3 Jan 2022

DEVELOP A RISK MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

bizSAFE (LEVEL 2)
Technical Skills Competency (TSC): Workplace Safety and Health Control Measures
(Level4) (WPH-WSH-4075-1.1)

Technical Skills Competencies (TSC)

SKILLS FRAMEWORK FOR WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH

TSC Category Operational Control Implementation
TSC Workplace Safety and Health Control Measures
TSC Description Identify lapses in workplace safety and health (WSH) within an organisation and put in place
reasonable practical control measures based on the Hierarchy of Control
TSC Proficiency Description Level 4
WPH-WSH-4075-1.1
Implement risk management plan, identify lapses and support reasonably practical control
measures based on the Hierarchy of Control

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Learning Objectives

Learning Unit (LU) Learning Outcomes Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

(LO)
LU1. WSH Act and LO1. Able to identify the - K2. Workplace Safety
Regulations WSH (Risk Management) and Health (Risk
Regulations requirements Management
for risk assessment. Regulations)
requirements
LU2. Organisational LO2. Able to check with A1. Verify the K3. Expectations of a
Requirements the relevant stakeholders expectations of a risk Risk Management (RM)
to confirm the management champion Champion
expectations of a risk with relevant
management champion. stakeholders

Learning Objectives

Learning Unit (LU) Learning Outcomes Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

(LO)
LU3. Risk Management LO3. Able to establish a A2. Form a risk K1. Organisational
(RM)/ Risk Assessment risk management team management team Workplace Safety and
(RA) Team based on organisational based on organisational Health (WSH) policy
WSH policy. WSH policy

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Learning Objectives

Learning Unit (LU) Learning Outcomes Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

(LO)
LU4. Overview of Risk LO4. Able to identify risk - K4. Risk management
Management Plan management process and process
risk management plan K5. Risk assessment plan

Learning Objectives

Learning Unit (LU) Learning Outcomes (LO) Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

A3. Establish hazard identification K6. Hazard identification methodology

LU5. Risk LO5. Able to create risk
methodology for the workplace to K7. Classification of WSH hazards
Assessment assessment methodology Hazards associated with tools, equipment, materials and
includes hazard identify WSH hazards associated with machines
any work activity or trade K8. Hazards associated with work processes/activities,
identification, risk workplace conditions and environment
evaluation and risk control
K9. At-risk behaviour
measures for the
workplace for any work A4. Establish risk assessment K10. Concept of risk
methodology for the workplace to assessment
activity or trade.
determine the risk levels of the
identified hazards associated with any K11. Risk assessment
work activity or trade methodology
A5. Establish risk control K12. Risk control measures
measures methodology for the methodology
workplace to manage the identified
risks to a level as low as reasonably K13. Concept of ALARP
practicable

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Learning Objectives

Learning Unit (LU) Learning Outcomes Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

(LO)
LU6. SG Secure LO6. Able to conduct risk - -
assessment for SG Secure

Learning Objectives

Learning Unit (LU) Learning Outcomes Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

(LO)
LU7. Risk Control LO7. Able to come out A6. Develop a workplace K14. Development of risk
Implementation with the risk management risk management plan management plan
plan to implement the to implement the hazard
hazard identification, risk identification, risk
assessment, and risk assessment, and risk
control measures control measures

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Learning Objectives

Learning Unit (LU) Learning Outcomes Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

(LO)
LU8. Present the risk LO8. Able to explain the A7. Present the risk -
management plan risk management plan to management plan to
relevant stakeholder for relevant stakeholders for
consideration. consideration.

Learning Objectives

Learning Unit (LU) Learning Outcomes Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

(LO)
LU9. Risk Communication LO9. Able to explain the A8. Communicate the K15. How to
identified hazard, risk identified hazard, risk communicate the
evaluated, and implemented evaluated, and implemented implemented risk control
risk control measures to risk control measures to measures
the person concerned. the person concerned.

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Training Details

Assessment
Facilitated Training
Written Questions Oral Presentation
14 hours 105 mins 15 mins
2 hours

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LU1. WSH Act and Regulations

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Learning Outcomes (LO) Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

LO1. Able to identify the WSH (Risk - K2. Workplace Safety and Health
Management) Regulations (Risk Management Regulations)
requirements for risk assessment. requirements

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WSH Framework
3 Guiding Principles of
WSH Framework

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WSH Act

WSH Act Came into effect on 1st March 2006 Replacing the previous Factories Act

6 Key Features of WSH Act

Moving to a Performance- Focus on reducing risk at Better defined Liability

based Regime source through RA Regime

Strengthened Personal Enhanced Penalties to reflect the cost Enhanced Enforcement Powers
of accidents and poor safety
Liability to deal with systemic weakness
management

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Workplace Safety & Health (Risk Management) Regulations

There are 8 sections within the WSH (RM) Regulation which touches on:

1 6
conduct a review or
RA revise RA
4
roles and
responsibilities
2 7
reasonably records of
practicable 5 RA
measures provide
information
to
employees
3 8
safe work offenses
procedures

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Workplace Safety & Health (Risk Management) Regulations

Link to WSH (RM) Regulations:

https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/WSHA1920-RG8

Link to Risk Management page from WSH Council website

https://www.tal.sg/wshc/Topics/Risk-Management

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – Know your WSH (RM) Regulation

Group activity – Discuss, identify and present your findings.

Objective: To familiarise with WSH (RM) Regulations

Instructions:
 Refer the WSH (RM) Regulations
 You can visit to the given link to refer to the RM Regulations:
 https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/WSHA1920-RG8
 Identify the various paragraphs that relates to the various aspect of the risk management.
 Present your findings to the class.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 1 – Know your WSH (RM) Regulation

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LU2. Organisational Requirements

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Learning Outcomes (LO) Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

LO2. Able to check with the relevant A1. Verify the expectations of a risk K3. Expectations of a Risk
stakeholders to confirm the management champion with relevant Management (RM) Champion
expectations of a risk management stakeholders
champion.

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Stakeholders to verify the expectation of a RM Champion

Directors

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Expectation of Risk Management Champion

Formulating a risk Forming a risk

management plan management team
unique for the involving company line
organisation operation

Chairing a risk Documentation and

assessment meeting records retention

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Expectation of Risk Management Champion

Have adequate Recommend Prepare a record Assist management

in monitoring the
knowledge of RA appropriate risk of the risk effectiveness of risk
methods control measures assessment control measures

Assist the Provide regular updates Obtain approval from

Assist the
employer as the to the employer the employer or the employer to
focal point for co- regarding appropriate designated manager for ensure that the
ordinating risk risk control measures the implementation of risk register is
implemented risk control measures
management prepared

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – Verifying the expectations of RM Champion

Group activity – Discuss, identify and present your findings.

Objective: To be able to identify the expectations of RM Champion

Instructions:
 List the two relevant person that they can verify with for the expectations of risk management
champion.
 Each individual is to write down at least 5 expectations of a risk management champion.
 Present your findings to the class.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – Verifying the expectations of RM Champion

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – Verifying the expectations of RM Champion

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – Verifying the expectations of RM Champion

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 2 – Verifying the expectations of RM Champion

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LU3. Overview of Risk Management Plan

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Learning Outcomes (LO) Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

LO4. Able to identify risk - K4. Risk management process
management process and risk K5. Risk assessment plan
management plan

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Risk management process

The key steps

in the RM
process are
outlined in the
figure.

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Risk management process

RM is an integral part of organisational work processes

 Customised and tailored to organization
 Contributes to achievement of organisation’s objectives
 Improves performance of business, WSH compliance and environmental
protection
 Takes into account organisational and human factors

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Risk assessment plan

Risk assessment plan (9 Steps)

Support from Top Implementation of
Hazard and risk
management all the
control measures
(resources and recommended
communication
budget) control measures

Establish RA
Monitor the
Formation of RM methodologies and
effectiveness of the
Teams/ Support Conduct RA –
implemented
from Department Assign scope, roles
control measures
Managers and
and Review of RA
responsibilities)

Send for training Plan for in-house Report to

(RM Champion and training for team management (keep
Team Leaders) members them updated)

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Risk Management Implementation Plan

In each of the components of the RM plan, the following needs to be considered or

researched upon when developing it. They are:

Scope of the risk management 1

2 Listing of the company’s job function

Hazard identification and risk

assessment / evaluation methodology 3

4 Risk control measures methodology

Schedule for implementation of risk 5

management plan

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Risk Management Implementation Plan

RISK MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Action by Company Date
management, Time Frame for Implementation / Completion
EHS Personnel, Weeks
RM Leader, Line
Work Activities / Specific Supervisors /
Actions to be Taken Foreman 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Preparation
Formation of RM/RA Team(s)
Roles & Responsibilities of
Individuals in RM/RA
Formulating RM Plan
Scope & Define RA
boundaries
Inventory of Work Activities
Gathering of Information
Conduct Risk Assessment
(Hazard Identification,
Risk Evaluation, Risk
Control (including
additional risk control))
Implementation of
Additional Control
Measures
Hazard and Risk
Communication

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – Risk Management

Individual Activity

Objective: To be able to identify the risk management process and risk assessment plan
Instructions:
 Each individual to fill in the blank for risk assessment process and risk management plan.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – Risk Management

1
• Form Team
• Gather relevant information
• Identify tasks of each process

Risk management
2 •3
•4
•5

process.

