efficiency of water-using products (e.g. toilets, showers,
dishwashers, washing machines, etc.) and buildings as well as the potential
for reusing wastewater and harvesting rainwater.

 The main inefficiencies identified related to land use is land conversion from
natural land to agricultural or built-up land (particularly, urban sprawl and
transport infrastructures). Due to large remediation costs, abandoned
contaminated sites in particular represent inefficient use of land, which is a
finite and scarce resource.

 From a general perspective of resource use, the extraction of all natural

resources and the generation of environmentally harmful emissions and
waste along all life cycle stages

are often the cause to severely degraded ecosystems and their ability to
provide the services that the economy is dependent on. In most cases
ecosystems provide these benefits in a much more efficient manner than
humans are capable of. The main drivers of resource inefficiency.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 50
of 108
The main drivers of resource inefficiency

A variety of factors that influence resource inefficiency were identified through both
the qualitative literature review and meta-analysis. These factors affect resource
efficiency in various ways, e.g. positive or negative, as well as directly or in
combination with other drivers (conjoint or moderator effects).

In most of the existing literature on resource efficiency, population growth and

rising income (affluence) are identified as two of the main root causes of existing
unsustainable patterns of resource use – regardless of the resource type (energy,
materials, water, land). However, rising income and population growth are mainly
indirect drivers – there are other factors with more direct influence on resource
inefficiency. Our analysis points to drivers that constitute part of the complex
interplay of factors: in particular consumption and production patterns that
translate the increasing affluence of ever more people (emerging middle-class
consumers) into lifestyles and habits associated with high resource use. This was
observed in relation to areas such as:

are often the cause to severely degraded ecosystems and their ability to
provide the services that the economy is dependent on. In most cases
ecosystems provide these benefits in a much more efficient manner than
humans are capable of. The main drivers of resource inefficiency.

The main drivers of resource inefficiency

A variety of factors that influence resource inefficiency were identified through both
the qualitative literature review and meta-analysis. These factors affect resource
efficiency in various ways, e.g. positive or negative, as well as directly or in
combination with other drivers (conjoint or moderator effects).

In most of the existing literature on resource efficiency, population growth and

rising income (affluence) are identified as two of the main root causes of existing
unsustainable patterns of resource use – regardless of the resource type (energy,
materials, water, land). However, rising income and population growth are mainly
indirect drivers – there are other factors with more direct influence on resource
inefficiency. Our analysis points to drivers that constitute part of the complex
interplay of factors: in particular consumption and production patterns that

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 51
of 108
translate the increasing affluence of ever more people (emerging middle-class
consumers) into lifestyles and habits associated with high resource use. This was
observed in relation to areas such as:

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 52
of 108
  dietary choices (high meat and dairy consumption),
 choice of transport modes and distance travelled (more use of individual
transport modes, increasing air travel), and
 housing preferences (larger living spaces per person, increasing number of
appliances in use, more efficient heating systems which in the context of the
rebound effect might even lead to an increase in excessive energy use).
All the above mentioned drivers appear to be directly affected – or at least indirectly
influenced
– by either resource efficiency fostering or impeding legal frameworks,
administrative settings and political actions. The meta-analysis showed that legal
administrative settings and political actions and legal/political frameworks/actions
were most often mentioned of among the drivers identified. While the focus of the
study was on factors affecting resource inefficiency, several factors were identified
that contribute to improving resource efficiency. The most commonly mentioned are
environmental concerns (mainly in relation to water pollution), resource prices, and
supply insecurity. While it can be discussed whether environmental concerns as
such are sufficiently powerful drivers for more efficient resource use, resource
prices and supply insecurity were shown to be considered powerful drivers that case
studies demonstrated to have already led to improvements in resource efficiency.
Both have direct economic impacts on business, trade and competitiveness.

