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PE 3 REVIEWER Lesson 2: Modern and Contemporary Dance

Lesson 1: Folk Dance Elements of Dance
 BODY
FOLK DANCE - A dance that reflect the life of the - It is the mobile figure or shape, felt by the
people of a certain country or region dancer and seen by others.
- Dancers may emphasize specific parts of their
LUZON body in a dance phrase or use their whole
 TINIKLING - This famous dance mimics the body all at once.
movements of the tikling bird, as dancers  ACTION
skillfully navigate between bamboo poles that - A human movement that includes in the act of
are rhythmically tapped together. dancing. Facial movements, partner lifts,
 PANDANGGO SA ILAW - A graceful dance that gestures, and even everyday movements such
involves balancing oil lamps on the dancers’ as walking.
heads and hands, symbolizing the fishermen’s  SPACE
celebration after a bountiful catch. - Dancers interact with space in myriad ways.
 MAGLALATIK - A unique dance where male - They may stay in one place or they may travel
performers wear coconut shells on their bodies, from one place to another.
creating rhythmic sounds as they depict a battle - They may alter the direction, level, size, and
between Christians and Muslims pathways of their movements.
 TIME
VISAYAS - The keyword for the element of time is
 KURATSA - A lively courtship dance from the “when”?
Visayas region, characterized by playful and - Human movement is naturally rhythmic in a
flirtatious movements between partners. broad sense that we alternate activity and
 ITIK-ITIK - Inspired by the movements of ducks, rest.
this entertaining dance is characterized by quick,  SPACE
side-to-side steps and undulating arm - Energy is about how the movement happens.
movements. - Choices about energy include variations in
 PANTOMINA - Known as the “Dance of the movement flow and the use of force, tension,
Doves,” Pantomina simulates the courtship and weight.
rituals of birds, with dancers imitating the male -
bird’s pursuit of his mate. CONTEMPORARY DANCE
- Another word for “modern” or “current”.
MINDANAO - It can be danced to almost any style of music,
 KAPA MALONG-MALONG - A versatile dance and can be mixed up with other dance forms.
that highlights the various ways a malong, a -
traditional tubular garment, can be worn and About Contemporary Dance
used. o It was developed in the early 20th century as a
 SAGAYAN - A warrior dance performed by the reaction against the set rules and techniques of
Maguindanao and Maranao tribes, Sagayan ballet.
showcases fierce movements and brandishing of o Practicing contemporary dance involves learning
weapons, such as the kampilan (sword) and a range of techniques and styles which are used
kalasag (shield). in dance classes, dance workshops and dance
 KINI-KINI - A warrior dance performed by the choreography, and exploring your creativity
Maguindanao and Maranao tribes, Sagayan through movement.
showcases fierce movements and brandishing of
weapons, such as the kampilan (sword) and PIONEERS OF CONTEMPORARY DANCE
kalasag (shield).  Isadora Duncan
 Martha Graham
 Merce Cunningham
They broke the rules of the strict forms of ballet.
These dancers/choreographers all believed that
dancers should have freedom of movement,
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allowing their bodies to freely express their means “to dance.” Thus, a ballroom is a room in
innermost feelings. which to dance.

Martha Graham Techniques JEHAN THOINOT’ ARBEAU’S ORCHESOGRAPHIE

 Breathing (1588)
 Bounces - He documented the early ballroom dancing and
 Simple Spiral discussed the 16th-century French social dance.
 Tendu/Brush
 Hip Curve - Hip Thrust JEAN-BAPTISTE LULLY (1650)
 Brush Contractions - Introduced the Minuet to Paris. A dance that
 Step Draw would dominate ballroom until the end of the
 Contraction Side to Side 18th century
 Triplets
 Walks WALTZ (1800s)
 Plies - Came to England
 Spiral Turn
 Deep Stretches POLKA, MAZURKA, & SCHOTTISCHE (1840)
 Pleadings - Emerged

