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Lecture #14 - Module 5

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Lecture #14 - Module 5

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ynt6cfkc5n
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Module 5 (Chapter 14):

Part I: Sampling Distribution Models

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to know:

 Sampling distribution of the sample mean,

 Central limit theorem,

 Sampling distribution of the sample proportion, when sample size is


large.

We usually calculate sample mean when data are numerical data and we
usually calculate sample proportion when data are categorical data.

Given a population, every time we take a sample with a fixed number of


subjects to calculate the sample mean ( y ) or to calculate the sample
ˆ) .
proportion ( p̂ ), we get a different value for y (or p

In this class, we will discuss sampling distribution of

y = Sample mean
and
.
ˆp  Sample proportion
Note:

 The sampling distribution of a statistic is the probability distribution of


the statistic.

 The average of all the possible values for y (or pˆ ) is the mean of the
sampling distribution of y (or pˆ ) .

 The standard deviation of all the possible values for y (or pˆ ) is the
standard deviation of the sampling distribution of y (or pˆ ) .

 The standard deviation of a sampling distribution is called the standard


error.
Note:

 Suppose assumptions of independence and random samples are met.


When dealing with a quantitative variable with population mean μ and
population standard deviation σ, we can calculate the mean and the
standard error of the sampling distributions for y with a sample of
size n by:

Y  E Y    and  Y  SD(Y )  SE (Y ) 
n

Example 1: Suppose the midterm marks for all Stat 151 students (across all
sections) last year had a mean of 75% and a standard deviation of 10%.
Suppose n = 20 students are randomly selected. What are mean and standard
deviation of sample mean?
Note:

 Suppose assumptions of independence and random samples are met.


When dealing with a binary categorical variable with population
proportion p, we can calculate the mean and standard error of the
sampling distribution for p̂ with a sample of size n by:

p (1  p)
 pˆ  E  pˆ   p and  pˆ  SD( pˆ )  SE ( pˆ ) 
n

Example 2: Suppose the proportion of all students who have pets is 0.47.
Suppose n = 10 students are randomly selected. What are mean and standard
deviation of sample proportion?
Note:

 It can be shown that in a random sampling from a normal population


with mean  and standard deviation  , the sample mean has the
normal distribution with mean  and standard deviation  / n .

Example 3: The heights of students at the U of A have a normal


distribution with mean 70 inches and standard deviation 2.8 inches. If 5
students are randomly selected to make up a basketball team, what is the
probability that the height of the team will average over 72.0 inches?
Example 4: Suppose the electric bill for the month of July for a single-
family home in a city has a normal distribution with mean $63 and standard
deviation $25, respectively.

(a) What percentage of single-families will receive an electric bill greater


than $70?

(b) What percentage of all samples of 12 of single-families will have a


mean of electric bills greater than $70?
Note:

 It can be shown that in a random sampling from a normal population


with mean  and standard deviation  , the sample mean has the
normal distribution with mean  and standard deviation  / n .

 It can be shown that in a random sampling from a normal population


with mean  and standard deviation  , the sample total has the
normal distribution with mean n and standard deviation n .

Example 5: Suppose that yearly precipitation in a tropical rain forest is


normally distributed with a mean of 200 inches and a standard deviation of
50 inches. What is the probability that in a 20-year period, the total rainfall
will NOT exceed 4500 inches?

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