In an attempt to classify drivers according to the way they influence the

improvement of resource efficiency, the following figure (based on the effect type
allocation) of indirect, intermediate and direct drivers was created.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 53
of 108
 SELF- CHECK 8.2-1

True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F is the statement is wrong.

1. Compared to other resources, minerals are generally the most valued within
the economy.
2. Minerals also have the potential to be more efficiently reused and recycled.
3. Metals holds the potential for more efficient use of land, energy and water
related to buildings and urban areas.
4. The extraction of all natural resources and the generation of environmentally
harmful emissions and waste along all life cycle stages are often the cause to
severely degraded ecosystems.
5. The greatest inefficiencies identified were related to irrigation technologies and
practices.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 54
of 81
 ANSWER KEY 8.2-1

1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 55
of 81
LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

LEARNING OUTCOME #3 Convey inefficient and ineffective

environmental practices

CONTENTS:

1. Personnel to address the environmental hazards

2. Environmental corrective actions

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

3.1Report to appropriate personnel the efficiency and effectiveness of resource

utilization

3.2Discuss with appropriate personnel the concerns related resource utilization.

3.3Raise and clarify with appropriate personnel the feedback on

information/concern.
CONDITION:

 Workplace
 Tools, materials and equipment
relevant to the tasks
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Manuals and references

EVALUATION METHOD:

 Written examination

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 56
of 81
 LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOME #3 Convey inefficient and ineffective environmental practices

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read INFORMATION SHEET 8.3-1 Read and understand the information

on sheet After reading, answer the self- check
Importance of environmental to determine your learning.
literacy

Answer SELF-CHECK 8.3-1 Refer your answers to the answer key for
Compare self-
answers with answer key 8.3-1 check. You are required to get all
answers correctly. If not, read the
information sheets again to answer all
questions correctly.
Read INFORMATION SHEET 8.3-2 Read and understand the information sheet
on After
Importance of environmental reading, answer the self- check to
literacy determine your learning.
Answer SELF-CHECK 8.3-2 Refer your answers to the answer key for
Compare self-
answers with answer key 8.3-2 check. You are required to get all
answers correctly. If not, read the
information sheets again to answer all
questions correctly.
Congratulations on a Job well done!!! You have now successfully completed LO3 of
basic and is now ready for the Institutional Assessment. Good luck and use what
you have learned here well!!!

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 57
of 81
 INFORMATION SHEET 8.3-1

Personnel to address the environmental hazards

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to :

1. Identify the responsiblities of the personnel and
2. Enumerate the development program
Introduction:
Republic Act No. 9003 otherwise known as “Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000.” An Act Providing for an Ecological Solid Waste
Management Program, creating the necessary institutional mechanisms and
incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties, appropriating
funds therefor, and for other purposes. Section 2 states that, It is the policy of state
to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management
program which shall:

(a) Ensure the protection of public health and environment;

(b) Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of

valuable resources and encourage resource conservation and recovery;

(c) Set guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction
through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including
composting, recycling, re- use, recovery, green charcoal process, and others,
before collection, treatment and disposal in appropriate and environmentally
sound solid waste management facilities in accordance with ecologically
sustainable development principles;

(d)Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and

disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 58
of 81
environmental practice in ecological waste management excluding
incineration;

(e) Promote national research and development programs for improved solid
waste management and resource conservation techniques, more effective
institutional arrangement and indigenous and improved methods of waste
reduction, collection, separation and recovery;

(f) Encourage greater private sector participation in solid waste management;

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 59
of 81
 (g) Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste management
with local government units while establishing a cooperative effort among the
national government, other local government units, non-government
organizations, and the private sector;

(h) Encourage cooperation and self-regulation among waste generators

through the application of market-based instruments;

(i) Institutionalize public participation in the development and implementation

of national and local integrated, comprehensive and ecological waste
management programs; and

(j) Strengthen the integration of ecological solid waste management and

resource conservation and recovery topics into the academic curricula of
formal and non-formal education in order to promote environmental awareness
and action among the citizenry.