Warm-up Exercise (before the contemporary dance) FRED ASTAIRE & GINGER ROGERS (20th century)
 Tendu - They influenced greatly ballroom dancing’s
 The inverted Knee Position acclaim and acceptance in US.
 Jazz Square
 The Jazz Slide TYPES OF BALLROOM DANCING
 Fan Kick CHA CHA CHA
 Hip Isolation - Widely recognizable by its catchy rhythm – one,
 Flat Back two, cha, cha, cha. It's easy to learn and fun to
 Geand Plie dance.
 Releve - It originates from Cuba.
- It was developed by the Cuban composer and
Lesson 3: Ballroom Dance violinist Enrique Jorrin in the middle of 1950s.
- The name was shortened to the cha-cha.
BALLROOM DANCE - Cha cha can be danced to almost any music with
 Refers to a set of partner dances, which are a good beat, from traditional Latin rhythms to
enjoyed both socially and competitively around club music, from country to pop.
the world. - It's popularity can be heard in the music of Ricky
 It is also widely enjoyed on stage, film, and Martin, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, Tom
television. Jones, Carlos Santana, and many others.
 May refer, at its widest, to almost any type of - Cha cha is very much a dance of today.
social dancing as recreation.  Basic Steps of Cha Cha Cha
- Cha cha music is composed in 4/4 time (four
BALLROOM DANCE STYLE: beats to a bar of music). For each bar of
music there are 2 slow and 3 quick steps,
1. International Latin which may be counted as – one, two, cha,
- Latin dances are generally faster-paced, more cha, cha or step, step, step, quick step,
sensual and have more rhythmic expression. quick step.
2. International Standard - Remember, five steps are taken to four
- Standard (ballroom) dance are elegant and have beats of music.
strong emphasis on posture, more formal than
Latin Dances.
HISTORY FOXTROT
- “Ballroom dancing” as a term hails from the
Latin word “ballare” which, coincidentally,
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- Is a smooth, elegant, easy to learn dance, very - Also referred to as the "Dance of Love", is a
popular at wide variety of social events, passionate and dramatic dance. It's a dialogue
including wedding receptions. between partners, an expressive form of
- It is one of the most beautiful ballroom dances communication through movements.
characterized by long, flowing movements. - Originated in the 19th century outskirts of
- Foxtrot is named after its originator, Harry Fox, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
who was a Vaudeville performer in New York in It has no rise & fall, no swaying. It's known for
the 1910s. quick, sharp movements and a catlike walking
- It includes basic elements found in most other action.
dances. - Tango is danced all around the world by people
- It is highly versatile and can be danced to a of all sizes and ages. Because the main
variety of musical styles and tempos. requirement is walking, it is a dance for
- Popular vocalists for foxtrot include Frank everyone.
Sinatra.
- The basic elements of foxtrot are walking steps  STYLES OF TANGO
and side steps. o The Tango Argentino
 Basic Steps of Foxtrot o The Ballroom Tango
- The basic box step is also similar to waltz o The Finish Tango
steps – the main difference being timing o The Uruguayan Tango
(foxtrot is 4/4, waltz is 3/4). If you already o Tango Tuevo
know how to waltz, then learning foxtrot o Vintage Tango
will be just a matter of rhythm. o The Chinese Tango
- The basic rhythm is slow, slow, quick, quick.  Basic Steps of Tango
The slow steps use 2 beats of music and the - It is made of five steps taken to 8 counts of
quick steps use one. music.
- Foxtrot is danced in a normal closed - The rhythm is slow, slow, quick, quick,
position, which means facing your partner slow. The slow steps consume two beats of
and holding them close. music and the quick steps one.
- Tango music is usually written in 4/4 time
SALSA (but also in 2/4 time) and played at a
- Is a sensual Latin dance, similar to mambo. Both tempo of 30-33 measures per minute.
have a pattern of six steps over eight counts of - Tango is danced in a closed position,
music and they both share many of the same usually closer than in other dances.
moves. - The man's left hand is holding the lady's
- Salsa is the result of combining many Latin and right hand. His right hand is placed on her
Afro-Caribbean dances, a fusion of Cuban, back, along the bottom of her ribcage.
Puerto Rican and African rhythms. - The lady's left hand is placed on his right
- The basic rhythm is quick, quick, slow; quick, shoulder. You always bent your knees.
quick, slow, using the 1,2,3 and 5,6,7 beats - Remember, this dance is the most bent of
(beats 4 and 8 are skipped). all the ballroom dances.
- Salsa is one of the most popular Latin American
dances. RUMBA
 Basic Steps of Salsa - A slow and flirtatious dance. Some say it is the
- Salsa is danced with partners facing each spirit and soul of Latin American dance. It's
other. It can be danced in closed or open certainly a dance of romance and always a
