Ramanuja Smart Studies

KSSiA Technocity Campus Ernakulam

Worksheet Name: Pair of linear equations in two variables Standard: 10TH Subject: MATHEMATICS

Q1. Solve for x and y:

1​ 1​
+ = 2,
2x 3y
1 ​ 1 ​ 13 ​ ​
+ = ̸ 0, y ​=
(x = ̸
3x 2y 6
0).

Ans: 1​ 1 1 ​ 1 ​ 13 ​
+ = 2, + =
2x 3y 3x 2y 6
1​ 1​
Putting = u and = v the given equations become
x y
1​ 1​ 1​ 1 13 ​
u + v = 2 and u + ​v =
2 3 3 2 6
⇒ 3u + 2v = 12 … (i) and 2u + 3v = 13 … (ii)
Multiplying (i) by 3 and (ii) by 2, we get
v=3
1
⇒ ​= 2 and
x
1
⇒ ​= 3
y
1
⇒ x = ​ and
2
1
⇒y= ​
3
Q2. Solve the following systems of equations by using the method of cross
multiplication:
ax ​ by ​
− = a + b,
b a
ax − by = 2ab

Ans: The given equations may be written as:

ax ​ by ​
− − (a + b) = 0 … (i)
b a
ax − by − 2ab = 0 … (ii)
a −b ​
Here, a1 ​= ​, b1 ​= , c1 = -(a + b), a2 = a, b2 = -b and c2 = -2ab
b a
By cross multiplication, we have:

x ​= y ​
∴ a
b​ −(a + b) × a − (−2ab) × ​
( − ) × (−2ab) − (−b) × (−(a + b)) b
a
1 ​
=
a​ b
× (−b) − a × ( − ​)
b a
x ​ y ​= 1
⇒ 2 = 2
2b − b(a + b) −a(a + b) + 2a −a +b
x ​= y ​= 1 ​
⇒
2b2 − ab + b2 −a2 − ab + 2a2 −a + b
x ​= y ​= 1 ​
⇒ 2 2
(b − ab) (a − ab) −(a − b)
x ​= y ​= 1 ​
⇒
−b(a − b) a(a − b) −(a − b)
−b(a − b) ​ a(a − b) ​
⇒x= = b, y = = −a
−(a − b) −(a − b)
Hence, x = b and y = -a is the required solution.

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Q3. Solve the following system of equations
graphically:
2x + 3y = 2,
x - 2y = 8

Ans: On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' representing the x-axis and y-axis,
respectively.
Graph of 2x + 3y = 2:
2(1 − x) ​
y=
3
Putting x = 1, we get y = 0
Putting x = -2, we get y = 2
Putting x = 4, we get y = -2
∴ Table for 2x + 3y = 2 is
x: 1 -2 4
y: 0 2 -2
Plot the points A(1, 0), B(-2, 2) and C(4, -2) on the graph paper.
Join AB and AC to get the graph line BC.
Extend it on both ways.
Thus, the line BC is the graph of x + 3y = 2.
Graph of x - 2y = 8:
x − 8​
y=
2
Putting x = 2, we get y = -3
Putting x = 4, we get y = -2
Putting x = 0, we get y = -4
Table for x - 2y = 8 is
x: 2 4 0
y: -3 -2 -4
Now, on the same graph paper plot the points P(0, -4) and Q(2, -3). The point C(4, -2) has already been
plotted.
Join PQ and QC and extend it on both ways.
Thus, line PC is the graph of x - 2y = 8.

The two graph lines intersect at C(4, -2).