Deans and Directors (defined as academic and non-academic Deans, Directors,

Assistant Vice Chancellors, Associate Vice Chancellors, and Associate Deans)
are responsible to:

 Ensure that environmental, health and safety obligations are carried out in the
academic departments/administrative units under their control.
 Communicate to employees, students, visitors and guests that health and
safety and a concern for the environment are top priorities on the Berkeley
Document No. BPP NC II
Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 60
of 81
 campus, and that everyone shares in the obligation to perform work in a safe,
healthful, environmentally protective manner.
 Ensure that their academic departments/administrative units are implementing
required programs in all subject areas including:
Ambient Air Quality

Program Biohazard Safety

Program Hazard

Communication Plan

Hazardous Materials Management

Plan Chemical Inventory

Emergency Response & Training Plan

Injury & Illness Prevention Program

Laboratory Safety/Chemical Hygiene

Plan Risk Management & Prevention

Program

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 61
of 81
 Wastewater Discharge

Priority Pollutant Management Program

Delegation: Deans and Directors may delegate the details of program

implementation to department chairs, safety chairs, department safety officers,
management services officers or other appropriate persons within their jurisdiction.
The ultimate responsibility, however, for ensuring implementation of these
programs at the academic department/administrative unit level remains with the
Deans and Directors.

MANAGERS (defined as academic and non-academic managers including Principal

Investigators, other faculty and any other manager with direct oversight of
operations) are responsible to:

 Ensure that environmental, health and safety obligations are carried out by
everyone working in their operations.
 Communicate to their employees, students and visitors that health and safety
and concern for the environment are top priorities on the Berkeley campus and
that everyone shares in the obligation to perform work in a safe, healthful,
environmentally protective manner.
 Analyze work procedures to identify hazards; ensure measures are
implemented to eliminate or control those hazards.
 Ensure workplace hazards and environmental, health and safety-related
policies and procedures are communicated to employees, students and
visitors.
 Ensure safe operating procedures are in place and are observed.
 Ensure individuals working in their operations have the proper safety
equipment and personal protective equipment to perform their work safely.
 Inform employees/students of the availability of a medical surveillance
program on campus to assist them in the case of potentially hazardous
exposures or injuries.
 Encourage prompt reporting of health and safety concerns without fear of reprisal.
Document No. BPP NC II
Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 62
of 81
  Curtail or stop work being carried out under their authority if they reasonably
believe that continuation of the work poses an imminent danger to health or
safety. Upon directing that work be curtailed or stopped, if the situation cannot
be corrected immediately, the Manager must notify 1) the Dean or Director
under whose responsibility the work is being performed, and 2) EH&S.
 Ensure that self-assessment inspections are performed regularly, that records
are retained and that deficiencies identified in any inspection (self-assessment
or EH&S) are addressed.

Managers have particular responsibilities in the following program areas (alphabetical

listing):

