Chemistry: The Central Science, 13e (Brown et al.

)
Chapter 22 Chemistry of the Nonmetals

22.1 Multiple-Choice

1) How many oxygen atoms are bonded to each silicon atom in SiO2?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) none
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.1
LO: 22.1
GO: G2

2) Of the atoms below, ________ is the most effective in forming π bonds.

A) C
B) P
C) N
D) Si
E) Ge
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.1
LO: 22.1
GO: G2

3) Which one of the following is false concerning tritium?

A) It is radioactive, emitting alpha particles with a half-life of 12.3 yr.
B) It can be produced by neutron bombardment of lithium-6.
C) It is formed continuously in the upper atmosphere.
D) It has the same chemical properties as protium but reacts more slowly.
E) The atomic number of tritium is 1.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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4) What method is used to produce the most hydrogen gas in the United States?
A) electrolysis of water
B) reaction of zinc with acid
C) reaction of methane with steam
D) reaction of coke (carbon) with steam
E) reaction of metallic sodium with water
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

5) Water gas is ________.

A) H2O and H2
B) CO2 and O2
C) H2O and CO2
D) H2O and CO
E) H2 and CO
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

6) What is the primary commercial use of hydrogen in the United States?

A) as a rocket fuel, especially on the space shuttle
B) hydrogenation of vegetable oils
C) manufacture of methanol
D) manufacture of ammonia by the Haber process
E) as an automobile fuel
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

7) Isotopes of hydrogen ________.

A) have the same atomic number and different mass numbers
B) have the same atomic number and the same mass number
C) have different atomic numbers and different mass numbers
D) have different atomic numbers and the same mass number
E) are exactly alike
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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8) Which of the following would produce a basic solution?
A) CO and CO2
B) Na2O and MgO
C) Na2O, MgO, and BeH2
D) BeH2 only
E) CO, CO2, and BeH2
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

9) Which of the following would produce an acidic solution?

A) Na2O and MgO
B) Na2O, MgO, and BeH2
C) CO2 only
D) BeH2 only
E) CO, CO2, and BeH2
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

10) How are the oxygen-containing compounds of xenon made?

A) by direct combination of the elements
B) by reaction of xenon with peroxide
C) by thermal decomposition of the xenon hydroxide
D) by reaction of the corresponding xenon fluoride with water
E) Xenon is inert and does not form compounds with oxygen.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

11) Of the following compounds, which is the most stable?

A) XeF6
B) XeOF4
C) XeO3
D) XeO2F2
E) XeF2
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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12) Consider the following xenon compounds:

(i) XeF2 (ii) XeF4 (iii) XeO4 (iv) XeOF4 (v) XeO3

Which of the compounds is(are) polar?

A) (i) only
B) (ii) and (iii)
C) (iv) only
D) (iii) and (iv)
E) (iv) and (v)
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

13) The heavier noble gases are more reactive than the lighter ones because ________.
A) the lighter noble gases exist as diatomic molecules.
B) the lighter noble gases have complete octets.
C) the heavier noble gases are more abundant.
D) the heavier noble gases have low ionization energies relative to the lighter ones.
E) the heavier noble gases have greater electron affinities.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

14) Which noble gas is known to form a variety of binary compounds?

A) Xe
B) He
C) Ne
D) Ar
E) Kr
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

15) Interhalogen compounds ________.

A) are exceedingly reactive
B) contain halogens in both positive and negative oxidation states
C) are powerful oxidizing agents
D) that contain fluorine are very active fluorinating agents
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

16) Which elemental halogen(s) can be used to prepare I2 from NaI?

A) F2 only
B) Cl2 only
C) Br2 only
D) both Cl2 and Br2, but not F2
E) F2, Cl2, and Br2

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Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

17) Which halogen is the most easily oxidized?

A) F
B) Cl
C) Br
D) I
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

18) Which equation correctly represents the reaction between silica and hydrofluoric acid?
A) SiCl4 + 4HF → SiF4 + 4HCl
B) SiO2 + 6HF → H2SiF6 + 2H2O
C) SiCl2 + 2HF → SiF2 + 2HCl
D) SiH4 + 4HF → SiF4 + 4H2
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

19) The interhalogen compound ICl3 can form but BrCl3 cannot form. This is because
________.
A) iodine is large enough to accommodate three chlorine atoms around itself
B) bromine is not electronegative enough to react with chlorine
C) bromine is too electronegative to react with chlorine
D) iodine can have a positive oxidation state but bromine cannot
E) iodine can have a negative oxidation state but bromine cannot
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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20) Chlorine can have a positive oxidation state ________.
A) if it combines with bromine or iodine
B) if it combines with oxygen or fluorine
C) if it combines with hydrogen
D) if it combines with an alkali metal
E) in its elemental form
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

21) The oxidation state of fluorine in its compounds is ________.