6
• 7
• 8
Fill in all the 1 to 13. • 9
• 10 13

11 • Must be available upon request

• Kept for at least three years

12 • Review RA regularly and in compliance with prevailing

regulations

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – Risk Management

Risk assessment plan
Fill in all the 1 to 9 blanks

Support from Implementation of

Hazard and risk
__________________
1 all the
control measures
(resources and recommended
__________________
budget) __________________
2 3

Establish
Formation of Monitor the
__________________
5
_________________/
4 effectiveness of the
and Conduct RA –
Support from implemented
Assign scope, roles
Department control measures
and
Managers and ______________
6
responsibilities)

Send for _________

7 Plan for ______________
9 to
(RM Champion and _______________
8 for management (keep
Team Leaders) team members them updated)

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – Risk Management

• Form Team
Preparation • Gather relevant information
• Identify tasks of each process
C
Suggested Answers O
• Hazard identification M
Risk Assessment • Risk evaluation
• Risk control M
Risk management U
process. • Obtain Employer or Management approval N
• Implement control measures
Implementation • Communicate the hazards identified and their controls
I
• Audit or regular inspections C
A
T
• Must be available upon request
Record-Keeping • Kept for at least three years I
O
N
• Review RA regularly and in compliance with prevailing
Review regulations

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 3 – Risk Management

Risk assessment plan
Suggested Answers

Support from Top Implementation of

Hazard and risk
management all the
control measures
(resources and recommended
communication
budget) control measures

Establish RA
Monitor the
Formation of RM methodologies and
effectiveness of the
Teams/ Support Conduct RA –
implemented
from Department Assign scope, roles
control measures
Managers and
and Review of RA
responsibilities)

Send for training Plan for in-house Report to

(RM Champion and training for team management (keep
Team Leaders) members them updated)

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LU4. Risk Management (RM)/ Risk

Assessment (RA) Team

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Learning Outcomes (LO) Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

LO3. Able to establish a risk A2. Form a risk management team K1. Organisational Workplace Safety
management team based on based on organisational WSH policy and Health (WSH) policy
organisational WSH policy.

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Organisational WSH Policy

SS ISO 45001 Occupational health and safety management systems –

Requirements with guidance for use

WSH Management Implementation at Workplace

System Elements
5.2 Occupational Health & Safety Policy
The Top management has the responsibility to establish the
5. LEADERSHIP
Occupational Health & Safety Policy, which is appropriate for the
organization.

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Organisational WSH Policy

WSH Policy is a guiding principle or course of action toward an objectives.

Statement of Intent
1
Commitment from Indication of
2 3
Senior Management Currency

Three components
are to be included in
WSH Policy.

WSH
Policy

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Organisational WSH Policy

Sample WSH Policy

WSH policy statement of intent
(commitment statement)

Commitment from
senior management
(Signature)

Indication of
currency of the
policy (Date)

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Organisational WSH Policy

Organisational Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) policy must include

the following commitment statement
Roles and
Commitment to
Organisational Commitment to responsibilities at
comply with WSH
overall WSH continual all levels includes
legal and other
objectives improvement accountability of
requirements
top management

Systems to System to Periodic review to

document, communicate to all Manage terror act ensure that it remains
implement and personnel including and embrace SG relevant and
maintain the risk contractors and Secure movement appropriate to the
management visitors organisation

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Forming Risk Management Team

Risk Management Team
Overall RM direction and RM Multi-disciplinary
Letter of activities
Appointment

RM Team Leader
RM Team Members

Thorough knowledge of the work

Be experienced with the work

and processes

Risk Management

Have direct
Be competent for RM and RA access to the
Employer

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Forming Risk Management Team

Risk Management Team Members

The team members can be appointed from the

Process or Maintenance
Supervisors Staff
Facility
Production WSH
Engineers Technical Operators
Personnel Personnel
Management
Staff

RA Teams should have representatives from management and non-

management levels

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Forming Risk Management Team

Where more teams are required to conduct RA in the Workplace, Risk Assessment Teams (“RA Teams”) can be formed

50

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Forming Risk Management Team

Roles and Responsibilities of various stakeholders

Employer
• Ensure that a RA is conducted on WSH risks, including to mental well-being, associated with any
activity or exposure in the workplace. This should include considerations for its preparedness for
terrorism threats at the workplaces, and disease outbreaks
• Take all reasonably practicable measures in the order of hierarchy of controls
• Support the implementation
• Require RM Leader to provide regular updates for e.g. in WSH Committee Meeting
• Require contractor/ supplier to conduct RA
• Ensure Risk Register prepared and maintained as per CP and made available
• Ensure RA Records is kept for at least 3 years
• Review/ Revise RA as per legal requirements and includes when new information on WSH
emerging risks, threat of terrorism, disease outbreak, or mental well-being is made known.
• Monitor effectiveness of the risk control measures

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Forming Risk Management Team

Roles and Responsibilities of various stakeholders

Manager
• Ensure that a RA is conducted
• Ensure Risk Controls are implemented without delay
• Ensure no any “high risk” rating
• Ensure Safe Work Procedures are established
• Ensure all the persons are informed of RA
• Ensure Risk Controls are monitored for effectiveness
• Review/ Revise RA as per legal requirements
• Maintain RA documentations
• Assist Employer in the implementation
• He may authorize another person but still he is acccountable
• Assist HR in arranging training

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Forming Risk Management Team

Roles and Responsibilities of various stakeholders

Human Resource Manager

• Ensure that a robust recruitment process in place to choose suitable job candidates (with WSH
obligations)
• Specify WSH Responsibilities in the job description and ensure that these responsibilities are
effectively communicated
• Ensure orientation and WSH training conducted for new employees
• Support the Employer and Managers with identifying, evaluating, and controlling risks in relation to
personal health (including mental well-being), and organisational factors.
• Support the Employer and Manager to ensure that RA, risk control measures and SWPs are
effectively communicated to all employees.
• Ensure that WSH training and other related RA records are documented
• Work with the Manager and RM or RA Leaders to consider safety and health outcomes in
employees’ performance evaluation, remuneration and discipline
• Implement WSH programmes
• Support the Employer to ensure that HR policies and initiatives are aligned to mitigate the risks
identified.
NOTE: In the absence of a Human Resource Manager in the organisation, the equivalent person undertaking such a work profile of the Human Resource Manager
should execute the duties mentioned above.

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Forming Risk Management Team

Roles and Responsibilities of various stakeholders

Contractors & Suppliers

 Provide information of any machinery, equipment, or hazardous substances to their customers
who may require these information to conduct risk assessment in their workplaces
 Take reasonably practicable measures to eliminate, or reduce to as low as reasonably practicable,
the risk that may be posed by their work (e.g. machinery, equipment, or hazardous substances)
 Whenever necessary, contractors & suppliers should work with the risk management team to
identify, evaluate and control the risk that may arise from:
 Machinery
 Equipment
 Hazardous substances

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Forming Risk Management Team

Roles and Responsibilities of various stakeholders

Risk Management/Risk Assessment Team Leader (Risk Champion)

 Have adequate knowledge of risk assessment methods;
 Recommend appropriate risk control measures to reduce or eliminate the risk identified;
 Prepare a record of the risk assessment for the employer after completion of the assessment;
 Assist management in monitoring the effectiveness of risk control measures after their
implementation;
 Assist the employer as the focal point for co-ordinating risk management within the workplace;
 Provide regular updates to the employer, preferably monthly but no less than once a year, regarding
appropriate risk control measures implemented to reduce or eliminate risks identified;
 Obtain approval from the employer or the designated manager for the implementation of risk
control measures;
 Assist the employer to ensure that the risk register is prepared.

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Forming Risk Management Team

Roles and Responsibilities of various stakeholders

Employees
 Participate in the risk assessment or assist in conducting the risk assessment
 Adhere to the safe work procedures established, and measures stipulated in the risk assessment
 Inform supervisors of any shortcomings in the safe work procedures or risk control measures
 Report to their immediate supervisors any incident, accident, near miss, occupational disease,
dangerous occurrence, or suspicious risks associated with the threat of terrorism so that prompt
action can be taken to address them

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – RM/RA Team

Group activity – Discuss, identify and present your findings.