 Chemical Inventory Ensure that a chemical inventory report for every room or
site (where hazardous materials are stored) is submitted to EH&S and that it is
updated annually and whenever significant changes occur.
 Emergency Response and Training Plan Contribute to the development of the
departmental/unit plan, ensure that all employees, students and others know
about the plan, and communicate the importance of participating in drills and
otherwise following procedures set out in the plan. Departmental records must
be maintained up to three years indicating all employees who participate in
emergency response training.
 Environmental Permits Equipment and operations involving underground
storage tanks, regulated air emission sources, wastewater discharge or pre-
treatment units, and hazardous waste treatment units must have operating
permits, obtained via EH&S or Facilities Services (formerly PP-CS). The user has
the responsibility for providing relevant information to obtain permits, meeting
permit conditions, and any fiscal responsibility. EH&S or Facilities Services
coordinate permit applications.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 63
of 81
 Fire Prevention Inspection Upon receipt of a Fire Prevention Inspection Report,
ensure that all noted issues and concerns are corrected as appropriate.
 Groundwater Protection Program Report any hazardous materials or other
pollutants spilled to or discovered in soil or groundwater to EH&S for
appropriate emergency or non- emergency clean up.
 Hazard Communication Program Except in chemical laboratories, a written
Hazard Communication Program is required if hazardous materials are used or
stored. Implementation of the IIPP will satisfy the requirements of the Hazard
Communication Program.
 Hazardous Material and Waste Management Inform employees and students that
hazardous materials and hazardous waste, except as expressly authorized by
regulations or campus licenses or permits, may not be disposed of via the
sewer system, regular trash, fume hoods or other unsafe or environmentally
damaging routes; and to stress the importance of proper hazardous
material/waste management.
 Hazardous Materials Management Plan Major components of this Plan, Chemical
Inventory, Emergency Response, and Hazardous Material Spills are detailed
elsewhere in this section.
 Hazardous Material Spills and Releases Report immediately to EH&S or after
business hours to the UC Police Department (UCPD), any hazardous material
(except radioactive) spills or releases that could result in exposure of
individuals or in a release outside the laboratory or other location where these
materials are stored or used. Report to EH&S (or UCPD after business hours)
any spills that cannot be cleaned up promptly and any spills that result in
injury. The Manager must ensure that :

1. Appropriate spill containment and clean-up materials are readily

accessible to operations under her or his control.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 64
of 81
 2. Employees/students in the workplace or laboratory know where the spill
response materials are and know what to do in case of a spill or release.
3. EH&S (or the UC Police Department) has been promptly notified about
spills and releases occurring in operations under the manager's control.
 Hazardous Material/Waste Management - Laboratory Unwanted hazardous
material/waste from chemical manipulations carried out on a laboratory scale
where multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used must be pre-
packaged by the producer. A completed material packing list fully describing
the unwanted materials must be provided to EH&S to assist in classifying
hazardous waste prior to pick-up.
 Hazardous Material/Waste Management - Non-Laboratory Unwanted hazardous
waste generated by Facilities Services (formerly PP-CS) and other facilities that
are not laboratories and not under control of academic departments and that
do not directly support a laboratory operation must be pre-packaged by the
producer. A completed material packing list fully describing the unwanted
materials must be provided to EH&S to assist in classifying hazardous waste
prior to pick-up. In addition, these non-laboratories must establish satellite or
waste accumulation areas and manage waste in compliance with Federal
and state regulations/laws. EH&S is available for assistance in proper
hazardous waste management.
Hazardous Waste Minimization Ensure that work being carried out in their
operations is performed in a manner which prevents or reduces hazardous
waste generation at the source and that when it cannot be prevented, it is
managed in an environmentally safe manner. Methods of preventing or
reducing hazardous waste generation include substituting non-hazardous or
less hazardous materials for hazardous ones; making operational
improvements, instituting changes in processes, methods or techniques; and
reusing and recycling materials.

 Injury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP) The academic department/

administrative unit has the responsibility for local implementation and
documentation of the IIPP. Guidelines are available from EH&S.
 Laboratory Safety Program Ensure that a Chemical Hygiene Plan for laboratory
safety, where hazardous chemicals are stored or used, is developed,
implemented and coordinated with the departmental IIPP.
 Risk Management & Prevention Program Ensure that purchases of acutely
hazardous materials maintain building aggregate quantities to below threshold
planning quantities. If those levels are exceeded, ensure that a RMPP is