A) positive unless it combines with another halogen
B) negative unless it combines with another halogen
C) negative unless it combines with oxygen
D) negative unless it combines with an active metal
E) always negative
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

22) The most stable allotrope of oxygen is ________.

A) H2O
B) O3
C) O2
D) HClO
E) O
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

23) Which of the following react with oxygen to form superoxides?

A) Ca
B) Na
C) K
D) Sr
E) Ba
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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24) Nearly all commercial oxygen is obtained ________.
A) from air
B) by electrolysis of water
C) by thermal decomposition of potassium chlorate
D) by thermal cracking of petroleum
E) as a byproduct of the preparation of aluminum in the Hall process
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

25) Which of the following statements is false?

A) Ozone is a better reducing agent than O2 (g).
B) Ozone is produced by passing electricity through dry O2 (g).
C) Ozone oxidizes all of the common metals except gold and platinum.
D) Ozone decomposes to O2 and O.
E) Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

26) A disproportionation reaction is one in which ________.

A) a single element is both oxidized and reduced
B) a compound is separated into its constituent elements
C) the ratio of combination of two elements in a compound changes
D) aqueous ions combine to form an insoluble salt
E) an insoluble salt separates into ions
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

27) The oxidation state of oxygen in OF2 is ________.

A) +1
B) +2
C) 0
D) -1
E) -2
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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28) Metal oxides are typically ________ while nonmetal oxides are typically ________.
A) basic, amphoteric
B) basic, acidic
C) amphoteric, basic
D) acidic, basic
E) amphoteric, acidic
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

29) Amphoteric oxides are also known as ________.

A) basic oxides
B) basic anhydrides
C) acidic oxides
D) acidic anhydrides
E) none of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

30) Which element in group 6A is not found as the central atom in compounds with an
expanded valence shell?
A) oxygen
B) selenium
C) tellurium
D) polonium
E) sulfur
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

31) Which group 6A element is not commonly found in a positive oxidation state?
A) sulfur
B) selenium
C) oxygen
D) tellurium
E) polonium
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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32) What sulfur compound is used to sterilize wine?
A) H2SO4
B) H2S
C) Na2SO3
D) SO2
E) Na2S
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

33) What is the major commercial source of elemental sulfur?

A) sulfide minerals
B) sulfate minerals
C) underground deposits of elemental sulfur
D) seawater
E) coal and petroleum
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

34) Which form of elemental sulfur is the most stable at room temperature?
A) rhombic sulfur
B) monoclinic
C) hexagonal
D) triclinic
E) tetraclinic
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

35) The prefix thio- denotes

A) replacement of an oxygen atom by a sulfur atom.
B) a sulfur—sulfur double bond.
C) sulfur in a negative oxidation state.
D) a sulfur—oxygen double bond.
E) an allotropic form of sulfur.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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36) The oxidation numbers of sulfur in the sulfate ion, sulfite ion, sulfur trioxide, and
hydrogen sulfide are ________, ________, ________, and ________, respectively.
A) +4, -2, +4, +6
B) +6, +2, +4, +6
C) +6, +4, +6, -2
D) +4, +6, +4, -2
E) -2, +6, -2, 0
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

37) Which one of the following is sodium thiosulfate?

A) Na2SO4
B) Na2SO3
C) Na2S2O3
D) Na2S4O6
E) Na2S
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

38) Which one of the following is false concerning pure hydrazine?

A) It is an oily, colorless liquid.
B) It can be made by reaction of hypochlorite and ammonia.
C) It is used as a rocket fuel.
D) Hydrazine is quite poisonous.
E) It is a clear, red liquid that is highly viscous.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

39) The careful, thermal decomposition of solid ammonium nitrate will yield ________.
A) N2O
B) NO
C) NO2
D) N2O3
E) N2O5
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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40) The oxidation number of N in HNO3 is ________.
A) +1
B) +2
C) +3
D) +4
E) +5
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

41) The oxidation number of N in HNO2 is ________.

A) +1
B) +2
C) +3
D) +4
E) +5
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

42) The oxidation number of As in H2AsO3- is ________.

