DISHA DELPHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

(2024-25)

Physics Lab Manual

Class XII | Minor File

Instructions to Follow:

1. Students are supposed to prepare Physics practical file in Physics practical manual of
any publication.

2. All content must be copied as it is in sequence, there should not be any type of cutting.
3. Calculations and Diagrams must be done neatly on blank page.
4. Use pen for making observation table on ruled page.
5. Use pencil for diagrams. Pasting of diagram from the given content is not allowed.
6. Use only Blue pen. You can use Black pen only for Headings.
7. Cover your files with white paper before the submission.

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 ACTIVITY 1
1. Object: To assemble household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a
fuse and a power source.
2. Apparatus: 3 bulbs, a Battery, a high resistance rheostat, D.C. ammeter, D.C. voltmeter, one
way key, variable A.C. source, A.C. ammeter, A.C. voltmeter, connecting wires.
3. Circuit Diagram:

4. Observation: The bulb glows when the switch is turn on. It stops glowing when the switch is
put off.
5. Calculation: Bulbs B1 , B2 , B3 are connected in parallel to each other & switches S1 , S2 , S3
are connected in series of bulbs respectively. Fuse is connected to the above diagram.

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 ACTIVITY 2
1. Object: To assemble the components of a given Electrical Circuit.
2. Apparatus: Battery, Key, Ammeter, rheostat, connecting wire.
3. Circuit Diagram:

4. Observation:
a. Ammeter, Battery, key, Rheostat, Resistance wires are connected in series
combination.
b. Voltmeter is connected in parallel of given resistance wire.
5. Calculation: This circuit is used for measuring an unknown resistance whose value is R=V/I
ohm.
6. Result: I assemble the components of a given electrical circuit say Ohm’s law circuit

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 ACTIVITY 3
1. Object: To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire of a steady current.
2. Apparatus: Battery, Key, Ammeter, Rheostat, Connecting wire, Potentiometer, Jockey,
Voltmeter.
3. Circuit Diagram:

4. Observation:
Range of voltmeter = 3V
Least count of voltmeter = 0.05V/div.

S.no. Length of potentiometer Voltmeter reading (V) V

wire I (cm) n x L.C. volt Ratio = x  (Vcm1 )
l
1. 50 1x0.05=0.05 0.001
2. 150 3x0.05=0.15 0.001
5. Calculation: (ON BLANK PAGE)
a. For first observation:
𝑉 0.05𝑉
𝑙 = 50 cm, 𝑉 = 0.05 Volt, 𝑥 = 𝑙
= 50 𝑐𝑚 = 0.001 𝑉𝑐𝑚−1
b. For second observation:
𝑉 0.15𝑉
𝑙 = 150 cm, 𝑉 = 0.15 Volt, 𝑥 = = = 0.001 𝑉𝑐𝑚−1
𝑙 150 𝑐𝑚
V
6. Result: The ratio is constant. This quantity is called potential gradient of the wire.
l

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 ACTIVITY 4
1. Object: To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery,
resistor/Rheostat, Key, Ammeter and Voltmeter. Mark the components that are not
connected in proper order and draw correct circuit diagram.
2. Apparatus: A battery, resistor/Rheostat, Key, Ammeter and Voltmeter.
3. Circuit Diagram:

4. Observation:
Components which are not connected in proper order-
1) Ammeter: It should be connected in series, with battery eliminator.
2) Voltmeter: It should be connected in parallel to the resistor.
5.
6.

7. Result: Correct circuit diagram of given circuit as follows:

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 ACTIVITY 5
1. Object: To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from mixed collection of such
items.
2. Apparatus: A diode, an LED, a resistor, Capacitor, Multimeter.
3. Circuit Diagram:

4. Observation:

Table 01:
Sr. No. No. of legs Device
1. Two Capacitor, diode, LED or resistor

S.No. Current flow Device

1. Unidirectional emits no light Diode
2. Unidirectional emits light LED
3. Both directions (Steady) Resistor
4. Initially high but decays to zero Capacitor

Result: I identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.

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 ACTIVITY 6
1. Object: Use of mutimeter:
a. See the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and LED.
b. Check whether a given electronic component (e.g. diode, transistor or IC) is in
working order.
2. Apparatus: A multimeter, an IC (integrated circuit 7408 or 7432 each with 14 legs), a diode
and an LED.
3. Circuit diagram:

4. Observations & Calculation:

a. See the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and led

(+ve) positive (-ve) negative lead Conduction Conclusion

lead
Diode (-ve) leg (+ve) leg No Diode allows
(+ve) leg (-ve) leg Yes the flow of
current in one
direction only.
LED (-ve) leg (+ve) leg No LED allows the
(+ve) leg (-ve) leg Yes flow of current
only when it is
forward biased
as well as emits
light.
5. Result: I identify diode and an LED, checked given electronic component (e.g. diode, LED) in
working order and see the unidirectional flow of current in case of diode and LED.

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 ACTIVITY 7
1. Object: To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on
glass slab.
2. Apparatus: Glass slab, Thumb pins, Al pins, White Sheet, Protector.
3. Observation:
S.No. Distance between refracting planes Lateral displacement d/t (unitless)
t(cm) d(cm)
1. 5.1 1.3 0.25
2. 2.0 0.50 0.25
4. Calculation:
a. For first observation:
t = 5.1cm, d = 1.3cm,  d/t = 0.25 unitless
b. For second observation:
t = 2.0cm, d = 0.50cm,  d/t = 0.25 unitless

5. Result:
a. Angle of incidence (i) = Angle of emergence (e).
b. The lateral displacement increases with the increase in thickness of the slab. The
lateral displacement increases with the angle of incidence (i).

c.

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