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 65
of 81
 completed prior to use.
 Special Materials (carcinogens or biohazards) Use Know which people under their
supervision use any of the special materials noted above. Obtain required
authorizations or submit the required registration information, as applicable,
for special materials.
 Biohazards Obtain a Biohazard Use Authorization (BUA) and ensure that anyone
using non-exempt recombinant DNA, hazardous etiologic agents or oncogenic
viruses has been listed on the BUA. Ensure that work is carried out in
accordance with applicable laws,

regulations and policies and the conditions contained in the BUA. EH&S can
offer assistance in determining whether a BUA is required.
 Carcinogens Ensure that "regulated carcinogens" have been registered with
EH&S; that all individuals working with "select carcinogens" [more inclusive
than "regulated carcinogens"] have been properly trained and are provided
with appropriate protective equipment or engineering controls; and that
procedures for the safe management of carcinogens are followed.
 Training Ensure that everyone working in their operations is appropriately
trained to identify and mitigate potential hazards.
1. Determine and ensure appropriate training for those working under their
supervision.

Contact the appropriate departmental person (such as a safety officer) or

EH&S as needed. Additional curriculum must be developed when new
processes, procedures or equipment are introduced to the work site.
2. Ensure that work requiring training is performed only by persons who
have received the proper training.
3. Document all training and know where records are retained.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 66
of 81
Delegation: Academic and Non-Academic Managers may delegate specific activities
to laboratory managers, research associates, graduate student instructors,
management services officers or other persons capable of carrying out those
activities. The responsibility for ensuring that required programs are implemented
and that required duties are carried out in an appropriate manner remains with the
Academic and Non-Academic Manager.

Responsibilities of the Office of Environment, Health & Safety

EH&S is responsible for tracking developments in environmental and health

and safety laws and regulations and determining (with the assistance of University
legal counsel, and oversight from EH&S Policy Committee faculty committees in
particular areas) requirements that apply to the campus. Requirements are met
through development of programs by EH&S and relevant faculty committees for
implementation by campus departments as well as through direct services,
consultation, and compliance assistance provided by EH&S.

EH&S is responsible for providing information to the campus community, through

established communication channels, on programs, services, regulatory impact and
compliance requirements.

Program Development

EH&S is responsible to develop and oversee programs to be implemented by the

campus to meet legal requirements and environmental, health and safety policies
adopted by the University, both by the Office of the President and the Berkeley
campus administration. EH&S programs in development or in operation include
(alphabetical listing):

 Ambient Air Quality Program EH&S assists with Bay Area Air Quality
Management source permitting, developing programs to assist with
compliance to regulations applicable to emissions of toxic air contaminants.
 Biosafety Program EH&S has developed a Biosafety program to assist the
campus in complying with regulations and guidelines applicable to
biohazardous material use.
 Groundwater Protection and Underground Storage Tank Programs EH&S assists
campus departments with UST operating permits and conditions, developing
programs to assist with compliance to regulations applicable to groundwater

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 67
of 81
 protection and assessing contaminated sites.
 Hazard Communication The Injury and Illness Prevention Program contains
provisions that satisfy hazard communication requirements. Training is
available from EH&S upon request.
 Hazardous Materials Management Plan
 Acutely Hazardous Materials Management Plan (and RMPP)

EH&S is implementing a program to prevent adverse consequences of releases

of acutely hazardous materials. This program is directed toward academic and
administrative departments using or storing hazardous chemicals.
 Chemical Inventory Program EH&S has developed a format for compiling the
inventory of chemicals required by state and local laws. EH&S provides Mac
and IBM computer software and instructions for Managers to use in completing
or updating the inventory. EH&S maintains the inventory on a computer
database and provides information to regulatory agencies as requested or
required.
 Emergency Response and Training EH&S is responsibilities for coordinating the
development of local emergency response and training plans by academic and
administrative units. Copies submitted by campus departments of
emergency response and training plans are maintained in EH&S.
 Hazardous Waste Management Facilities Program EH&S operates and maintains a
hazardous waste generator facility for packaging wastes to be shipped off site;
part of this effort has involved recommendations for upgrading the current
facility for health and safety purposes, and overseeing the plans for a new
replacement facility.
 Hazardous Waste Minimization Program EH&S has developed a hazardous waste
minimization program which includes educating faculty, students and staff
on waste