A) +1
B) +2
C) +3
D) +4
E) +5
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

43) Which of the following equations correctly represents the combustion of hydrazine?
A) N2H4 (l) + O2 (g) → NH3 (g) + HNO2 (g)
B) N2H4 (l) + 2O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g) + 2H2 (g)
C) N2H4 (l) + O2 (g) → 2H2NO (g)
D) N2H4 (l) + O2 (g) → N2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)
E) N2H4 (l) + O2 (g) → N2 (g) + 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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44) The oxidation numbers of nitrogen in the nitride ion, hydrazine, ammonium cation, and
nitrate ion are ________, ________, ________, and ________, respectively.
A) -3, -2, -3, +5
B) +3, -2, -3, +5
C) +3, -2, +1, +3
D) -3, +2, +1, +5
E) -3, +2, -3, +3
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

45) Which equation correctly represents what happens when N dissolves in water?
A) NO2 (g) + H2O (l) → 2H+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)
B) 3NO2 (g) + H2O (l) → 2H+ (aq) + 2NO3- (aq) + NO (g)
C) NO2 (g) + H2O (l) → H2O2 (aq) + NO (g)
D) 2NO2 (g) + H2O (l) → 2H+ (aq) + NO42- (aq) + NO (g)
E) 2NO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) → 2HNO2 (aq) + O2 (g) + H2 (g)
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

46) The reaction between nitrogen dioxide and water is a ________.

A) decomposition
B) combustion
C) disproportionation
D) neutralization
E) replacement
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

47) Of the following substances, ________ is both a very strong acid and a powerful oxidizing
agent.
A) HNO3
B) H2SO4
C) HCl
D) H3PO4
E) HF
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

48) In the reaction of phosphorus with chlorine to form a phosphorus chloride, whether
PCl3 or PCl5 forms depends on ________.
A) which allotropic form of phosphorus is used
B) the amount of chlorine present
C) whether the reaction is carried out in the gas phase or in solution
D) whether the chlorine used is molecular or atomic
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E) the amount of moisture present
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.8
GO: G2

49) What are the products of the reaction of PF3 (g) and water?
A) phosphorous acid and hydrofluoric acid
B) elemental phosphorus and hydrofluoric acid
C) phosphoric acid and fluorine gas
D) elemental phosphorus and fluorine gas
E) phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.8
GO: G2

50) What are the products of the reaction of PCl5 (g) and water?
A) phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid
B) elemental phosphorus and hydrochloric acid
C) phosphoric acid and chlorine gas
D) elemental phosphorus and chlorine gas
E) phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.8
GO: G2

51) Which one of the following is false concerning buckminsterfullerene?

A) It is the most recently discovered crystalline allotrope of carbon.
B) It consists of individual molecules like C60 and C70.
C) It is a molecular form of carbon.
D) It is made up of Cl2 molecules.
E) It is made up of molecules that resemble soccer balls.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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52) Of the following, which is most likely to form interstitial carbides?
A) active metals
B) transition metals
C) boron and silicon
D) alkaline earth metals
E) alkali metals
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

53) Which of the following would produce the most strongly acidic aqueous solution?
A) HCO3-
B) CO
C) CO2
D) CO32-
E) CaCO3
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

54) How many pairs of unpaired electrons are there in one molecule of carbon monoxide?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) 4
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

55) Which of the following is not an allotropic form of carbon?

A) graphite
B) diamond
C) carbide
D) buckminsterfullerene
E) All of the above are allotropic forms of carbon.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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56) A carbonyl compound contains ________.
A) a carbon-oxygen double bond
B) a carbon-oxygen triple bond
C) a carbon atom with a lone pair of electrons
D) a carbon-carbon triple bond
E) a carbon-carbon double bond
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

57) Carbon dioxide is produced ________.

A) in blast furnaces when metal oxides are reduced with CO
B) by combustion of carbon-containing substances in an excess of oxygen
C) when carbonates are heated
D) by fermentation of sugar during the production of ethanol
E) by all of the above processes
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

58) Which of the following would produce the most strongly basic aqueous solution?
A) CO
B) CO32-
C) CO2
D) HCO3-
E) NaHCO3
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

59) Which equation correctly represents the reaction between carbon dioxide and water?
A) CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) → H2CO3 (aq)
B) CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) → H2 (g) + CO (g) + O2 (g)
C) CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) → H2O2 (aq) + CO (g)
D) CO2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) → CH4 (g) + 2O2 (aq)
E) CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) → H2CO (aq) + O2 (g)
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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60) What is the function of the carbon fibers in a composite?
A) to provide a structure to help the epoxy resin solidify in the desired shape
B) to transmit loads evenly in all directions
C) to provide resistance to oxidation
D) to provide ultraviolet protection
E) to "spread out" the epoxy so that it remains more flexible
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

61) The arrangement of oxygen atoms around a silicon atom in SiO44- is ________.
A) square planar
B) octahedral
C) linear
D) tetrahedral
E) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.10
GO: G2

62) Addition of B2O3 to soda-lime glass ________.