Objective: To be able to determine the risk management team and their responsibilities
Instructions:
 Each individual to complete the given crossword puzzle.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – RM/RA Team

Across Down
5. The role of the HR is to 1. The contractors/ suppliers are
implement WSH_____________. required to provide __________ on
6. The role of RM/RA Team is to any items to support conducting RA.
assist management in 2. RA Teams must have ____________
__________ the effectiveness of from management and non-
risk control measures after their management levels
implementation 3. The role of the ___________ is to
7. Risk Mangaement Team must take all reasonably practicable measures
be multi-____________ in the order of hierarchy of control.
10. The role of the _________ 4. RM Team must have thorough
is to participate in conducting ___________ of the work
risk assessment 8. Form a RM/RA team based on the
organisational WSH ____________
9. The role of the manager is to ensure
the risk controls are _____________

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 4 – RM/RA Team

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LU5. Risk Assessment

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Learning Outcomes (LO) Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

LO5. Able to create risk A3. Establish hazard identification K6. Hazard identification methodology
assessment methodology methodology for the workplace to K7. Classification of WSH hazards
includes hazard identification, identify WSH hazards associated with any Hazards associated with tools, equipment, materials
work activity or trade and machines
risk evaluation and risk control
K8. Hazards associated with work
measures for the workplace for
processes/activities, workplace conditions and
any work activity or trade. environment
K9. At-risk behaviour
A4. Establish risk assessment K10. Concept of risk assessment
methodology for the workplace to
K11. Risk assessment methodology
determine the risk levels of the identified
hazards associated with any work activity
or trade
A5. Establish risk control measures K12. Risk control measures methodology
methodology for the workplace to
K13. Concept of ALARP
manage the identified risks to a level as
low as reasonably practicable

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Hazard Identification Methodology

Scoping the Risk Assessment

• Scoping is the step of identifying a convenient unit (or “Boundary”) for
assessing and controlling risks at the workplace.

• It may be as simple as dividing a workplace or project into its distinct parts

(e.g., divisions, departments, functional areas or work activities), and then sub-
dividing each part into self contained jobs or areas, each representing the unit
for the RA.

• The RM Team shall determine the boundaries of the RA (e.g., department,

functional area or work activity within the workplace).

• RAs for each identified department, functional area or work activity should be
scoped by the RA Team to provide focus to the assessment.

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Hazard Identification Methodology

Sources of Information:

Internal Information– can be gathered External Information – can be

inside the organisation gathered outside the organisation

• Work layout plan • Legal and other requirements

• Process flow chart • Safety Data Sheets
• List of work activities, chemicals, machinery, tools • Manufacturers’/Suppliers’ maintenance manuals
used • Government enforcing authority publications
• Inspection/ Audit records
• Copies of previous Risk Assessment if any
• Past Incident/ Accident records/ RA form/ Training
• Feedbacks from stakeholders
• Critical incident stress management (CISM)
resources
• Hygiene monitoring/ medical monitoring
• Medical condition, Mental well being indicators
• Information regarding to preparation for terrorism
threats

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Hazard Identification Methodology

Inventory of work activities:

The crucial point in preparing this document is to

list out the work activity in sequential steps

• not be too detail

• not be too general

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Hazard Identification Methodology

Inventory of Work Activity

Department, Activity or Trade Assessed Date

Ref Location Process/ Work Activity Remarks

Design Consideration

65

Hazard Identification Methodology

Refer the table below example for use of scaffold

Correct way of sequencing Too detailed Too general
Select the scaffold Entry into the scaffold storage area Reach the height on the scaffold
Bring scaffold to the work area Switch on the lights Work at height on the scaffold
Place the scaffold in the correct location Go near to the scaffolds
Prepare for the work See all the scaffolds available
Climb up to the scaffold Choose one of the scaffold from the available
scaffolds.
Working-at-Height
Movement of scaffold
Climb down from the scaffold
Housekeeping, returning of scaffold and
tools

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Hazard Identification Methodology

• Hazard identification
Risk •Risk evaluation
Assessment •Risk control

Hazard Risk
Anything with the potential to The likelihood that a hazard will cause a
cause bodily injury specific bodily injury to any person

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Hazard Identification Methodology

Reactive hazard Hazard Identification Proactive hazard

identification methods – Methods identification methods –
after the incident has before the incident is
taken place (incidental- likely to occur
based approach) (systematic approach)
• Accidents / Incidents • Safety audits/ Workplace
investigation reports In order to inspections
identify the
• Analysis of Incident / hazards, they • Job Safety Analysis (JSA) /
accident reports/ injury are different Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
and illness records/ First approaches that • Occupational and health
aid log can be adopted. surveillance
• Complaints or feedback • Consultation with WSH
• Observations committee, safety
consultants
• Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
• Legal and other
requirements
• Brain storming

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Hazard Identification Methodology

1. Types of Hazards

2. Hazards Associated with Tools, Equipment, Materials and

Machines

3. Hazards associated with Work Processes/Activities,

Workplace Conditions and Environment

4. At-risk behaviours

5. Individual and Organisational Factors

6. Workplace and Job-Related Factors

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Hazard Identification Methodology

1. Types of Hazards

WSH Hazards Classification Examples of Hazards

Exposure to excessive Noise, Temperature extremes (too hot or too cold),
Physical
Excessive Vibration, Harmful Radiation
Mechanical Unguarded Shear points, Pinch points, Crush points
Electrical Exposure to live wires and cables, ground fault
Incompatible storage of chemicals (Acids and Solvents), Uncontrolled harmful
Chemical
vapours, Handling of Corrosive chemicals without appropriate hand protection
Ergonomic Improper Manual Handling, posture, task or workplace design
Biological Exposed to harmful Bacteria, Viruses,Toxins
Poor housekeeping, Obstructions to emergency exits, unsafe storage of
Fire
Flammable Materials
Psychosocial employees’ poor mental well-being, stress, fatigue, work overload

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Hazard Identification Methodology

2. Hazards Associated with Tools, Equipment, Materials
and Machines

Exposed to Nip points Exposed to Sharp or cutting edges Exposed to Protruded objects

Unguarded Stamping machine Expose to high tension cables Exposed to Hot surfaces

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Hazard Identification Methodology

3. Hazards associated with Work Processes/Activities,

Workplace Conditions and Environment

a. Hazardous Conditions

Working in confined
spaces where hazardous
Slippery floors atmospheric conditions
in a workplace exists such as lack of
oxygen

Excessive noise Working at unbarricaded

in a workplace floors at heights

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Hazard Identification Methodology

3. Hazards associated with Work Processes/Activities,

Workplace Conditions and Environment

a. Hazardous Conditions

Poor housekeeping

Unstable stacking of
Unguarded machines materials

Incompatible work such as:

Storage of incompatible materials such as:
• Hot work with other work that
• Acids and bases
involve use of flammable
• Flammables with oxidizers
substances
• Washing and electrical work

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Hazard Identification Methodology

3. Hazards associated with Work Processes/Activities,

Workplace Conditions and Environment

b. Hazardous Atmosphere

Improper storage of
Presence of mist, fume or chemicals (Absence of
dust in an unventilated area secondary containment)

Water
mark may
be due to
water
leakage

Poor indoor air quality Lack of oxygen (oxygen deficient atmosphere in a confined space)

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Hazard Identification Methodology

3. Hazards associated with Work Processes/Activities,

Workplace Conditions and Environment

c. Conditions that expose a person to risks of

Absence of/inadequate fall

Indiscriminate disposal of debris from heights prevention system or fall
may cause Struck by falling objects accidents Irregular floor surfaces/
protection equipment may
Obstruction on the floor may cause falling from height
cause Trip and fall on same level

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Hazard Identification Methodology

3. Hazards associated with Work Processes/Activities,

Workplace Conditions and Environment

c. Conditions that expose a person to risks of

Exposed to hot surface

many cause Scalds and burns Working outdoor in lightning
Absence of life jacket may prone (storm weather)
cause Drowning accident conditions may cause fatality
(Lightning strikes)

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Hazard Identification Methodology

4. At-risk behaviours

Violating
procedures for e.g.
confined space Disabling machine
entry and work safety features for e.g.
procedures Taking short-cuts by disabling crane limit
climbing on the scaffold By-passing safety switch
instead of using the internal procedures such as
scaffold ladder standing on the top rungs
of the ladder, not
maintaining 3 point
contact at all times

77

Hazard Identification Methodology

4. At-risk behaviours

Not using or misuse of personal

protective equipment Unauthorised use of equipment Misuse of equipment
for e.g. forklift used as
a working platform

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Hazard Identification Methodology

4. At-risk behaviours

Horseplay - means rough fun

Reckless acts – the worker
should have known that his
action were likely to cause harm

79

Hazard Identification Methodology

5. Individual and Organisational Factors

RA should consider individual and organisational factors that could compromise or influence employees’
work ability and safety (e.g., decreased mental alertness, fatigue, loss of concentration).
Examples of factors (made known voluntarily to employers at individual level or
through analysis of aggregated data from periodic health screening) to be
considered are:
Examples of
organisational factors Individual characteristics and fitness e.g., eyesight, hearing, lack of physical
conditioning to carry out heavy lifting or
• excessive workload,
manual work
• prolonged working hours,
• inadequate training, Personal health condition e.g., anaemia made worse by exposure to
• inadequate acclimatisation lead, allergies to chemicals, etc.
to hot environment, Conditions that, when not well managed, e.g., high blood pressure, high cholesterol,
• alienated sub-groups of may affect safety critical work diabetes mellitus, chronic heart condition,
workers that emotional trauma, etc.
• could place them at risk of
Pregnancy e.g., teratogenic chemicals that can affect the
self-radicalisation
embryo or foetus)
Smoking a risk factor for many diseases
Use of certain medications or alcohol misuse may affect cognitive abilities

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Hazard Identification Methodology

6. Workplace and Job-Related Factors

Other factors to consider when identifying hazards:

• Work shift patterns within the organisation;
• Proximity of hazardous activities to one another;
• Compatibility of work activities;
• Non-routine work activities and situations; and
• Environmental conditions e.g. lighting in the workplace, weather conditions
during outdoor work, corporate WSH requirements.