∴ x = 4, y = -2 is the solution of the given system of equations.
Q4. Solve the following system of equations
graphically:
2x - 3y + 13 = 0,
3x - 2y + 12 = 0

Ans: 2x − 3y + 13 = 0
13 + 2x ​
⇒y=
3
x: 1 4
y: 5 7
3x − 2y + 12 = 0

12 3 2/11
 12 + 3x ​
⇒y=
2
x: 0 -4
y: 6 0

Since the two graph intersect at (-2, 3),

x = -2 and y = 3

Q5. Solve for x and y:

5​ 3​
− = 1,
x y
3​ 2​
+ = 5 (x ​=
̸ 0, y ​=
̸
2x 3y
0).
1​ 1
Ans: Putting = u and ​= v the given equations become
x y
5u - 3v = 1 ...(1)
3u ​ 2v ​
+ =5
2 3
9v + 4v ​
=5
6
9u + 4v = 30 ...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 4 and (2) by 3, we get
20u - 12v = 4 ...(3)
27u + 12v = 90 ...(4)
Adding (3) and (4), we get
47u = 94
94 ​
⇒u= =2
47
Putting u = 2 in (1), we get
(5 × 2) - 3v = 1
⇒ 10 - 3v = 1
⇒ -3v = 1 - 10
⇒ -3v = -9
⇒v=3
Now, u = 2
1
⇒ ​= 2
x
1
⇒x= ​
2
and, v = 3
1
⇒ ​= 3
y
1
⇒y= ​
3
1 1
∴ The solution is x = ​ and y = ​
2 3
Q6. Solve for x and y:
2 ​+ 3 ​=
(3x + 2y) (3x − 2y)
17 ​
,
5

5 1 3/11
 5 ​+ 1 ​= 2
(3x + 2y) (3x − 2y)
Ans: 2 ​+ 3 ​= 17 ​,
(3x + 2y) (3x − 2y) 5
5 ​+ 1 ​= 2
(3x + 2y) (3x − 2y)
1 ​= u and 1 ​= v so, we get
Putting
3x + 2y 3x − 2y
17 ​
2u + 3v = … (i)and
5
5u + v = 2 … (ii)
Multiplying (ii) by 3 and subtract it from (i).
17 ​
⇒ 15u + 3v = 6 and 2u + 3v =
5
17 ​
⇒ −13u = −6
5
13
⇒ −13u = − ​
5
1
⇒u= ​
5
1
Substituting u = ​ in (i), we get v = 1
5
1 ​= 1 ​ and 1 ​= 1
⇒
3x + 2y 5 3x − 2y
⇒ 3x + 2y = 5 … (iii) and 3x − 2y = 1 … (iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
6x = 6
x=1
Substituting x = 1 in (iii), we get y = 1
Hence, x = 1 and y = 1

Q7. Solve: ax ​− by ​= a + b, ax − by =
b a
2ab.

Ans: The given equation may be written as follows:

ax ​ by ​
− − (a+b) = 0 ...(i)
b a
ax - by - 2ab = 0 ...(ii)
a b1 ​​
Here, a1 ​= ​, b1 ​= , c1 ​= −(a+b), a2 ​= a, b2 ​= −b, c2 ​= −2ab
b a
By cross multiplying, we have:

x ​
∴
b​
( − ) × (−2ab) − (−b) × (−(a+b))
a
y ​
= a
−(a+b) × a − (−2ab) × ​
b
1 ​
=
a​ b
× (−b) − a × ( − ​)
b a
x ​ y ​= 1 ​
⇒ 2 = 2
2b − b(a+b) −(a+b) + 2a −a+b
x ​= y ​= 1 ​
⇒ 2 2 2 2
2b − ab − b −a − ab + 2a −a+b
x ​= y ​= 1 ​
⇒ 2 2
b − ab a − ab −(a − b)
x ​= y ​= 1 ​
⇒
−b(−a − b) a(a − b) −(a − b)
−b(a − b) ​ a(a − b) ​
⇒x= = b, y = = −a
−(a − b) −(a − b)
Hence, x = b and y = -a is the required solution.