A) imparts a greater ability to withstand temperature change
B) imparts a deep blue color
C) results in a denser glass with a higher refractive index
D) results in a glass with a lower melting point
E) results in opaque glass
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.10
GO: G2

63) Replacement of CaO by PbO in soda-lime glass results in ________.

A) denser glass with a higher refractive index
B) glass with a deep blue color
C) opaque glass
D) a softer glass with a lower melting point
E) a harder glass with a higher melting point
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.10
GO: G2

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64) Soda-lime glass contains ________.
A) SiO2 and aluminum
B) SiO2, CaO, and Na2O
C) SiO2, CO2, and citric acid
D) SiO2, CO2, Na2O
E) pure SiO2
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.10
GO: G2

65) Additives can be used in soda-lime glass to alter its ________.

A) ability to withstand temperature change
B) color
C) hardness
D) melting point
E) any of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.10
GO: G2

66) Silicones are ________.

A) chains of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms with attached organic groups
B) three-dimensional covalent networks of SiO4 tetrahedra
C) three-dimensional covalent networks of silicon atoms
D) flat sheets of silicon atoms
E) flat sheets of silicon and hydrogen atoms
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.10
GO: G2

67) Silicones can be oils or rubber-like materials depending on ________.

A) the silicon-to-oxygen ratio
B) the length of the chain and degree of cross-linking
C) the percentage of carbon in the chain
D) the percentage of sulfur in the chain
E) the oxidation state of silicon in the chain
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.10
GO: G2

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68) Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, is a strong reducing agent because ________.
A) Na+ is easily reduced to Na (s)
B) boron easily changes its oxidation number from +3 to -3
C) boron is readily oxidized from -3 oxidation state to +3
D) hydrogen can be easily oxidized from -1 oxidation state to +1
E) hydrogen is easily reduced from +1 oxidation state to 0
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

69) The primary commercial use of nitric acid is ________.

A) in the manufacture of plastics
B) in the manufacture of explosives
C) in pool water maintenance
D) in the manufacture of fertilizers
E) in the manufacture of anti-depressant drugs
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

70) Which one of the following is true concerning borax?

A) It is the hydrated sodium salt of tetraboric acid.
B) It is found in dry lake deposits in California.
C) Its aqueous solutions are alkaline.
D) It is commonly used in cleaning products.
E) All of the above are true.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

71) A borane is a ________.

A) compound containing only boron and oxygen
B) compound containing only boron and aluminum
C) compound containing only boron and hydrogen
D) compound containing only boron and carbon
E) three-dimensional covalent network of boron atoms
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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72) Which of the following equations correctly represents the reaction of B2H6 with
oxygen?
A) B2H6 (g) + 3O2 (g) → B2O3 (s) + 3H2O (g)
B) B2H6 (g) + O2 (g) → B2O2 (s) + 3H2 (g)
C) B2H6 (g) + 2O2 (g) → B2H2 (s) + 2H2O2 (aq)
D) B2H6 (g) + 2O2 (g) → B2O2 (s) + 3H2 + O2 (g)
E) B2H6 (g) + O2 (g) → H2B2O2 (s) + 2H2 (g)
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

73) Boron can violate the octet rule in its compounds in that ________.
A) it can have an expanded octet
B) it can exist in a molecule with an odd number of electrons
C) its compounds are all ionic
D) it can have fewer than eight valence electrons
E) Boron cannot violate the octet rule.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

74) B2O3 is the anhydride of ________.

A) borous acid
B) diborane
C) tetraboric acid
D) boric acid
E) borax
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

75) Boric acid condenses to form tetraboric acid according to the equation ________.
A) 4H3BO3 (s) → 2H2B2O7 (s) + 3H2O (g)
B) 2H3BO3 (s) → HB2O2 (s) + 4H2O (g)
C) 4H3BO3 (s) → HB4O8 (s) + 4H2O (g)
D) 2H3BO3 (s) → H2B4O7 (s) + 3H2O (g)
E) 4H3BO3 (s) → H2B4O7 (s) + 5H2O (g)
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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22.2 Bimodal Questions

1) The most common isotope of hydrogen is sometimes referred to as ________.

A) deuterium
B) protium
C) tritium
D) heavy hydrogen
E) common hydrogen
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

2) In metallic hydrides, the oxidation number of hydrogen is considered to be ________.

A) -2
B) -1
C) 0
D) +1
E) +2
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

3) Hydrogen can form hydride ions. Elements in group ________ typically form ions with the
same charge as the hydride ion.
A) 1A
B) 2A
C) 6A
D) 7A
E) 3A
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

4) Hydrogen can combine with ________ to form a metallic hydride.