NOTE:
Risks associated with terrorism threats, disease outbreak (e.g., epidemics, pandemics), and personal health (including
mental well-being) should also be considered in the RA.

81

Hazard Identification Methodology

Holistic Risk Management Examples:

Organisational Factors: Workload Management (Fatigue)

• Worker resting on ground of open yard was run over by a seven-tonne forklift.
• Driver did not notice the worker was in his path
• Both worker and forklift driver had been working beyond 14 hours that day.
• Forklift driver had worked beyond 20 hours on two separate days the week before.
• Long working hours induced fatigue in workers and forklift driver had reduced alertness

82

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Hazard Identification Methodology

Holistic Risk Management Examples:

Organisational Factors: Workload Management (Fatigue)

• Employer may put in place:

• Policy on workload management to
prevent workers’ fatigue
• Appointment of multi-functional team to
implement Fatigue Management plan.

83

Hazard Identification Methodology

Holistic Risk Management Examples: Human Factors

• Delivery driver with poorly managed diabetes may develop complications such as
blurred vision, impaired senses
• May compromise driver’s ability to respond to dangerous situations on the road,
posing a hazard to other drivers, passengers, pedestrians, including themselves.
• Not a problem if diabetes is under control

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Hazard Identification Methodology

Holistic Risk Management Examples: Human Factors

• Employers can put in place health programmes to help employees manage their
health
• Allowing medical service provider to offer optional detailed medical screening services
at corporate rates to employees
• Provide healthier food options at the staff canteen
• Encourage off-the-job health and safety

Please refer to HPB website for various workplace programmes:

https://www.hpb.gov.sg/workplace/workplace-programmes

85

Hazard Identification Methodology

RM must consider health hazards

• Relevant risk factors are to be considered for different health hazards

• Exposure assessments should be conducted where possible to estimate employees’
exposure to health hazards
• Conducted by competent persons using recognised
• Risk Evaluation for Health hazards methods, acceptable standard procedures and
standard calibrated equipment
• Exposure estimates compared with established health

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Learning Activity 5 - Identify the hazards

Group activity – Discuss, identify and present your findings.

Objective:To identify WSH hazards associated with any work activity or trade
• Instructions:
• Refer the given picture in the LG.
• Identify the hazards.
• The answer should include:
A. Classification of WSH hazards
B. Hazards associated with tools, equipment, materials and machines
C. Hazards associated with work processes/ activities, workplace conditions and environment
D. At-risk behaviours
E. Individual and Organisational Factors
• Present your findings to the class.

87

In your group,
identify the hazard
and possible
injuries or ill-health
should also be
identified for each
of the identified
hazards.

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Learning Activity 5 - Identify the hazards

89

Learning Activity 5 - Identify the hazards

90

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Learning Activity 5 - Identify the hazards

91

Learning Activity 5 - Identify the hazards

92

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Risk Assessment Form – Hazard Identification Stage

Department, Activity or Trade Assessed: RA Leader: Approved by: RA Reference Number:

Process/ Design Considerations: RA Member 1: Signature:

Process/ Activity Location: RA Member 2:

Original RA Date: RA Member 3: Name:

Designation:
This RA Review Date: RA Member 4: RA Approval Date:
Next RA Review Date: RA Member 5:

Hazard Identification (LOOK) Risk Evaluation (THINK) Risk Control (DO)

S/No Work- Hazard Potential Existing Risk S L RPN Additional controls [First S L RPN Implementation Due Remarks
Activity/ injury/ ill- Controls consideration how to Person Date
Sub-activity health design out this hazard]

93

Risk Assessment Methodology

Risk assessment approaches - Activity-based risk assessment

Based on a particular work activity.

This involves the steps of

• identifying the hazards in each work activity in a work process,
• evaluation of risk by outlining the any existing risk control before
determining the severity and likelihood of hazard occurrence to rank the
risk level and
• listing possible additional risk control measures as well as
• indicating the action officer and
• follow-up date.

94

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Risk Assessment Methodology

Risk assessment approaches - Activity-based risk assessment

Activity-based risk assessment - study of an activity or a job in a workplace
Company: XYP Co Pte Ltd Conducted by: Ho Beng Long, Plant Manager; Ong Huat
Process/ Location: Carrying out Chain Saw Operation (Names, designations) Teng, Supervisor; Tan Ah Lim, Spray
Approved by: Landscape Manager.
(Date)
Approved by: Song Heng Poh Last Review 01 Sep 2011 Next Review Date: 01 Sep 2017
Painter. General Manager Date:
01 September 2014
(Name,
designation)
(Date) 1. Hazard Identification 2. Risk Evaluation 3. Risk Control
1a. 1b. 1c. 1d. 2a. 2b. 2c. 2d. 3a. 3b.
No. Activity Hazard Possible Existing Risk Severity Likelihood Risk Actions to Actions to
Accident / Control Level Reduce Risk Reduce Risk
Ill Health & - Reducing - Reducing
Persons-at- Severity Severity
Risk and/or Likelihood and/or
Likelihood
1 Moving the Falling of Worker’s feet Safety shoes Moderate Frequent High Provide safe means Ho Beng
chainsaw into chainsaw due to can be of equipment such Long, Landscape
the work area improper crushed by as trolley to moving Manager
handling chainsaw the chainsaw to the (15/12/2019)
causing injury work area.

95

Risk Assessment Methodology

Risk assessment approaches - Trade-based risk assessment

Based on a particular trade

The risk evaluation step essentially involves a “Yes” or “No” assessment.

• “Yes” indicates that a risk is present regardless of whether the risk level
is “High”, “Medium” or “Low”.
• “No” means that there is no risk present. In other words, as long as a
hazard is identified, it is considered a risk, regardless of its severity or
likelihood.

96

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Risk Assessment Methodology

Risk assessment approaches - Trade-based risk assessment

Trade-based risk assessment - study of trade in a workplace

Company: XYP Co Pte Ltd Conducted by: Ho Beng Long, Landscape Manager;
Job: Chainsaw operator (Names, Ong
Last Review Date: 01 Sep 2014 Next Review 01 Sep 2017 designations) Huat Teng, Supervisor; Tan Ah Lim,
Date: (Date) Chainsaw Operator

1. Hazard Identification 2. Risk Evaluation 3. Risk Control Actions

1. 2. 3a. 3b.
Hazards associated Is hazard List of risk control measures Implementation date & Action
with trade likely to harm Tick if it is an existing measure. officer / Remarks
someone?
Limbs crushed due to: □ Moving chainsaws using mechanical 15/12/2019 – Ho Beng Long
• Falling chainsaw because of devices
improper handling while moving it to □√ Yes □No □ √ Use safety shoes
work area □ Other suggestion for actions can be
added here

97

Risk Assessment Methodology

Likelihood – is the probability Severity – is the degree

of an event occurring. Also of injury or harm arising
consider the existing controls from the hazard.
and work conditions & • Number of people affected
procedures to determine the • Individuals at risk
likelihood level
• Potential for “chain
• How often the situation occurs reaction”
• How many people are exposed Likelihood and Severity • Concentration of
• Skills and experience of persons substances
exposed • Volume of materials
• Duration of exposure • Speed of projectiles and
• Position of hazard relative to moving parts
workers and to other hazards • Height / Weight
• Environmental conditions • Position of worker relative
• Condition of equipment to the hazard
• Effectiveness of existing control • Forces and energy level
measures

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Risk Assessment Methodology & Concept of risk assessment

Applying risk ranking and risk matrix

Likelihood and Severity
The guidance for likelihood rating using 5X5 matrix are given in Table.

Level Likelihood Description

1 Rare Not expected to occur but still possible
2 Remote Not likely to occur under normal circumstances
3 Occasional Possible or known to occur
4 Frequent Common occurrence
5 Almost Certain Continued or repeating experience

99

Risk Assessment Methodology & Concept of risk assessment

Applying risk ranking and risk matrix

Likelihood and Severity
The guidance for severity rating using 5X5 matrix are given in Table.
Level Severity Description
5 Catastrophic Death, fatal occupational disease or exposure, or multiple major injuries.
4 Major Serious injuries, serious occupational diseases or exposure (includes amputations, major
fractures, multiple injuries, occupational cancers, diagnosed mental illnesses, acute
poisoning, disabilities, and noise-induced hearing loss)
3 Moderate Injury or ill-health (including mental well-being) requiring medical treatment (includes
lacerations, burns, sprains, minor fractures, psychosocial stress, dermatitis, and work-
related musculoskeletal disorders)
2 Minor Injury or ill-health (including mental well-being) requiring first-aid only (includes minor
cuts and bruises, irritation, ill-health with temporary discomfort, fatigue)
1 Negligible Negligible injury.