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 68
of 81
 minimization, facilitating the exchange of surplus chemicals, and assisting
campus hazardous materials users in finding ways of minimizing hazardous
wastes.
 Injury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP) A campus IIPP has been
implemented. EH&S is responsible to assist campus departments in developing
and effectively implementing local IIPP plans.
 Laboratory Safety Program EH&S is responsible for assisting all campus
departments and laboratories to develop and implement a Chemical Hygiene
Plan for each laboratory.
 Strawberry Creek Environmental Quality Program EH&S manages environmental
quality in Strawberry Creek, including coordination of the Strawberry Creek
Committee, implementation of the Strawberry Creek Management Plan
(campus Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan) and water quality monitoring.
 Toxic Gas EH&S is required to develop, and assist departments in
implementing, a written program to ensure the safe use and handling of toxic
gases on campus.
 Wastewater Permits and Priority Pollutant Management Program EH&S assists with
wastewater discharge permitting, developing programs and guidelines ("Think
at the Sink" and Drain Disposal Guidelines) to assist with compliance to
regulations applicable to wastewater discharge of chemicals. The Office of
Radiation Safety assists RUA holders with guidance on drain disposal of radio
nuclides and provides appropriate annual reporting to regulatory agencies.

Regulatory Liaison

EH&S has responsibility for communicating with regulatory agencies in the

environmental, health and safety arena on behalf of the campus. Responsibilities
may include informational and corrective action meetings, negotiations, campus
input on pending legislation, and written communications. University legal counsel
is consulted as appropriate.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 69
of 81
 SELF- CHECK 8.3-1

I. Enumeration. Enumerate the following:

1–5 Managers particular responsibilities in the

program areas. 6 – 10 EH&S programs in development or

in operation.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 70
of 81
 ANSWER KEY 8.3-1

1. Chemical Inventory
2. Emergency Response and Training Plan
3. Environmental Permits
4. Fire Prevention Inspection
5. Groundwater Protection Program
6. Ambient Air Quality Program
7. Biosafety Program
8. Groundwater Protection and Underground Storage Tank Programs
9. Hazard Communication
10. Chemical Inventory Program
11. Accident Investigation
12. Asbestos Hazard Assessment
13. Biosafety Services
14. Environmental Permit
15. Fire Prevention

INFORMATION SHEET 8.3-2

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 71
of 81
 Environmental Corrective Actions

Learning Objectives:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to :

1. Define corrective action and
2. Enumerate typical cleanup steps
Introduction:

What is Corrective Action?

Corrective action is a requirement under the Resource Conservation and

Recovery Act (RCRA) that facilities that treat, store or dispose of hazardous wastes
investigate and clean up hazardous releases into soil, ground water, surface water
and air.

Item no. 10.1, page 32 of Environmental Management System Manual of

Department of Environment and Natural Resources stating Nonconformity and its
corrective action as follows:

When a nonconformity occurs, DENR shall:

a) React to the nonconformity and as applicable:

- Take action to control and correct it; and

- Deal with the consequences including mitigating adverse environmental
impacts;

b) Evaluate the need for action to eliminate the causes of nonconformity, in

order that it does not occur or occur elsewhere by:

- Reviewing the nonconformity;

- Determining the causes of nonconformity;
- Determining if similar nonconformity exist, or could potentially occur;

c) Implement any action needed;

d) Review the effectiveness of any corrective actions taken; and

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 72
of 81
 e) Make changes to the EMS, if necessary.

The corrective actions appropriate to the significance of the effects of the

nonconformities encountered, including environmental impacts the DENR shall
retain documented information

as evidence of the nature of nonconformities and any subsequent action taken, and
the result of the corrective action.

In 1984, Congress passed the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments, which
granted EPA expanded authority to require corrective action at permitted and non-
permitted treatment, storage and disposal facilities (TSDFs).