A) an element from group 5A
B) an element from group 7A
C) an element from group 8A
D) an element from group 1A
E) an element from group 6A
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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5) Hydrogen can have oxidation states of ________.
A) +1 only
B) -1, 0, and +1
C) 0 and +1 only
D) -1 and +1 only
E) 0 only
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

6) ________ has the lowest boiling point of any substance known.

A) Ne
B) He
C) Ar
D) Kr
E) Rn
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

7) The electron-pair geometry and molecular geometry of XeF2 are ________ and ________,
respectively.
A) trigonal bipyramidal; bent
B) trigonal bipyramidal; linear
C) trigonal bipyramidal; bent
D) octahedral; linear
E) octahedral; bent
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

8) Hybridization of Xe in XeF4 is ________ and in XeF2 is ________.

A) sp3d2, sp3d2
B) sp3d, sp3d2
C) sp3d2, sp3d
D) sp3, sp3d
E) sp3, sp3d2
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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9) The number of electrons in the valence shell of Xe in XeF6 is ________
A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 6
E) 8
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

10) What is the oxidation state of xenon in XeO2F2?

A) 0
B) +4
C) +8
D) +2
E) +6
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

11) What is the oxidation state of xenon in XeO4?

A) +8
B) +6
C) +4
D) +2
E) 0
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

12) Br2 can be prepared by combining NaBr with ________.

A) Cl2
B) HBr
C) HCl
D) NaCl
E) I2
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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13) The active ingredient in many liquid bleaches is ________.
A) NaCl
B) NaClO
C) NaClO2
D) NaClO3
E) NaClO4
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

14) Which halogen can react with fluorine to form the compound XF7?
A) bromine
B) fluorine
C) chlorine
D) iodine
E) astatine
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

15) Which halogen forms an oxyacid with the formula HXO2?

A) bromine
B) fluorine
C) chlorine
D) iodine
E) astatine
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

16) The primary commercial use of oxygen is ________.

A) for the treatment of respiratory distress
B) in oxyacetylene welding
C) as a household bleach
D) as an oxidizing agent
E) to charge oxygen-containing cylinders used by deep-sea divers
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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17) Only the most active metals react with oxygen to form ________.
A) oxides
B) superoxides
C) peroxides
D) ozonides
E) water
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

18) The dissolution of 1.0 mol of ________ to 1.0 L of water at 25 °C would yield the most
acidic solution.
A) SO3
B) CO2
C) CO
D) MgO
E) CaO
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

19) The nitride ion is a strong Br∅nsted-Lowry base. Mg3N2 reacts with water to produce
________.
A) N2
B) N2O
C) NO
D) NO2
E) NH3
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

20) The primary commercial use of elemental nitrogen is in the manufacture of ________.
A) plastics
B) explosives
C) nitrogen-containing fertilizers
D) rubber
E) chlorine bleach
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
21) What is the coefficient of NO2 when the following disproportionation reaction is
balanced?

NO2 (g) + H2O (l) → H+ (aq) + NO3- (aq) + NO (g)

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
E) 4
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

22) The Haber process is used to make ________ from ________.

A) HNO3, N2
B) O2, KClO3
C) NH3, N2
D) NO2, O2
E) NO, N2
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

23) Most mined phosphate rock is ________.

A) used as a strong acid
B) used as a reducing agent
C) used as a detergent
D) converted to fertilizer
E) discarded as a by-product
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.8
GO: G2

24) The white allotropic form of ________ bursts into flame when exposed to air.
A) phosphorus
B) carbon
C) sulfur
D) selenium
E) oxygen
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.8
GO: G2

25) The two allotropic forms of phosphorus are ________ and ________.
A) black, red
B) white, black
C) white, yellow
D) white, red
E) black, yellow
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Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.8
GO: G2

26) The principal combustion products of compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in
the presence of excess O2 are ________.
A) CO2 and H2O
B) CO2 and H2O2
C) CO2 and H
D) C(graphite) and H2
E) CO2 and H2
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

27) ________ is formed when wood is heated strongly in the absence of air.
A) Buckminsterfullerene
B) Carbon black
C) Sulfur dioxide
D) Coke
E) Charcoal
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

28) To produce carbon black, ________.

A) diamond is exposed to extremely high pressures and temperatures
B) wood is strongly heated in the absence of oxygen
C) coal is strongly heated in the absence of oxygen
D) hydrocarbons such as methane are heated in a very limited supply of oxygen
E) graphite is cooled to -273 °C
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

26
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29) Although CaCO3 is essentially insoluble in pure water, it dissolves slowly in acidic
ground water due to formation of ________.
A) insoluble Ca(OH)2
B) soluble Ca(OH)2
C) insoluble Ca(HCO3)2
D) soluble Ca(HCO3)2
E) soluble CaO
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

30) The compound whose formula is CaC2 is ________.