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Risk Assessment Methodology & Concept of risk assessment

Applying risk ranking and risk matrix Risk ranking and risk matrix
The ranking of a risk matrix table as shown in the tables below.
Likelihood Rare Remote Occasional Frequent Almost Certain
Severity (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Catastrophic Medium Risk Medium Risk High Risk High Risk High Risk
(5) (5) (10) (15) (20) (25)
Major Medium Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk High Risk High Risk
(4) (4) (8) (12) (16) (20)
Moderate Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk High Risk
(3) (3) (6) (9) (12) (15)
Minor Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk
(2) (2) (4) (6) (8) (10)
Negligible Low Risk Low Risk Low Risk Medium Risk Medium Risk
(1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

101

Risk Assessment Methodology & Concept of risk assessment

Applying risk ranking and risk matrix Acceptability of risk levels

After identified the hazard and determined the risk level, have to compare the action for risk levels which is given below in
the table below:
Risk Risk Recommended Actions
Level Acceptability
Low Risk Acceptable  No additional risk control measures may be needed.
 Frequent review and monitoring of hazards are required to ensure that the risk level assigned is
accurate and does not increase over time.
Medium Tolerable  A careful evaluation of the hazards should be carried out to ensure that the risk level is reduced to
Risk as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) within a defined time period.
 Interim risk control measures, such as administrative controls or PPE, may be implemented while
longer term measures are being established.
 Management attention is required.
High Risk Not  High risk level must be reduced to at least Medium Risk before work commences
acceptable  There should not be any interim risk control measures. Risk Control measures should not be overly
dependent on PPE or appliances.
 If practicable, the hazard should be eliminated before work commences.
 Management review is required before work commences.

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Risk Assessment Form – Risk Evaluation Stage

Department, Activity or Trade Assessed: RA Leader: Approved by: RA Reference Number:

Process/ Design Considerations: RA Member 1: Signature:

Process/ Activity Location: RA Member 2:

Original RA Date: RA Member 3: Name:

Designation:
This RA Review Date: RA Member 4: RA Approval Date:
Next RA Review Date: RA Member 5:

Hazard Identification (LOOK) Risk Evaluation (THINK) Risk Control (DO)

S/No Work- Hazard Potential Existing Risk S L RPN Additional controls [First S L RPN Implementation Due Remarks
Activity/ injury/ ill- Controls consideration how to Person Date
Sub-activity health design out this hazard]

103

Risk Assessment Methodology

Other Methodologies:
Hazard Failure
and Mode Fault Tree Event Tree
What-if
Operability Effect Analysis Analysis
Analysis
Study Analysis (FTA) (ETA)
(HAZOP) (FMEA)

104

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Risk Control Measures Methodology

Upstream Risk Controls

Applying the principles of hierarchy of control

Elimination Should take precedence, where feasible

Substitution
Where
elimination is
Engineering Control not feasible,
measures
should be
Administrative Control taken to
reduce risk in
this order
Personal Protection

105

Risk Control Measures Methodology

Elimination - Total removal of hazards

Design Design
for Risk
Safety Management
(DfS)

Re-design
of work
task or
activities

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Risk Control Measures Methodology

Elimination - Total removal of hazards

Most effective measure because the risk is

eliminated

Choose different process

Modify an existing process by

changing the energy type

Modify or change equipment or tool

Lock out energy source

107

Risk Control Measures Methodology

Substitution - substituting with a less hazardous substance, task or

process

Proactive Reactive
Replacing a flammable & Replacing solvent-based
toxic raw material with cleaning agent with a
a non-flammable and water-based one, only
less toxic one after a fire that left an
employee with burns

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Risk Control Measures Methodology

Substitution - substituting with a less hazardous substance, task or

process

Replace solvent by water solution

Substitute vapour heating by electric heating

Use electronic control instead of

pneumatic one

Use a non-sparking hammer in a flammable

atmosphere instead of a steel hammer

109

Risk Control Measures Methodology

Substitution - substituting with a less hazardous substance, task or

process

Process, Operation, Equipment, Material Substitutes

Drop piling Bore piling
Gear drive Belt drive
Metal gear Plastic gear
Roller conveyor Belt conveyor
Asbestos Gypsum board
Benzene Toluene or xylene
Load cell test O-cell
Raw material in liquid form Raw material in granule form

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Risk Control Measures Methodology

Engineering Control - physical means that limit the

hazard

Isolation/ segregation of the hazard

Designs or modifications to plants, equipment

Installing or use of additional machinery such as local exhaust

ventilation systems
Separating the hazard from operators by methods such as
machine guarding

111

Risk Control Measures Methodology

Engineering Control - physical means that limit the

hazard

 Acoustic enclosure
 Local exhaust ventilation system
 Containment or enclosed system
 Machine guarding
 Automatic process Some other examples
 Robotic operation
 Radiation shielding
 Customised working platforms for
working at heights
 Mechanical lifting aids
 Limit switch for machinery

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Risk Control Measures Methodology

Administrative Control - adherence to procedures or

instructions

Implementation of permit to work systems

Scheduling of incompatible works

By providing information, instruction, training and supervision

113

Risk Control Measures Methodology

Personal Protection - last resort

Equipment worn by individuals to reduce

exposure

The success of this control is dependent on the protective

equipment being chosen correctly, as well as fitted correctly and
worn at all times when required by employees

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Risk Control Measures Methodology

115

Risk Assessment Form – Risk Control Stage

Department, Activity or Trade Assessed: RA Leader: Approved by: RA Reference Number:

Process/ Design Considerations: RA Member 1: Signature:

Process/ Activity Location: RA Member 2:

Original RA Date: RA Member 3: Name:

Designation:
This RA Review Date: RA Member 4: RA Approval Date:
Next RA Review Date: RA Member 5:

Hazard Identification (LOOK) Risk Evaluation (THINK) Risk Control (DO)

S/No Work- Hazard Potential Existing Risk S L RPN Additional controls [First S L RPN Implementation Due Remarks
Activity/ injury/ ill- Controls consideration how to Person Date
Sub-activity health design out this hazard]

116

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Risk Control Measures Methodology

Hierarchy of Controls

Work Activity
Hazards and Risks
Control Measures Match With the Hierarchy of Control
(Tick in the appropriate box)
Personal Protective Equipment □ Elimination/ Substitution
□ Engineering Control
□ Management Control
□ PPE

117

Risk Control Measures Methodology

Managing the risks level to a level “As Low As Reasonably Practicable” (ALARP)

WSHA –
reasonably practicable Reasonable
Practicable Usually takes into account:
• severity
An action is deem
practicable when it is • likelihood
capable of being done • knowledge of hazard
• availability, suitability and
costs of safeguards

118

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Risk Control Measures Methodology

Managing the risks level to a level “As Low As Reasonably Practicable” (ALARP)

Concepts of ALARP -
is the balancing between the risk and the
sacrifice
Some of the questions asked are:
Are the risk control measures practicable and reasonable?
Have the risk level been reasonably lowered to an acceptable/tolerable level?
Are new risks inadvertently introduced?
Have the following been considered in recommending and implementing control measures:
• Relevant Legal Requirements (Acts & Regulations)
• Relevant Codes of Practices
• Relevant MOM guidelines
• Industry based practices & guidelines, etc.

119

Risk Control Measures Methodology

Concepts of ALARP

Work Activity
Hazards and
Risks
Control Concept of ALARP Yes No Remarks
Measures
Personal Are the risk control Practicable?
Protective measures Reasonable?
Equipment Have the risk level been reasonably lowered to an acceptable/tolerable
level?
Are there no any new risks inadvertently introduced?
Have the following been  Relevant Legal Requirements (Acts &
considered in Regulations)
recommending and
 Relevant Codes of Practices
implementing control
measures:  Relevant MOM guidelines
 Industry based practices & guidelines, etc.

120

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Risk Control Measures Methodology

Managing the residual risks

It is “the remaining risk after risk treatment”

- ISO 27001

• The residual risk are the risks that remains in the workplace after all the risk control
measures implemented.
• In other words, Residual risks are remaining risks for which the planned risk controls
are not able to effectively remove or control.
• The team performing the risk assessment will then need to match the existing risk
and see if there is any residual risk.

121

Risk Control Measures Methodology

(the risk before taking (amount of risk

Managing the residual risks risk controls/ gross risks) eliminated or mitigated)

Impact
Residual Inherent
of risk
Risk Risk
control

The residual risk must be managed in the same way that managed the inherent risk.

If the residual risk is evaluated as low risk, can accept the risk level.
If the residual risk is evaluated as medium risk, need to identify to mitigate the risk
If the residual risk is evaluate as high risk, need to stop work and reassess the primary work
activity in the risk assessment

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 6 – Risk Control Measures

Objective: To identify Risk Control Measures that can prevent an incident.

Instructions:
• Refer the given picture.
• Identify the risk control measures based on:
• Hierarchy of control using the form given
• Concepts of ALARP using the form given
• Residual Risks
• Present your findings to the class.

123

LEARNING ACTIVITY 6 – Risk Control Measures

Group activity – Discuss, identify

and present your findings.

