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Introduction To Cost Estimate

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Introduction To Cost Estimate

Uploaded by

Blackmorpha
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Cost Estimate

Prepared by:
Engr. Ralph F. Tan Sanchez
Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, the students will be able to:

1. Understand the types of cost estimates.


2. Learn to execute cost estimation.
3. Prepare rebar cutting list. (Slab)
Introduction

Construction cost estimation is a critical process in the planning and


execution of any construction project. It involves predicting the total
expenses associated with the project, encompassing materials, labor,
equipment, overhead, and other relevant costs. Accurate cost estimation is
essential for budgeting, securing financing, and ensuring the project's
overall financial feasibility.
Quantity Surveying

Quantity Surveying is the estimation of the quantity of materials for a certain


construction project such as the volume of concrete, weight of steel, and
other amounts of building materials. This estimation will be used to
determine the total project cost.
Quantity Surveyor

Quantity Surveyor is the "cost manager" of a construction project. A


quantity surveyor job is not limited to the creation of a bill of materials and
budget preparation, but also performs other vital roles in a construction
project such as contract procurement, tender evaluation, and value
engineering. The main objective of a quantity surveyor is to ensure the
efficient and effective utilization of resources (materials, manpower, money).
Types of Estimate

The construction cost estimates can be prepared either in a detailed


manner by taking into consideration item by item or can be calculated
approximately without going much into the details. Based on these criteria's,
there are mainly 8 cost estimates followed in construction:
1. Preliminary Cost Estimate

2. Plinth Area Cost Estimate

3. Cube Rate Cost Estimate

4. Approximate Quantity Method Cost Estimate

5. Revised Cost Estimate

6. Supplementary Cost Estimate

7. Annual Repair Cost Estimate

8. Detailed Cost Estimate


Preliminary Cost Estimate

The preliminary cost estimate is also called an abstract cost estimate or


approximate cost estimate or budget estimate. This estimate is generally
prepared in initial stages to know the approximate cost of the project. By
this estimate, the competent sanctioning authority can decide the financial
position and policy for the administration section.
Sample Problem 1: (Preliminary Cost Estimate)

Project Description: You are tasked with estimating the cost for constructing
a small single-family home. The project will include the following
components:

Answer: ₱ 6,917,295
Plinth Area Cost Estimate

Plinth area cost estimate is prepared on the basis of plinth area of building
which is the area covered by external dimensions of building at the floor
level and plinth area rate of building which is the cost of similar building
with specifications in that locality.
Sample Problem 2: (Plinth Area Estimate)

Project Description: You need to estimate the cost of constructing a


residential building. The building has the following dimensions:

Length: 22.70 meters


Width: 11.45 meters
Number of Floors: 2
Estimated Cost per Square Meter: ₱ 66,780.00

Answer: ₱ 34,714,247.40
Cube Rate Cost Estimate

Cube rate cost estimate of a building is obtained by multiplying plinth area


with the height of building. Height of building should be considered from
floor level to the top of the roof level. It is more suitable for multi storied
buildings.
Sample Problem 3: (Cube Rate Cost Estimate)

Project Description: You are estimating the cost for constructing a


warehouse. The warehouse has the following dimensions:

Length: 20 meters
Width: 15 meters
Height: 10 meters
Estimated Cost per Cubic Meter: ₱ 8,347.50

Answer: ₱25,042,500.00
Approximate Quantity Method Cost Estimate

In approximate quantity method cost estimate, the total wall length of the
structure is measured, and this length is multiplied by the rate per
running/linear meter which gives the cost of the building. The rate per
running/linear meter is calculated separately for the foundation and
superstructure.
Revised Cost Estimate

Revised cost estimate is a detailed estimate and it is prepared when the


original sanctioned estimate value is exceeded by 5% or more. The
increase may be due to sudden increase in cost of materials, cost of
transportation etc. The reason behind the revision of estimate should be
mentioned on the last page of revised estimate.
Supplementary Cost Estimate

Supplementary cost estimate is a detailed estimate and it is prepared


freshly when there is a requirement of additional works during the progress
of original work. The estimate sheet should consists of cost of original
estimate as well as the total cost of work including supplementary cost of
work for which sanction is required.
Annual Repair Cost Estimate

The annual repair cost estimate is also called as annual maintenance


estimate which is prepared to know the maintenance costs of the building
which will keep the structure in safe condition. Whitewashing, painting,
minor repairs, etc. are taken into consideration while preparing annual
repair estimate for a building.
Detailed Cost Estimate

Detailed cost estimate is prepared when competent administrative authority


approved the preliminary estimates. This is very accurate type of estimate.
Quantities of items of work are measured and the cost of each item of work
is calculated separately.

The rates of different items are provided according to the current workable
rates and total estimated cost is calculated. 3 to 5 % of estimated cost is
added to this for contingencies as miscellaneous expenditure.
The detailed Estimated should consist following details and documents.

• Report

• General Specifications

• Detailed Specifications

• Drawings/plans – layout plans, elevation, sectional views, detailed drawings etc.

• Designs and calculations – In case of buildings design of foundations, beams,


slab etc.

• Schedule of rates
Detailed Estimate of Slab on Grade and
Suspended Slab
Slab on Grade/ Slab on Fill

A slab on grade is a type of foundation commonly used in construction


where a thick, flat concrete slab is poured directly on the ground (grade).
This foundation method is popular for residential homes, commercial
buildings, and warehouses.
In general, the typical concrete cover for a slab on grade is often specified
as 50 mm (2 inches) for reinforcing bars (rebar) according to standards like
the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP). However, in certain
conditions, such as for slabs exposed to harsh environments or specific
design requirements, a concrete cover of 75 mm (approximately 3 inches)
may be recommended.
According to the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015, the standard
hook for main bars in slabs typically follows these guidelines:
Standard Hook Dimensions
1.Hook Length:
The minimum hook length for a standard hook (90-degree hook) is usually specified as
12 times the diameter of the bar. (12 db)

2.Hook Type:
A 90-degree hook is commonly used for main reinforcement bars, but in some cases, a
180-degree hook may also be employed, especially in areas requiring additional
anchorage.

3.Bar Diameter:
The actual dimensions will vary based on the diameter of the reinforcement bars. For
example:
For a #16 bar (16 mm diameter), the hook length would be 12 x 16 mm = 192 mm.
Direct Counting Method
Note: You may derive the values from the table by referring to the
density of steel which is 7850 kg/m3
Sample Problem 4: (Detailed Estimate on Slab on Grade/Slab on Fill)

Refer to the figure and quantify the total number of rebars needed for the
slab on grade. Use only 6.0 or 7.5 m commercial length for comparison
purposes.
Suspended Slab

A suspended slab is a type of concrete slab that is supported by beams or


columns and is not in direct contact with the ground. This design allows the
slab to "suspend" above the ground or other structural elements, making it a
crucial component in multi-story buildings and structures.
One-way Slab (Reinforcements Detail)
Two-way Slab (Reinforcements Detail)
Designation

RED – Bent Bars


GREEN – Bottom Straight Bars
Gray – Cut Bars
Yellow/Violet - Temperature/Top Bars
Let’s analyze the boundaries for a 3.0 x 3.75 m suspended slab:
Rebar Cutting List
Sample Problem 5: (Detailed Estimate on Suspended Slab)

Refer to the figure and quantify the total number of rebars needed for the
slab on grade. Use necessary commercial length for comparison purposes.
ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU!

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