A) calcium carbide
B) carborundum
C) carbon calcide
D) calcium dicarbon
E) limestone
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

31) An example of a form of pure carbon that contains only sp3 hybridized carbon atoms is
________.
A) diamond
B) charcoal
C) graphite
D) carbon black
E) carborundum
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

32) What is the oxidation state of carbon in the carbonate ion?

A) +4
B) +2
C) 0
D) -2
E) -4
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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33) The correct name of H2CO3 is ________.
A) hydrogen carbide
B) hydrogen carbonate ion
C) carbonate ion
D) carbonic acid
E) carboxylic acid
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

34) The most common oxidation state of silicon is ________.

A) -4
B) +2
C) +6
D) -2
E) +4
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

35) Pyrex® glass is formed by adding an oxide of ________ to soda-lime glass.

A) lead
B) cobalt
C) boron
D) silver
E) phosphorous
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

36) SiO44- is the ________ ion.

A) orthosilicate ion
B) silicide ion
C) thiosilicate ion
D) silicon tetroxide ion
E) siliconate ion
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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37) The oxidation state of silicon in SiO44- is ________.
A) 0
B) +6
C) +2
D) +4
E) -4
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

38) The disilicate ion is ________.

A) Si2O88-
B) Si2O76-
C) Si2O84-
D) Si2O86-
E) Si2O72-
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

39) Glass is ________ whereas quartz is ________.

A) hard, soft
B) crystalline, amorphous
C) amorphous, crystalline
D) pure SiO2, a mixture of SiO2 and carbonates
E) breakable, not breakable
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

40) What is the formula of borax?

A) H3BO3
B) H2B4O7
C) P5O8
D) B2O3
E) Na2B4O7 ∙ 10H2O
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

41) Which group 3A element is a metalloid?

A) B
B) Al
C) Ga
D) In
E) Tl
Answer: A
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Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

42) Tetraboric acid, H2B4O7, is prepared by heating boric acid, H3BO3 (a condensation
reaction involving water loss). If 400.0 mmol H3BO3 are used, what mass (g) of H2O is
formed, assuming quantitative stoichiometric conversion?
A) 5.77
B) 0.500
C) 0.320
D) 7.21
E) 9.01
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

43) Diborane is ________.

A) B10H14
B) B2O3
C) BH3
D) B2H6
E) H3BO3
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

44) Boric oxide is ________.

A) B2O
B) BO2
C) BO
D) B2O3
E) B2O4
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

45) The correct name for the BH4- ion is ________.

A) borate
B) boride
C) borohydride
D) borite
E) hydroboride
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

22.3 Algorithmic Questions

30
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1) Of the following, the most nonmetallic element is ________.
A) Cl
B) S
C) P
D) Br
E) Se
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 22.1
LO: 22.1
GO: G2

2) The least electronegative of the elements below is ________.

A) Se
B) S
C) F
D) Cl
E) Br
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 22.1
LO: 22.1
GO: G2

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3) In the following chemical equation

PCl3 + 3H2O →

the products (when the equation is balanced) are ________.

A) H3PO3 + 3HCl
B) P(OH)3 + 3HCl
C) H(ClO)3 + PH3
D) HPCl2 + Cl(OH)3
E) PO3 + 3HCl
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 6 Page Ref: Sec. 22.1
LO: 22.1
GO: G2

4) Which of the following is a molecular hydride?

A) H2O
B) CsH
C) MgH2
D) TiH2
E) LiOH
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

5) Which of the following is an ionic hydride?

A) CaH2
B) C2H4
C) HCl
D) NH3
E) CsOH
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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6) Which compound would produce an acidic aqueous solution?
A) HF
B) MgH2
C) C2H2
D) KH
E) H2
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

7) The oxidation state of sulfur in the SO3 molecule is ________.

A) +6
B) +2
C) -2
D) +4
E) 0
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 20.2
GO: G2

8) The oxidation state of phosphorous in the PF5 molecule is ________.

A) +5
B) +4
C) -5
D) +6
E) 0
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 20.2
GO: G2

9) The oxidation state of chlorine in the ClO- molecule is ________.

A) +1
B) +3
C) +4
D) +5
E) -1
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 6 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 20.2
GO: G2

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10) Which one of the following compounds is superoxide?
A) NaO2
B) Na2O
C) Na2O2
D) NaOH
E) H2O
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

11) Which compound would produce a basic aqueous solution?