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Q8. Solve each of the following given systems of equations graphically and find the vertices and area of the
triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis:
2x - 3y + 4 = 0, x + 2y - 5 = 0

Ans: 2x − 3y + 4 = 0
2x + 4 ​
⇒y=
3
x: -2 1
y: 0 2
x + 2y − 5 = 0
4 − 2x ​
⇒y=
3
x: 1 5
y: 2 0

Since the two graph intersect at (1, 2),

x = 1 and y = 2
The vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis are (-2, 0), (1, 2) and (5, 0).
So, height of the triangle = distance from (1, 2) to x-axis
= 2 units
Base = 7 units
1
Area of triangle = ​× base × height
2
1​
= ×7×2
2
= 7 sq. units
Q9. Show graphically that each of the following given systems of equations has infinitely many
solutions:
3x - y = 5, 6x - 2y = 10

Ans: On a graph paper, draw a horizontal line X'OX and a vertical line YOY' representing the x-axis and y-axis,
respectively.
The given system equations is 3x - y = 5, 6x - 2y = 10
Graph of 3x - y = 5:
3x - y = 5
⇒ y = 3x - 5 ...(1)
Thus, we have the following table for equation (1)
x: 1 0 2
y: -2 -5 1
On the graph paper plot the points A(1, -2), B(0, -5) and C(2, 1).
Join AB and AC to get the graph line BC.
Thus, the line BC is the graph of the equation of 3x - y = 5.
Graph of 6x - 2y = 10:
For graph of 6x - 2y = 10
6x − 10 ​
⇒y= … (2)
2
Thus, we have the following table for equation (2)
x: 0 1 2
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 y: -5 -2 1
These points are the same as obtained above.

From the graph, it is clear that these two lines coincide.

Both equations represents same graph.
Hence, these lines have infinitely many solutions.
Q10. Places A and B are 160km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another car from B at the
same time. If they travel in the same direction, they meet in 8 hours. But, if they travel towards each
other, they meet in 2 hours. Find the speed of each car.

Ans: Let X and Y be the cars starting from A and B respectively and let their speeds be x km/hr and y km/hr
respectively.
Then, AB = 160km.
Case 1: When the two cars move in the same direction In this case, let the two cars meet at a point M.

Distance covered by X in 8 hours = 8x km

Distance covered by Y in 8 hours = 8y km
∴ AM = (8x)km and BM = (8y)km
⇒ AM - BM = AB
⇒ (8x - 8y) = 160
⇒ x - y = 20 ...(i)
Case 2: When the two cars move in the opposite direction.
In this case, let the two cars meet at a point P.

Distance covered by X in 2 hours = 2x km

Distance covered by Y in 2 hours - 2y km
AP = (2x)km and BP = (2y)km
⇒ AP + BP = AB
⇒ (2x + 2y) = 160
⇒ x + y = 80 .....(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2x - 100
⇒ x = 50
Substituting x = 50 in (ii), we get
⇒ y = 30.
Hence, the speed of the car starting from A is 50km/h
and that of the one starting from B is 30km/h.
Q11. Solve for x and y:
5 ​ 2 ​
− =
x+y x−y
−1,
15 ​ 7 ​
+ =
x+y x−y
10

5 2 6/11
Ans: 5 ​ 2 ​
− = −1,
x+y x−y
15 ​ 7 ​
+ = 10
x+y x−y
1 ​ 1 ​
Put = u and =v
x+y x−y
So, we get
5u - 2v = -1 ...(i) and 15u + 7v = 10 ...(ii)
Multiply (i) by 3 and subtract (ii) it from.
⇒ 15u - 6v = -3 and 15u + 7v = 10
⇒ -13v = -13
⇒v=1
1
Substituting v = 1 in (i), we get u = ​
5
1 ​ 1​ 1 ​
⇒ = and =1
x+y 5 x−y
⇒ x + y = 5 ...(iii) and x - y = 1 ...(iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
2x = 6
⇒x=3
Substituting x = 3 in (iii), we get y = 2
So, x = 3 and y = 2

Q12. Solve for x and y:

217x + 131y =
913,
131x + 217y =
827

Ans: The given equations are:

217x + 131y = 913 ...(1)
131x + 217y = 827 ...(2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get
348x + 348y = 1740
348(x + y) = 1740
x + y = 5 ...(3)
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
86x - 86y = 86
⇒ 86(x - y) = 86
⇒ x - y = 1 ...(4)
Adding (3) and (4), we get
2x = 6
⇒x=3
Putting x = 3 in (3), we get
3+y=5
⇒y=5-3=2
∴ The solution is x = 3, y = 2