Rather than creating a rigid regulatory framework for corrective action, EPA
developed guidance and policy documents to assist facilities conducting cleanups.
Some of the resources are broad in scope, while others are more process or media
specific.

Corrective action is principally implemented through RCRA permits and orders.

RCRA permits issued to TSDFs must include provisions for corrective action as well
as financial assurance to cover the costs of implementing those cleanup measures.
In additional to EPA, 44 states and territories are authorized to run the Corrective
Action program. Corrective action is largely enforced through statutory authorities
established by RCRA.

What are Corrective Action Facilities?

In July 1999, EPA and the authorized States finalized the first RCRA Cleanup
Baseline. This is a list of 1,714 facilities that were identified in the early 1990s as
appropriate sites for early cleanup when EPA and the States were prioritizing their
corrective action workloads.

Over the years, this list has been expanded and renamed based on the year. .

RCRA Corrective Action facilities vary significantly. They include current and former
chemical manufacturing plants, oil refineries, lead smelters, wood preservers, steel
mills, commercial landfills, federal facilities, and a variety of other types of entities.
Size, type and extent of contamination, media affected, environmental
characteristics, and geology also differ greatly between facilities. Facilities are
generally brought into the RCRA Corrective Action process when:

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 73
of 81
1. There is an identified release of hazardous waste or hazardous constituents, or
2. When EPA is considering a treatment, storage and disposal facility (TSDF)
RCRA permit application.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 74
of 81
The RCRA Corrective Action program, comprised of EPA and its state partners,
oversees almost 4,000 cleanups across the country, including many facilities
with risks comparable to Superfund Sites. Information on these individual facilities
is available from the Corrective Action Sites Around the Nation regional page and in
Cleanups in My Community.
EPA's Corrective Action program works closely with facilities during the
investigation and cleanup process.

The Corrective Action Process

The RCRA corrective action cleanup process focuses on results rather than specific
steps, and is flexible, depending on site-specific conditions. A typical cleanup may
include steps such as: initial site assessment, site characterization, interim actions,
evaluation of remedial alternatives, and implementation of the selected remedy.

Because no one approach is likely to be appropriate for all corrective action

facilities, these five elements should not be viewed as prescribed steps in the
corrective action process. Instead, they serve as evaluations necessary to make
good cleanup decisions within a flexible program. The five elements are described
below in more detail. Additional elements of corrective action to keep in mind, and
which are also described below, are tracking progress and long-term care.

Select the clean-up step to learn more about its function in the RCRA corrective
action process. EPA provides links to guidance documents and other information to
help the regulated community and program implementers learn about and enforce
the corrective action process.

INITIAL SITE ASSESSMENT

The first element in most cleanup programs is an initial site assessment. During
the initial site assessment, state or EPA technicians gather information on site
conditions, releases, potential releases, and exposure pathways to determine
whether a cleanup may be needed and to identify areas of potential concern. In
the corrective action program, this step is commonly referred to as RCRA
Facility Assessment (RFA). Overseeing agencies may also use initial site
assessments to set relative priorities among facilities and allocate resources.
EPA issued the Initial Site Assessment guidance to assist in this process.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 75
of 81
 Document No. BPP NC II
Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 76
of 81
SITE CHARACTERIZATION

Before cleanup decisions can be made, some level of characterization is necessary

to ascertain the nature and extent of contamination of a site and to gather
information necessary to support selection and implementation of appropriate
remedies. This step is often referred to as the RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI). A
successful RFI will identify the presence, movement, fate, and risks associated with
environmental contamination at a site and will explain the chemical and physical
properties of the site likely to influence contamination migration and cleanup.
Information collected during the RFI can be used by the owner or operator to
formulate and implement appropriate corrective measures. Such corrective
measures may range from a) stopping the release through the application of a
source control technique to b) a full-scale

cleanup of the affected area. EPA issued Site Characterization documents to assist
in this process.