A) KH
B) H2S
C) C2H6
D) CH3OH
E) H2O
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 50+ Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

12) What is the F—Xe—F bond angle in XeF2?

A) 180°
B) 90°
C) 109.5°
D) 120°
E) 60°
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

13) The oxidation number of xenon in XeF4 is ________.

A) +4
B) +3
C) +5
D) +1
E) -6
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 6 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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14) Which equation correctly represents the reaction between elemental chlorine and
sodium iodide?
A) Cl + NaI → I + NaCl
B) Cl- + NaI → I- + NaCl
C) Cl2 + 2NaI → I2 + 2NaCl
D) Cl + NaI → 1/2 I2 + NaCl
E) Cl2 + NaI → NaCl2 + I-
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 3 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

15) Which one of the following compounds is peroxide?

A) Li2O2
B) Li2O
C) LiO2
D) both Li2O2 and LiO2
E) H2O
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 4 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

16) The oxidation state of oxygen in O2F2 is ________.

A) +1
B) -1
C) +2
D) 0
E) -2
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 7 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

17) The molecular shape of the SF2 molecule is ________.

A) bent
B) tetrahedral
C) linear
D) trigonal planar
E) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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18) The oxidation state of nitrogen in the NO2 molecule is ________.
A) +4
B) +3
C) +5
D) +2
E) -3
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 6 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

19) The oxidation state of As in the As2O3 molecule is ________.

A) 3
B) 2
C) 4
D) -3
E) 0
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

20) The oxidation number of B in B2O3 is ________.

A) +3
B) +2
C) +1
D) +4
E) +5
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 7 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

21) Which of the following is the nitride ion?

A) N3-
B) N3-
C) NO3-
D) N-
E) NO2-
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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22) Which pair of formula/name is incorrect?
A) NO2 / dinitrogen oxide
B) N2O / nitrous oxide
C) NO / nitric oxide
D) N2O4 / dinitrogen tetroxide
E) N2O5 / dinitrogen pentoxide
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

23) The molecular shape of the PF3 molecule is ________.

A) trigonal pyramidal
B) trigonal bipyramidal
C) see-saw
D) T-shaped
E) octahedral
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 5 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.8
GO: G2

24) How many pairs of unpaired electrons are there in one molecule of dinitrogen
monoxide?
A) 4
B) 3
C) 5
D) 2
E) 1
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 6 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

22.4 Short Answer

1) What are the five crystalline allotropes of carbon?

Answer: graphene, carbon nanotubes, diamond, graphite, and buckminsterfullerene
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.1
LO: 20.1
GO: G2

2) Of Li, K, P and Ne which is the least electronegative?

Answer: K; potassium
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.1
LO: 20.1
GO: G2

3) In a proton transfer reaction the weaker a Br∅nsted-Lowry acid the ________ is its
conjugate.
Answer: stronger
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.1
LO: 20.1
GO: G2

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4) D2O is known as ________.
Answer: heavy water
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

5) H2 is reacted with ________ to produce methanol.

Answer: CO; carbon monoxide
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

6) What noble gas is radioactive?

Answer: radon
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

7) Of the nonradioactive halogens, which is the largest?

Answer: iodine
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

8) What halogen, other than astatine, is not usually found in seawater?

Answer: fluorine
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

9) In a hypohalous acid, the oxidation state of the halogen is ________.

Answer: +1
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

10) Write the correctly balanced equation for the reaction between elemental fluorine and
sodium iodide.
Answer: F2 + 2 NaI → I2 + 2 NaF
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

11) Write the correctly balanced equation for the reaction between elemental iodine and
sodium bromide.
Answer: I2 + NaBr → no reaction
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

12) The acid and salts of which halogen-oxyanion are the most stable?
Answer: perchlorate
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
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GO: G2

13) What anion containing Cl is used as a rocket fuel?

Answer: perchlorate
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

14) Astatine decays by ________.

Answer: electron capture
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

15) What is the oxidation state of oxygen in the superoxide ion?

Answer: - 1/2
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

16) In a discussion of oxygen compounds, a disproportionation reaction is ________.

Answer: a reaction in which oxygen is simultaneously oxidized and reduced
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

17) What process replenishes O2?

Answer: photosynthesis
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

18) I am a highly polar, strongly hydrogen-bonded liquid with a density of 1.47 g/cm3. I can
decompose to form O2. Who am I?
Answer: hydrogen peroxide
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

19) If a metal forms more than one oxide, the acidic character of the oxide increases as the
oxidation state of the metal ________.
Answer: increases
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

20) What sulfur gas is used to sterilize wine?