An accident had happened at the

workplace. A worker was bumped
unconscious on a pipe that is running
through a corridor.

Discuss within your group, what do you

think can be done to prevent the
incident from happening?

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 6 – Risk Control Measures

125

LEARNING ACTIVITY 6 – Risk Control Measures

126

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 6 – Risk Control Measures

127

LEARNING ACTIVITY 6 – Risk Control Measures

128

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 6 – Risk Control Measures

129

LEARNING ACTIVITY 6 – Risk Control Measures

130

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LU6. SG Secure

131

Learning Outcomes (LO) Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

LO6. Able to conduct risk assessment - -
for SG Secure

132

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bizSAFE
Level 2

133

133

SG Secure

134

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SG Secure

What is ?

SGSecure is a national movement to sensitise,

train and mobilise our community to play a part
to prevent and deal with a terrorist attack.

It is how the whole of Singapore can come together

in response to the terror threat, and safeguard
our way of life.

135

SG Secure

136

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Incorporation of SGSecure into bizSAFE framework

137

Businesses can take steps to protect themselves from terror attacks

• VIGILANCE COHESION • RESILIENCE

Staying alert Staying united Staying strong

to ever-present security as one people during to be resilient and bounce
threats. peacetime and in crisis. back quickly in a crisis.

 Train workforce to be  Imbue the need to  Enable workforce to

alert to unusual behavior cherish and safeguard protect themselves and
or items in surroundings. Singapore’s multi-racial others during an attack.
 Know how to report and multi-religious social  Strengthen preparedness
these to authorities fabric. through exercises and
skills training.

138

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Key Initiatives to strengthen response to terror attacks

• As organisations:
• Prepare your workforce
• Train to become “Prepared Citizens”.
Employees to be briefed on “Run, Hide, Tell”, “Press, Tie, Tell” advisories and be
aware of evacuation routes, etc.
Employees to download the SGSecure mobile app and complete the SGSecure
e-learning.
• Build a harmonious, inclusive and cohesive workplace.
• Identify and develop a team of responders.

139

Key Initiatives to strengthen response to terror attacks

• As organisations:
• Protect your workplace
• Identify terror threats and prepare mitigation and response plans
• Have BCPs, conduct regular exercises and protect IT systems and data.
• Partner your community
• Develop a support network to deal with security incidents in immediate vicinity.
• Reach out to stakeholders and enhance communication capabilities, so as to act
swiftly and decisively during crises.
• Embrace SGSecure as part of your corporate culture and WSH policy.

140

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Appoint an SGSecure Representative

• To raise preparedness against terrorism, all employers are strongly encouraged to

appoint an SGSecure Representative for Workplaces.
• Role of SGSecure Rep:
Champion SGSecure during peacetime.
Work with employer to implement SGSecure initiatives.
Be the POC between company and MOM during crises.
• Expectations:
No legal liabilities for representative.
No specific training requirements but must be capable of achieving the task of making
workplaces safe, healthy and secure.
• Register representative at www.mom.gov.sg/sgsecure to receive direct updates on
the latest SGSecure information and opportunities to network with the SGSecure
business community.

141

What does it mean for the RM Team?

• Be equipped with risk assessment and management skills to

help your workplace mitigate potential terror threats.
• Ensure that all employees are prepared and some to take on
additional roles to mitigate and control terror threats.
• Be ready in the event that a workplace terror attack does happen,
your RM team is prepared and able to activate the response
plan to handle and recover quickly.

142

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What should companies do?

• Premise owners should implement protective security measures to mitigate risk of terrorist attacks

Design
Decide what Identify
mitigation
to protect threats
measures

1. Identify and prioritise assets based on criticality, to

determine what measures to take to protect them
2. Identify features that increase risk / vulnerability to
specific attacks, based on the forms that terror attacks
can take
3. Review existing security measures, prioritise mitigation
measures where risk is high, and apply 4Ds.

143

What should companies do?

• Premise owners should implement protective security measures to mitigate risk of terrorist attacks

Design
Decide what Identify
mitigation
to protect threats
measures

• Human Lives are the topmost priority. Know where

employees and other premise users congregate.
• Identify assets that are essential to your functions
– E.g. Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) Room, Main or Intermediate
Distribution Frame (MDF IDF) Room, Sensitive Materials
• Prioritise these assets based on how critical they are, to
help you determine what measures to take to protect them.

144

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What should companies do?

• Premise owners should implement protective security measures to mitigate risk of terrorist attacks

Design
Decide what Identify
mitigation
to protect threats
measures

• Know the various forms • Identify features that

that terror attacks can increase risk of attack /
take: vulnerability to specific
– Armed attacker(s) attacks
– Vehicles – E.g. Areas of mass congregation,
– Explosives close proximity to the road
– Chemical or biological agents

145

What should companies do?

• Premise owners should implement protective security measures to mitigate risk of terrorist attacks

Design
Decide what Identify
mitigation
to protect threats
measures

• Review existing security • Prioritise mitigation measures

measures where risk is high – Threat,
– Determine effectiveness and Vulnerability,
identify gaps Consequence
– E.g. CCTV systems, • Apply 4Ds to mitigate risks –
deployment of security staff,
Deter, Detect, Delay and
SOPs and response plans
Deny

146

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What should companies do?

• Premise owners should prepare contingency response plans for a terror attack
• Conduct regular exercises • Design a robust
– Identify gaps or flaws contingency response
in your plans plan, considering the
– Regularly review following principles:
your plans Exercise Design – Detect the threat
– Lock down your
• Familiarise premises
people with the – Get the word out
contingency plan – Evacuate if possible
– Hide if not
– Encourage staff
to pick up relevant
Familiarise – Link up with the Police
advisories and
life-saving skills

147

What should companies do?

• Premise owners should prepare contingency response plans for a terror attack
• Design a robust contingency response plan,
considering the following principles:
– Detect the threat – Know how to spot a threat,
Exercise Design
report it, and when to trigger your contingency
response
– Lock down your premises – Consider having a
Familiarise
process to lock-down the premises to prevent
attackers from entering, if your premises allow.
– Get the word out – Be able to inform people of an attack.
– Evacuate if possible – Plan for multiple routes of evacuation, inform people to
disperse from the premises
– Hide if not – Designate safe rooms for people to hide in, should evacuation
become impossible.
– Link up with the Police

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What should companies do?

• Premise owners should prepare contingency response plans for a terror attack

• Conduct regular drills and exercises

– Ensure all staff are familiar with evacuation
routes and hiding places, as well as their roles Exercise Design
during an attack
• Use drills and exercises to identify gaps or Familiarise
flaws in your contingency plans
• Regularly review your plans to ensure that
they are feasible, up-to-date, and easy for staff to
follow.

149

What should companies do?

• Company’s role in BCP

• To have channels to help employees cope with emotional impact of crises and
to handle grievances/ feedback to preserve a cohesive workforce.
• To plan for business continuity and enhance ability to react to business
disruptions by signing up for relevant courses such as Crisis Communications
and BCM certification.
• To partner community and boost vigilance by registering building management
or company SGSecure rep as a Safety and Security Watch Group member.
• To leverage on existing easy-to-use technology such as group-based
communication channels to share information and gather responses promptly.
• For other measures to prepare the workforce, protect the workplace and
partner the community, please refer to the SGSecure Guide for
Workplaces- “Useful Contacts” section.

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Application of Risk Assessment to Terror Attack Scenarios

Case 1: Suspicious parcel left unattended in mail room/lobby area

A suspicious parcel was left unattended in mail room/lobby area. It turned out to be:
a) an improvised explosive device which was set off 30mins later. Explosion killed 5 people; or
b) laced with unknown substance. Five employees who came into direct contact with parcel
displayed symptoms and collapsed.

Case 2: Armed attacker

A perpetrator enters a workplace premise and starts slashing and stabbing everyone he comes
across.

Case 3:Vehicle as a weapon

A perpetrator drives a vehicle into in a workplace premise(e.g. a warehouse or factory) with no

intention of stopping.