Q13. Solve the following systems of equations by using the method of cross
multiplication:
7x − 2y = 3,
3
11x − ​y = 8
2
Ans: The given equations may be written as:
7x − 2y − 3 = 0 … (i)
3
11x − ​y − 8 = 0 … (ii)
2
3 7/11
 3
Here, a1 = 7, b1 = -2, c1 = -3, a2 = 11, b2 = − ​ and c2 = -8
2
By cross multiplication, we have:

x ​= y ​= 1 ​
∴ 3​ −3 ​
[(−3) × 11 − (−8) × 7]
[(−2) × (−8) − ( ) × (−3)] ×
[7 ( ) − 11 × (−2)]
2 2
x ​= y ​= 1 ​
⇒
9​ (−33 + 56) 21 ​
(16 − ) (− + 22)
2 2
x ​ y​ 1 ​
⇒ 23 = =
23
( ​) 23 ( ​)
2 2
23 ​
23 ​
⇒ x = 2 ​= 1, y = =2
23 ​ 23 ​
2 2
Hence, x = 1 and y = 2 is the required solution.

Q14. 23 spoons and 17 forks together cost ₹ 1770, while 17 spoons and 23 forks together cost ₹ 1830.
Find the cost of a spoon and that of a fork.

Ans: Let each spoon cost ₹ x and each fork cost ₹ y

According to the first condition,
23x + 17y = 1770 ...(i)
According to the second condition,
17x + 23y = 1830 ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
40x + 40y = 3600
⇒ x + y = 90 ...(iii)
Subract (ii) from (i), we get
6x - 6y = -60
⇒ x - y = -10 ...(iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
2x = 80
⇒ x = 40
Substituting x = 40 in (iii), we get
y = 50
Hence, the cost of each spoon is ₹ 40 and the cost of each fork is ₹ 50.
Q15. Solve for x and y:
bx ​ ay ​
+ = a2 +
a b
b2 ,
x + y = 2ab
bx ​ ax ​
Ans: − + a2 + b 2
a b
By taking L.C.M., we get
b 2 x + a2 y ​
= a2 + b 2
ab
b2x + a2y = ab(a2 + b2) ...(1)
x + y = 2ab ...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 1 and (2) by a2
b2x + a2y = a3b + ab3 ...(3)
a2x + a2y = 2a3b ...(4)
Subtracting (4) from (3), we get
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 b2x - a2x = a3b + ab3 - 2a3b
x(b2 - a2) = ab3 - a3b
x(b2 - a2) = ab(b2 - a2)
ab(b2 − a2 ) ​
∴ x= = ab
(b2 − a2 )
Substituting x = ab, in (3), we get
b2(ab) + a2y = a3b + ab3
b3a + a2y = a3b + ab3
a2y = a3b + ab3 - b3a
a2y = a 3b
a3 b
⇒ y = 3 ​= ab
a
∴ solution is x = ab, y = ab

Q16. A man sold a chair and a table together for ₹1520, thereby making a profit of 25% on chair and 10% on
table. By selling them together for ​₹1535, he would would have made a profit of 10% on the chair and
25% on the table. Find the cost of each.

Ans: Let the CP of the chair and the table be Rs. x and Rs. y respectively.
Then, selling price of the chair + selling price of the table = 1520
100 + 25 ​ 100 + 10 ​
⇒ x+ y = 1520
100 100
125 ​ 110 ​
⇒ x+ y = 1520
100 100
⇒ 25x + 22y = 30400 … (i)
Given that by selling them together for Rs. 1535, he would have made a profit of 10% on the chair and 25%
on the table.
100 + 10 ​ 100 + 25 ​
⇒ x+ y = 1535
100 100
110 ​ 125 ​
⇒ x+ y = 1535
100 100
⇒ 22x + 25y = 30700 … (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
47x + 47y = 61100
⇒ x + y = 1300 ...(iii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
3x - 3y = -300
x - y = -100 ...(iv)
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
⇒ 2x = 1200
⇒ x = 600
Substituting x = 600 in (iii), we get y = 700
Hence, cost of the chair is Rs. 600 and cost of the table is Rs. 700
Q17. Solve the following system of equations
graphically:
2x + 3y + 5 = 0,
3x - 2y - 12 = 0