Answer: SO2
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

21) The electrical conductivity of ________ is low in the dark, but increases on exposure to
light.
Answer: selenium

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Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.6
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

22) The danger from mixing ammonia with bleach is the production of ________.
Answer: chloramine; NH2Cl
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

23) KNO3 and NaNO3 are also known as ________.

Answer: saltpeter
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

24) What is the primary commercial source of elemental nitrogen?

Answer: fractional distillation of liquid air
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

25) What group 5A element is the most metallic?

Answer: bismuth
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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26) Low levels of arsenic consumption can lead to ________ or bladder cancer.
Answer: lung
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.8
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

27) Why does calcium carbonate dissolve in water containing carbon dioxide?
Answer: because the dissolved carbon dioxide makes the water slightly acidic
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

28) The balanced equation for the production of ethylene from calcium carbide is ________.
Answer: CaC2 + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
Diff: 4 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

29) What is an acetylide?

Answer: a carbide containing the C22- ion
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

30) What is meant by the term "composite"?

Answer: a combination of two or more materials
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

31) What are the principal components used in making soda-lime glass?
Answer: calcium oxide, sodium oxide, and silicon dioxide
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

32) What effect does substitution of K2O for Na2O in making soda-lime glass have in its
properties?
Answer: increases hardness and melting point
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

33) Chains of silicate tetrahedra are called ________.

Answer: asbestos
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

34) Compounds containing only boron and hydrogen are called ________.
Answer: boranes
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.11
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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22.5 True/False Questions

1) Air containing 4% H2 can be explosive.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

2) The reduction of O2 by sodium hydride produces lye.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.2
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

3) Xenon can have oxidation states of 2, 4, 6, and 8.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

4) The instability of xenon fluorides is due to its negative enthalpy of formation.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.3
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

5) Ozone is a pale blue poisonous gas with an irritating odor.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

6) All oxides are ionic compounds.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

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7) Oxides can react with water to form acids or bases.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.5
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

8) The reduction of metal oxides uses carbon monoxide.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

9) Calcium carbide is a solid source of acetylene.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G2

22.6 Essay Questions

1) Explain why silicon does not form any allotropes with structures analogous to that of
graphite or buckminsterfullerenes, even though it is in the same group as carbon.
Answer: Silicon is large enough to prevent efficient sideways-overlap of p orbitals required
for π-bond formation.
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.1
LO: 22.1
GO: G8

2) Explain why hydrofluoric acid etches glass.

Answer: Hydrofluoric acid forms a soluble hexafluorosilic acid (H2SiF6), removing silicon
from glass and, consequently, destroying it.
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G8

3) Explain why HF (aq) is a relatively weak acid compared to other hydrohalic acids.
Answer:
(i) Fluorine, being the smallest of the halogens, forms a very short, and hence strong, bond
with hydrogen, making it more difficult for a proton to ionize from the fluoride anion.
(ii) Because fluorine is so much more electronegative than hydrogen, hydrogen has a large
partial positive charge, while fluorine has a large negative partial charge. Due to the fact
that there are three lone pairs of electrons on the fluorine atoms and the H-F bond is very
polar, hydrogen bonding between HF molecules is also possible, making ionization of
protons even more difficult.
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.4
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G8

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4) What are the three steps in the Ostwald process of nitric acid synthesis?
Answer: 1) oxidation of ammonia to NO and water, 2) oxidation of NO to NO2, 3) reaction
of NO2 with water.
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G8

5) Why are nitric acid solutions sometimes yellowish?

Answer: Photochemical decomposition of HNO3 produces small amounts of NO2.
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.7
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G8

6) Describe the major difference in the charge distribution in CH4 and SiH4.
Answer: Even though both C—H and Si—H bonds are polar, both CH4 and SiH4 are
nonpolar due to their tetrahedral symmetry. Because carbon is more electronegative than
hydrogen, bonding electrons are somewhat shifted towards carbon, leaving hydrogen
atoms with positive partial charges. On the other hand, silicon is somewhat less
electronegative than hydrogen and the bonding electrons are shifted towards hydrogen
atoms, which adopt slightly negative charges.
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.9, 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G8

7) Briefly explain why carbon and silicon can form oxides with such different physical
properties, gaseous CO2 and solid SiO2.
Answer: Carbon atoms are small enough to form π bonds with oxygen due to the overlap of
p orbitals, resulting in the formation of double C O bonds. Consequently, CO2 forms
individual molecules that interact with each other via weak London dispersion forces.
Silicon atoms are too large and form only single bonds with oxygen, four such bonds per
each silicon atom, with each oxygen atom bridging between two silicon atoms, resulting in
a covalent-network solid.
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 22.10
LO: 22.2 - 22.11
GO: G8

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