151

Sample Risk Assessment for terror scenario at workplaces

Referenc
Director Approved
Department: RA Leader: e
ABC Company by
Number
Senior Server
Process: RA Member 1:
Customer Service
Executive Server
Process/Activity Location: RA Member 2: Signature:
123, Road, Singapore 123456
Operations
Original Assessment date: RA Member 3: Name:
Executive
Last review date: RA Member 4: Designation:

Next review date: RA Member 5: Date:

3. RISK
1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 2. RISK EVALUATION CONTROL
Likelihood

Likelihood
RPN (Risk

RPN (Risk
Severity

Severity
Level)

Level)

Possible injury/ill- Existing risk Additional Implementa Due

Ref Work Activity Hazard Remarks
health controls Controls tion Person Date

1 Serving Physical Hazard:  Fatality of  Additional 5 4 20  Placing of 5 1 5 RM xxxxx

customer in Weapon assault, staff and Security metal Champion
the customer unmanned bag customers personnel to detectors at
service containing look out for office
explosive bomb  Multiple suspicious entrance
injuries characters  Bouncer at
door to
check all bags
and warm
bodies

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Sample Risk Assessment for terror scenario at workplaces

Department: Administration RA Leader: Ismail Approved by: Ameer Reference Number

Process: Office Activities RA Member 1: Ken Signature: RA – OA – 21 - 01
Activity/ Location: Office RA Member 2: Kathir
Assessment Date: 22 Sep 2020 RA Member 3: Nancy Name: Ameer
Last Review Date: 22 Sep 2020 RA Member 4: Kim Designation: CEO
Next Review Date: 22 Sep 2023 RA Member 5: Tan Date: 22 Sep 2020
Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control
Ref Sub- Hazard Possible Existing Risk S L RPN Additional S L RPN Implementation Due Remarks
Person
Activity Injury / Controls Control Date
ill-health
Meeting Death • Access card control • Conduct awareness Training for
1. Physical Hazard- •
at office area
M O High all reception staff and cleaners M R 5 Tan Ah Lee 31 Work In
customer • suspicious objects- • Bodily • Cleaners are given (5) (3) (15) on counter terrorism
(5) (1) (5) (Supervisor) Dec Progress
• To conduct simulation exercise
at the explosives injuries access pass to all on suspicious person and bag at
areas workplaces 2019
customer • Suspicious person • Install panic button
• CCTV cameras
service – suicide bombers • Hand contact with
• Install Facial Recognition
Technologies CCTV
area • Lone wolf-using reception staff is 1 • To report any registrants
carrying weapons
and half meter away
offensive weapons • To display terrorism awareness
• Q numbers are pictures
such as: guns and provided to avoid • To implement Access card entry
with code number after office
knife crowd such as SMS
hours
system • To display roster of cleaners on
• Visitors are on duty and enforce display of pass
invitation only • To implement reporting
protocol
• Enforce all staffs to download
SSG secure apps

153

Sample Risk Assessment for terror scenario at workplaces

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Sample Risk Assessment for terror scenario at workplaces

Department: Operations RA Leader: Ismail Approved by: Ameer Reference Number

Process: Loading and Unloading RA Member 1: Ken Signature: RA – – 21 - 01
Activity/ Location: Workshops RA Member 2: Kathir
Assessment Date: 22 Sep 2020 RA Member 3: Nancy Name: Ameer
Last Review Date: 22 Sep 2020 RA Member 4: Kim Designation: CEO
Next Review Date: 22 Sep 2023 RA Member 5: Tan Date: 22 Sep 2020
Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control
Ref Sub- Hazard Possible Existing S L RPN Additional S L RP Implementati Due Remark
Activity Injury / ill- Risk Control N on Person Dat s
health Controls e
1. Loading Chemical • Bodily • Access card M O High • Security M R 5 Tan Ah Lee 31 Work In
control to
and Hazard- injuries – checking/ (5) (1) (5)
workshop area (5) (3) (15) (Supervisor) Dec Progress
clearance
unloading • Corrosive Burns • Only 2019
substances authorized to required
of goods • Breathing enter before
difficulties workshop
entering
• Cleaners are
given access workshop
pass to all
areas
• Cleaners use
only soap
liquids to clean
areas which
are not acidic
• CCTV
cameras

155

Sample Risk Assessment for terror scenario at workplaces

156

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SGSecure app

Download the app

Features:
 Receives alerts during emergencies
 Subscribe to localised area alerts
 Report suspicious articles or persons,
or an on-going terror attacks
 Make geo-tagged emergency calls and
SMS using a quick access button
 Access SGSecure e-learning resources

Download the via IOS App Store,

Google Play or scan the QR Code

157

Resources on SGSecure

• www.mom.gov.sg/sgsecure
• Take the first step by appointing an SGSecure rep now.
• SGSecure Guide for Workplaces

• www.sgsecure.sg
• Protective Security Advisory for Premises
• Contingency Planning Advisory for Premises
• SGSecure advisories and video resources on “Run, Hide, Tell”, “Improvised
First Aid Skills” & “SGSecure App”

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Thank you for

being part of the
SGSecure Movement
www.mom.gov.sg/sgsecure

159

LU7. Risk Controls Implementation

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Learning Objectives

Learning Outcomes (LO) Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

LO7. Able to come out with the risk A6. Develop a workplace risk K14. Development of risk
management plan to implement the management plan to implement management plan
hazard identification, risk assessment, the hazard identification, risk
and risk control measures assessment, and risk control
measures

161

Implementing control processes

• A control process may take time to implement depending on the urgency and
nature of the process.
• Supervisors are tasked with the responsibility to indicate the start date of the
implementation of the control process and to report the progress of the
implementation.

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Implementing control processes

Effective On-Site Implementation

 Persons at work are able to articulate:
o Hazards: What the potential dangers are
o Precautions: Controls provided to make safe the job
 Risk controls are implemented on ground
 Corporate RM are consistently implemented across all sites

163

Prioritisation Schedule for implementation of risk management plan

Prioritisation of control measures (action items) and schedule based on Risk Priority Number (RPN) and Resources

RA Ref. No.:
Date:
Name and designation of RM Champion:
Name and designation of RM Team Members:
Risk Prioritisation
RA Ref. Location & Additional Risk Number (RPN)
Activity Hazard & Risk Implementation Person/Date Remarks
No. Process Controls (highest score to be
listed first)

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Risk Assessment Form – Implementation Stage

Department, Activity or Trade Assessed: RA Leader: Approved by: RA Reference Number:

Process/ Design Considerations: RA Member 1: Signature:

Process/ Activity Location: RA Member 2:

Original RA Date: RA Member 3: Name:

Designation:
This RA Review Date: RA Member 4: RA Approval Date:
Next RA Review Date: RA Member 5:

Hazard Identification (LOOK) Risk Evaluation (THINK) Risk Control (DO)

S/No Work- Hazard Potential Existing Risk S L RPN Additional controls [First S L RPN Implementation Due Remarks
Activity/ injury/ ill- Controls consideration how to Person Date
Sub-activity health design out this hazard]

165

Role of Management in Implementing control processes

Management must make a commitment to the…

• establishment,
• implementation,
• operation,
• monitoring,
• review,
• maintenance, and
• improvement

of the Risk Management as stated

in the WSH Policy

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Role of Management in Implementing control processes

Commitment must include activities such as

ensuring that the proper resources are

available to work on the risk controls

that all employees affected by the work

activities, nature of hazard, risk controls
have the proper training, awareness, and
competency to manage those risks

167

Developing safe work procedures

Safe work procedure means any procedures

for carrying out work safely, and includes any
procedures which are to be taken to protect
the safety and health of persons in the event
of an emergency

A safe work procedure should be developed

• after identified as a risk control measure in a risk assessment
• when not reasonably practicable to eliminate

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Establishing RM Training Plan

In order to become competent, training outcomes should be:

• Participate in RA effectively in accordance with legal and other requirements
• Identify all the foreseeable hazards for all the routine or non-routine activities
• Evaluate the risk level to estimate the size of the risks for to compare and
priorities based on the organisational needs
• Decide on most effective, acceptable and appropriate controls for each risk using
hierarchy of controls
• Implement, monitoring and reviewing the risk assessment controls in accordance
with organisational procedures

169

Tracking progress in Implementing control processes

Setting up the mechanism and protocols for tracking

progress of risk control measures

• Tracking progress of risk control measures

• Tracking of action items status
• Workplace inspection and observation for action items
• The implementation reports
• Review meetings and Feedback sessions
• Conduct safety inspections

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Maintenance of Implemented risk control measures

• Conduct planned and adhoc inspections to verify risk control

measures effectiveness and to ensure maintenance are conducted.
• Update of risk register, safe work procedures, training records, etc,

171

Evaluation of the Implemented Risk Control Measures

Evaluate the effectiveness of the risk control measures by the following criteria
• Has it reduced the WSH risks, if not eliminated?
• Has it served its intended purpose?
• Is it sustainable?
• Has it address system issues?
• Has it introduced other WSH risks?
• Has it minimised impact on operation?
• Is it cost effective?

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Risk Register

• The compilation of all the risk assessment documents

• convenient way to list all the risk assessments in the register

Risk Register Cover Sheet

Workplace Name: Date:

RA Ref. No. Department, Process, Activity, RA Approval Next Review RA Leader & Remarks
Activity or Location or Design Date Date Designation
Trade Consideration
Assessed

Note:
Page of

173

Learning Activity 7 – Conduct Risk Assessment

Group activity – Discuss, identify and present your findings.

Objective – To complete the risk assessment form based on an organization.

Instructions:
• Ask each learner to review one work activity within their organisation that they are familiar with.
• Discuss on (1) WSH Hazards (2) Terror threat (3) Disease Outbreak (4) Total WSH – Personal Health
Risk Situation and (5) Mental Well being as a hazard, evaluate the risk and recommend control measures
• Learners are to complete:
• Risk Management Implementation Form (Form A)
• Inventory of Work Activity (Form B)
• Risk Assessment Form (Form C)
• Concepts of ALARP (Form D)
• Each learner can find a partner to discuss and provide comments on each other work.