Ans: 2x + 3y + 5 = 0
−5 − 2x ​
⇒y=
3
x: -4 -1
y: 1 -1
3x − 2y − 12 = 0

3 12 9/11
 3x − 12 ​
⇒y=
2
x: 0 4
y: -6 0

Since the two graph intersect at (2, -3),

x = 2 and y = -3
Q18. 90% and 97% pure acid solutions are mixed to obtain 21 litres of 95% pure acid solution. Find the
quantity of each type of acids to be mixed to form the mixture.

Ans: Let the x litres of 90% and y litres of 97% pure acid solutions be mixed.
According to the given condition,
90 ​ 97 ​ 95 ​
x+ y= (21)
100 100 100
⇒ 90x + 97y = 95(21)
⇒ 90x + 97y = 1995 ...(i)
Since the amount of each solutions adds to 21 liters,
⇒ x + y = 21 ...(ii)
Multiplying (ii) by 90, we get
⇒ 90x + 90y = 1890 ...(iii)
Subtract (iii) from (i).
⇒ 7y = 105
⇒ x = 80
Substituting y = 15 in (ii), we get
⇒ x = 6.
Hence, the amount of each type is 6 liters and 15 liters.
Q19. Solve the following systems of equations by using the method of cross
multiplication:
6x - 5y - 16 = 0,
7x - 13y + 10 = 0

Ans: The given equations are:

6x - 5y - 16 = 0 ...(i)
7x - 13y + 10 = 0 ...(ii)
Here, a1 = 6, b1 = -5, c1 = -16, a2 = 7, b2 = -13 and c2 = 10
By cross multiplication, we have:

x ​= y 1 ​
∴ =
[(−5) × 10 − (−16) × (−13)] [(−16) × 7 − 10 × 6] [6 × (−13) − (−5) × 7]
x ​= y ​= 1 ​
⇒
(−50 − 208) (−112 − 60) (−78 + 35)
x ​= y ​= 1 ​
⇒
(−258) (−172) (−43)
−258 ​ −172 ​
⇒x= = 6, y = =4
−43 −43
Hence, x = 6 and y = 4 is the required solution.

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Q20. Solve the following systems of equations by using the method of cross
multiplication:
a​ b​
− =0
x y
ab2 ​ a2 b ​
+ = a2 + b2 , where x ​=
̸ 0 and y ​=
̸ 0
x y
Ans: Substituting 1 ​= u and 1 ​= v in the given equations, we get
x y
au - bv + 0 = 0 ...(i)
ab2u + a2bv - (a2 + b2) = 0 ...(ii)
Here, a1 = a, b1 = -b, c1 = 0, a2 = ab2, b2 = a2b and c2 = -(a2 + b2).
By cross multiplication, we have:
u ​= v ​= 1 ​
b1 ​c2 ​− b2 ​c1 ​ c1 ​a2 ​− c2 ​a1 ​ a1 ​b2 ​− a2 ​b1 ​
u ​= v ​
⇒
(−b)[−(a2 + b2 )] − (a2 b)(0) (0)(a2 b) − (−a2 − b2 )(a)
1
=
(a)(a2 b) − (ab2 )(−b)
u ​= v ​= 1 ​
⇒
b(a2 − b2 ) a(a2 + b2 ) ab(a2 + b2 )
b(a2 + b2 ) ​ a(a2 + b2 ) ​
⇒u= , v =
ab(a2 + b2 ) ab(a2 + b2 )
1​ 1​
⇒u= , v=
a b
1​ 1​ 1​ 1​
⇒ = , =
x a y b
⇒ x = a, y = b
Hence, x = a and y = b is the required solution.

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