position. good choice for weddings.
- Note that salsa steps are very small. The - Rumba is generally regarded as the "dance of
faster the music, which is usually quite fast, romance", but also known as the "Latin waltz"
the smaller the steps. or the "waltz with a wiggle". Due to its slow
rhythm and sensual movements, some call it
the most intimate and passionate dance there
TANGO is.
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- Rumba can be danced to a variety of music, - It's a very boppy dance where dancers use more
from contemporary to traditional. bouncy movements, lifting the knees and
 Basic Steps of Rumba bending or rocking the hips. A lot of kicks are
- Rumba is usually danced to music written in used. It's one the most energetic of all the
4/4 time, with four beats to each measure. dances.
The basic step is a very simple box step. It  Basic Steps of Jive
consists of three basic steps - two quick side - Jive is generally danced to a music in 4/4
steps and a slow forward or backward step. time in a wide variety of tempos from slow
- The rhythm of the steps is slow, quick, to very fast.
quick. - The basic steps for jive are based on a
A slow step is danced over two counts of simple six beat sequence: 1-2-3-a-4-5-a-6.
music, while a quick step is danced over one The count begins with the rock step (left
count. foot step back, right foot in place), followed
- Rumba is a spot dance which means the by the two triple steps (chasse) that are
couple does not travel around the dance counted: 3-a-4, 5-a-6.
floor like in many other dances, but rather - The Rock Step is simply changing weight
stays in one location. from one foot to the other, except that it is
taking a little step back, instead of to the
SAMBA side.
- Is a lively dance of Brazilian origin. It's a popular
party dance, characterized by simple forward SWING
and backward steps and rhythmic hip - Is a lively, non-progressive partner dance that
movements. can be danced to a wide variety of music, from
- Is a national dance of Brazil, some say the spirit blues to rock & roll.
and soul of the country. In Brazil, it is a solo - Non-progressive means it's mostly performed in
dance, performed at street festivals and one spot, so it's very convenient on a crowded
carnivals. dance floor.
- Although in Brazil samba remains a solo form, in - One of the most versatile partner dances you
other countries it evolved into a partner dance can learn - very social and beginner friendly.
and was standardized as a ballroom dance in
1956.  STYLES OF SWING
 Basic Steps of Samba o Lindy Hop
- Ballroom samba is usually danced to music o Boogie - Woogie
written in 2/4 time, meaning there are two o Jitterbug
beats in each measure. The basic box step o Shag
consists of three steps. This means that o Charleston
three steps are performed in two beats of o West Coast & East Coast Swing
music.  Basic Steps of Swing
- The basic rhythm is 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 5 & 6, 7 & - To dance swing you'll need a partner, a
8, commonly described as "one, uh two", sense of humor, and a bit of endurance.
"three, uh four", and so on. Usually you - Basic count of 1&2, 3&4, 5,6. It's known as a
count 8 beats before resuming the count. triple step swing. The basic pattern is triple
step, triple step, and a rock step.
JIVE - Triple step is performed in a chasse-like
- Is an exciting partner dance, fun, easy to learn, manner - side step, together, side step.
and playful in nature. Because it's fast and
energy-consuming, it's also an excellent form of WALTZ
exercise. - Waltz dates back to the late 17th century
- It is a faster version of swing and shares many Europe, but has never really been out of fashion
things with it, from footwork to underarm turns, and clearly stood the test of time.
swivels, etc. It evolved from early swing dances - It is a smooth and graceful dance with long,
like Boogie-Woogie and Jitterbug. flowing movements, characterized by rise & fall
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motion. It has a unique 3/4 timing and a simple

rhythmic pattern which blends with the music.
 Basic Steps of Waltz
- The basic step for waltz is a box step. It's
named after a pattern it creates on the floor
(box or square) and forms the foundation of
the dance.
- A box step can be divided into two parts - a
forward half box and a backward half box.
Each half box has three steps - a step
forward or backward, a step to the side, and
a step to close the feet together.
- The basic box step pattern uses three
counts - slow, quick, quick, which is
repeated twice to create the box step.
Timing is 1,2,3,1,2,3 or 1,2,3,4,5,6.

WARM UP EXERCISES (CONTEMPO)

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CHA CHA CHA

FOXTROT

SALSA
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TANGO

RUMBA

SAMBA
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JIVE

SWING

WALTZ
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Martha Graham Techniques