INETRIM ACTION

While site characterization is underway or before a final remedy is selected,

corrective action facilities often need interim actions. Interim actions are used to
control or abate ongoing risks to human health and the environment in advance of
the final remedy selection. For example, actual or potential contamination of
drinking water supplies may necessitate an interim action to provide alternative
drinking water sources. EPA issued Interim Actions documents to assist in this
process.

EVALUATION OF REMEDIAL ALTERNATIVES

Before choosing a cleanup approach, program implementers and facility

owners/operators will typically analyze a range of alternatives and evaluate their
advantages and disadvantages relative to facility-specific conditions. Such a study
is called the Corrective Action Measures Study (CMS). EPA issued Evaluation of
Remedial Alternatives documents to assist in this process.

REMEDY IMPLEMENTATION

Remedy implementation typically involves detailed remedy design, remedy

construction, remedy operation and maintenance and remedy completion. In the
corrective action program, this step is often referred to as Corrective

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 77
of 81
Measures Implementation (CMI). EPA issued Remedy Implementation
Documents to assist in this process.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 78
of 81
TRACKING PROGRESS

Corrective Action Event Code documents provide information on tracking cleanup

progress at RCRA facilities. EPA developed a series of event codes from the first
facility assessment until the corrective action is terminated. These codes provide
important information, such as when the state or EPA determine the remedy for a
facility to achieve corrective action goals, as well as when the facility completes
the remedy, and major corrective action milestones. EPA also developed the
National Corrective Action Prioritization System (NCAPS), a menu-driven, computer-
based system, which prioritizes events. The NCAPS assists EPA in focusing
corrective action resources on those facilities which present the greatest risk to
human health and the environment. The system is intended to provide a nationally
consistent approach to assessing site-specific factors that potentially affect or drive
corrective action decisions.

LONG TERM CARE

The Corrective Action Program strives to ensure long-term protection after a facility
cleanup has established institutional and engineering controls. This protects the
integrity of the remedy by preventing or limiting exposure to remaining hazardous
waste on the facility. EPA defines institutional controls as "non-engineered
instruments, such as administrative and legal controls, that help to minimize the
potential for human exposure to contamination and protect the integrity of the
remedy." Such controls provide information and/or restrictions that help modify or
guide human behavior at facilities and properties where hazardous wastes and
contamination prevent unlimited use and unrestricted exposure. Common examples
of institutional controls include permits and orders, zoning, building or excavation
permits, well drilling prohibitions, and easements and restrictive covenants. EPA
developed Long-Term Care documents for identifying and selecting institutional
controls at corrective action cleanups.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 79
of 81
 SELF- CHECK 8.3-2

I. Identification. Identify the following:

1. Corrective action
2. RCRA corrective action
3. Initial site assessment
4. Interim actions
5. Remedy implementation

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 80
of 81
 ANSWER KEY 8.3-2

1. A requirement under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

(RCRA) that facilities that treat, store or dispose of hazardous wastes
investigate and clean up hazardous releases into soil, ground water,
surface water and air.
2. Cleanup process focuses on results rather than specific steps, and is
flexible, depending on site-specific conditions.
3. The first element in most cleanup programs.
4. Used to control or abate ongoing risks to human health and the
environment in advance of the final remedy selection.
5. Involves detailed remedy design, remedy construction, remedy
operation and maintenance and remedy completion.

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 81
of 81
REFERENCES

https://maeoe.org/environmental-literacy/defining-environmental-

literacy https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2022675/

https://www.utas.edu.au/ data/assets/pdf_file/0011/629255/Workplace-Environment-
Procedure-December-2017.pdf

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/01/26/republic-act-no-9003-

s-2001/

Document No. BPP NC II

Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 82
of 81
 Document No. BPP NC II
Issued By:
Developed/ PTC-Orion
Exercise Efficient and Effective Sustainable Compiled by: Revision No.0 Page
Practices in the Workplace Mariam M. Salonga 83
of 81