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Learning Activity 7 – Conduct Risk Assessment

Risk Management Implementation Form (Form A)

Action by Company Date
management, EHS Time Frame for Implementation / Completion
Personnel, RM Leader, Weeks
Line Supervisors /
Foreman
Work Activities / Specific Actions
to be Taken 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Preparation
Formation of RM/RA Team(s)

Roles & Responsibilities of Individuals

in RM/RA
Formulating RM Plan
Scope & Define RA boundaries

Inventory of Work Activities

Gathering of Information
Conduct Risk Assessment (Hazard
Identification, Risk Evaluation,
Risk Control (including additional
risk control))

Implementation of Additional
Control Measures

Hazard and Risk Communication

175

Learning Activity 7 – Conduct Risk Assessment

Inventory of Work Activity (Form B)

Department, Activity or Trade Assessed Date

(SCOPE)
Ref Location Process/ Work Activity Remarks
Design Consideration

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Learning Activity 7 – Conduct Risk Assessment

Suggested Answers
Risk Assessment Form (Form C)
Department, Activity or Trade Assessed: RA Leader: Approved by: RA Reference Number:

Process/ Design Considerations: RA Member 1: Signature:

Process/ Activity Location: RA Member 2:

Original RA Date: RA Member 3: Name:

Designation:
This RA Review Date: RA Member 4: RA Approval Date:
Next RA Review Date: RA Member 5:

Hazard Identification (LOOK) Risk Evaluation (THINK) Risk Control (DO)

S/No Work- Hazard Potential Existing Risk S L RPN Additional controls [First S L RPN Implementation Due Remarks
Activity/ injury/ ill- Controls consideration how to Person Date
Sub-activity health design out this hazard]

177

Learning Activity 7 – Conduct Risk Assessment

Concepts of ALARP (Form D)

Work Activity
Hazards and Risks
Control Measures Concept of ALARP Yes No Remarks
Personal Protective Are the risk Practicable?
Equipment control measures Reasonable?
Have the risk level been reasonably lowered to an
acceptable/tolerable level?
Are there no any new risks inadvertently introduced?
Have the following  Relevant Legal Requirements (Acts &
been considered in Regulations)
recommending and  Relevant Codes of Practices
implementing  Relevant MOM guidelines
control measures:  Industry based practices & guidelines, etc.

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Learning Activity 7 – Conduct Risk Assessment

179

LU8. Present the Risk Management Plan

180

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Learning Objectives

Learning Outcomes (LO) Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

LO8. Able to explain the risk A7. Present the risk -
management plan to relevant management plan to relevant
stakeholder for consideration. stakeholders for consideration.

181

Present the Risk Management Plan

Get authorisation from the

management to act
upon the implementation
of control measures

Present the “Prioritisation

Schedule for
implementation of risk
management plan” to the
manager

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Present the Risk Management Plan

Organisational Activities
WSH
Risk Management
Framework
Implementation Plan

WSH Act Scope of Risk

Management
Prioritisation of action
items and schedule
WSH (Risk Management)
Regulations
Inventory of work activities

WSH Policy Resources

Hazard Identification, Risk required
Evaluation, Risk Control
Why there is a need for risk Methodologies
management?
Communication
Plan
Risk Assessment Form
Risk Management/ Risk
Assessment Team Members

183

LU9. Risk Communication

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Learning Outcomes (LO) Abilities (A) Knowledge (K)

LO9. Able to explain the identified A8. Communicate the identified K15. How to communicate the
hazard, risk evaluated, and hazard, risk evaluated, and implemented risk control measures
implemented risk control measures implemented risk control measures
to the person concerned. to the person concerned.

185

Risk Communication

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Risk Communication

Various stakeholders concerned such as

Contractors/
Persons Management
Suppliers Visitors
exposed to the staffs
Supervisory
risks
staffs Customers
Persons
performing the
activity

187

Risk Communication
The following to be communicated

Nature of risk Measures to mitigate Safe work procedures Management of

involved and control risks to control risks change
• Level of the risk • Reasons for the • Hazards and • Environment
measures potential accidents
• Factors that may • How to apply them
• Equipment
associated with the
influence risk properly each step of the job • Work procedures
• Factors that may • What to do and who • Standard task and
increase risk to contact if things go
wrong or change procedures required • Personnel
significantly to complete a job
• If Personal Protective properly and safely
Equipment is used as • What should be
control measure, then done and how it
the communication should be done with
also should include the references to key
limitations of the
safety concerns
Personal Protective
Equipment • Emergency response
procedures

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Risk Communication

Means of communication

The communication must be

understandable by the target
audience

May require use of photographs,

diagrams, tables, etc.

189

Risk Communication

The means of communication can be as follows:

Induction training Notice board/

WSH Committee Meetings
bulletins

Email and Telephone calls One-on-one discussions

Small group meetings Feedback sessions Hands-on training

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Risk Communication

RISK COMMUNICATION PLAN

Company & Date:
RA Ref. No.
S/N Means of Risk Venue Duration Person-in- Stakeholder to Resources
Communication Charge communicate

191

Risk Communication

Documentation

Control measures
installed
Maintenance and
review requirements

Updating of risk
register, risk Steps taken for
assessment forms, control measures
SWPs,
operation/maintenance
/training records

Ensure that the relevant documents/ records are readily available for review by designated
persons at the workplace and regulatory agencies.

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Risk Communication

Review of risk assessment

At least once every 3 years

Upon the occurrence of any bodily injury

Where there is a significant change in work practices or procedures or in workers’ personal health including
mental well being in relation to safety critical work process or activity

Any new/amended legal and other requirements

New information on WSH emerging risks, threat of terrorism, disease outbreak, or mental
well-being is made known.

193

Updating the RA Form after Implementation

• After implementation, additional controls would have become existing controls.

• To update the RA form, the RA Team is to reconcile the controls by updating the Existing
Controls column and deleting the controls under Additional Controls.

The following are to be considered when reconciling Existing Controls with Additional Controls:
a. ADD Additional Control measures in the Existing Controls column if they are new controls. For example,

i. Existing Control Noise Enclosure

ii. Additional Control Earplugs as an ADDITIONAL layer of
protection
iii. Record reconciliation under the Existing Control a. Keep "Noise Enclosure”
column b. Add “Earplugs” under Existing Controls
iv. Record reconciliation under the Additional Control Delete “Earplugs”
column

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Updating the RA Form after Implementation

RA form Before Implementation

Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control
Ref Sub- Activity Hazard Possible Existing Risk Controls S L RPN Additional Controls S L RP Implementation Due Remarks
Injury/ Ill- N Person Date
health

Operating Noise Noise Noise Enclosure 3 3 9 Earplugs 3 2 6 Supervisor Dec

Machine Induced
Deafness

RA form After Implementation

Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control
Ref Sub- Activity Hazard Possible Existing Risk Controls S L RPN Additional Controls S L RP Implementation Due Remarks
Injury/ Ill- N Person Date
health

Operating Noise Noise Noise Enclosure 3 2 6 - - - - - - Implemen

Machine Induced Earplugs ted on
Dec
Deafness

195

Updating the RA Form after Implementation

OR
REPLACE Existing Control measures with new measures as appropriate. For example,

i. Existing Control Earplugs

ii. Additional Control Ear muffs
iii. Since the RA Team had decided that the use of ear
muffs is adequate and will replace the use of ear plugs

1. Record reconciliation under the Existing Controls a. Add “Ear muffs”

column b. Delete “Earplugs”

a. Delete “Ear muffs”

2. Record reconciliation under the Additional Control
column

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Updating the RA Form after Implementation

RA form Before Implementation

Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control
Ref Sub- Activity Hazard Possible Existing Risk Controls S L RPN Additional Controls S L RP Implementation Due Remarks
Injury/ Ill- N Person Date
health

Operating Noise Noise Noise Enclosure 3 2 6 Ear muffs 3 1 3 Supervisor Dec

Machine Induced Earplugs
Deafness

RA form After Implementation

Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control
Ref Sub- Activity Hazard Possible Existing Risk Controls S L RPN Additional Controls S L RP Implementation Due Remarks
Injury/ Ill- N Person Date
health

Operating Noise Noise Noise Enclosure 3 1 3 - - - - - - Implemen

Machine Induced Ear Muffs ted on
Dec
Deafness

197

Learning Activity 8 – Present the risk management plan and

Risk Communication

Objective: To be able to present the risk management plan and communicate the risk controls.

Instructions:
• Assume that you are the appointed Risk Management Champion for ABC Company Pte Ltd.
• You have to do the following:
• Present the risk management plan to the management for the approvals.
• Communicate the risk controls to the persons exposed to the risks.
• Prepare the points that are required for the above presentation and communication.
• Each and every trainee take turn to present and communicate.

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Appendix – Examples of RA (Ref. WSH Council)

199

Appendix – Examples of RA (Ref. WSH Council)

200

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Appendix – Examples of RA (Ref. WSH Council)

201

Appendix – Examples of RA (Ref. WSH Council)

202

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Appendix – Examples of RA (Ref. WSH Council)

203

Appendix – Examples of RA (Ref. WSH Council)

204

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Appendix – Examples of RA (Ref. WSH Council)

205

Appendix – Examples of RA (Ref. WSH Council)

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Assessment

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