CH 10 CL 11

I. I. Choose the correct answer

Question During the Arab invasion in the 1.8th century, the king of
Sindh ......... He is.
a) Haja
b) Muhammad-bin-Qasim
c) Jayasimha
d) Tahir
Answer:
d) Tahir

Question 2.
Mahmud of Ghazni ........... to IndiaHe once carried out military attacks.
a) 15
b) 17
c) 18
d) 19Answer:
b) 17

Question 3.
Palam Baoli Inscription ............... It's in language.
a) Sanskrit
b) Persian
c) Arabic
d) Urdu
Answer:
a) Sanskrit

Question 4.
The world famous Khajuraho temple was built by them......
a) Rashtrakuta
b) Tomar
c) Chandela
d) Paramar
Answer:
c)Chandela

Question 5.
The name Mamluk is a ................... Arabic qualifier for .
a) Slave
b) King
c) Queen
d) Soldier
Answer:
a) Slave

Question 6.
Ibn Battuta was a .................. Country Traveller.
a) Morocco
b) Persia
c) Turkey
d) China
Answer:
a)Morocco

Question 7.
He was the only Sultan who renounced his throne and left Delhi and
lived in peace for thirty years
..........a)
Mubarak Shahb)
Alam Shahc)
Khizr Khand)
Tughril Khan
Answer:b)Alam Shah

Question 8.
Match correctly and choose the answer.1) Ramachandra – 1. Kakatiyar
2) Khan-e-Jahan 2. Padmaavat
3) Malik Mohammad Jaisi – 3. Man Singh
4) Man Mandir – 4. Devagiri
(a) 2, 1, 4, 3(b)1, 2, 3, 4(c) 4, 1, 2, 3(d) 3, 1, 2, 4Answer: (d) 3, 1, 2, 4

Additional Questions

Question 1.
The Delhi Sultanate was established ......................
a) 1200-1550
b) 1250-1550
c) 1150-1550
d) 1250-1650 Answer:
a) 1200-1550

Question 2.
The Arab invasion took place in ........................
(a) P.b. 710
b) A. A.711 c
) P.C.
b.712 d) c.
713
Answer: (A) B.712

Question 3.
Mahmud of Ghazni's invasion of Somnath took place in ....................
(a) P.b. 925
b) A.b. 1025
(c) c.b. 191
d) P.
A.1192Answer:b) P.A. b. 1025

Question 4.
The last king of the Ghaznavid dynasty ..............
a) Mamud
b) Ghori
c) Sabuktajin
d) Khurausha
Answer:
d) Khurausha

Question 5.
The historian who came to India with Mahmud of Ghazni ....................
a) Romiya Thapa
b) Aryabhatta
c) Ala-Beruni
d) Bakhtiar Khilji
Answer:
c) Al-Beruni

Question 6.
Mahmud's invasion of Multan took place in the year ..........
a) CE.
A.1025 b) A. b.1175
c) P.C.
b.1125 d) c. A.1075Answer:
b) A.B.1175

Question 7.
............... was the year of the First Ground War
(a) A.b) 1911
b) A.b. 1191
c) C.
A.1192 d) P.b. 1912 Answer:
(A) b. 1191

Question 8.
The Muslim king who lost the First Battle of Tarain .........
a) Mahmud of Ghazni
b) Muhammad of Ghori
c) Alauddin Khalji
d) Muhammad bin Thukalk
Answer:
b) Muhammad of Ghori

Question 9.
Who founded the slave dynasty ............
a) Gildwell
b) Qutbuddin Aibak
c) Basban
d) Ghaznimahuddin
Answer:
b) Qutbuddin Aibak

Question 10.
Another name for the Slave dynasty ......................
a) Tughlaq dynasty
b) Ilbari dynasty
c) Mamluk dynasty
d) Khalji dynasty
Answer:
c) Mamluk dynasty

Question 11.
The height of the Kutuppinar ...........................
a) 143
b) 243
c) 233
d) 234Answer:(b) 243

Question 12.
The Deccan general of Alauddin Khalji ..........
a) Tughril Jan
b) Malik Kafur
c) Qazi
d) Qutbuddin Aibak
Answer:
b) Malik Kafur

Question 13.
Devagiri was
named after a
) Daulatabadb
) Ahmedabad c)
Junagadhd)
Allahabad
Answer:a)Daulatabad

Question 14.
The founder of the Lodi dynasty was ....................
a)Bahayol Lodi
b)Sikandar Lodi
c)Khan Jahan Lodi
d)Ibrahim Lodi
Answer:
a)Bahayol Lodi

Question 15.
Book by Amir Khusrau..........................
a) Khidam-ul-Hind
b) Petishma
c) Nine Heavens
d) Tariq al-Hind
Answer:
c) Nine Heavens

Question 16.
Firoz Tughlaq's only major invasion was
a) Devagiri
b) Bengal
c) Sindh
d) Malwa
Answer:
c) Sindh

Question 17.
Assertion:Prithviraj was defeated in the 2nd battle of Dhanaran.
Reason: He rejected the advice of his minister Someswara.
a) Assertion and reason are true
b) Assertion and reason are false
c) Assertion is true and reason
is false d) Assertion is false Reason is true
Answer:
a) Assertion and reason are true

Question 18.
The Mamluk dynasty was .........
a) Khalji dynasty
b) Ghori dynasty
c) Slave dynasty
d) Kilbari dynasty
Answer:
c) Slave dynasty

Question 19.
He contested against Muhammad of Ghori in the First Battle of Tarain
..................
a) Prithviraj
b) Kirtivarman
c) Yashoda Varman
d) Ramachandran
Answer:
a) Prithviraj
Question 20.She was the
first woman to occupy the throne of Delhi...............
a) Rani Padmini
b) Jhansi Lakshmi Bai
c) Razia Sultana
d) Indira Gandhi
Answer:
c) Razia Sultana

Question 21.
He declared that Indian music is superior to all other music in the
world .................. (March 2019)
a) Banabhatta
b) Amritsar
c) Ashwakova
d) Tansen
Answer:
b)Amritsar

II. Draw a short mark

Question 1.
Accession of Mahmud as the ruler of Ghazni. Answer:

• Sabuktajin took steps to extend the Islamic state in India

southwards.
• He defeated the Afghan king Jayapal and installed his eldest son
Mahmud as the ruler there.
• When Sabuktaj died in 997, Mahmud VII was in Khurasan and
his younger son Ismail was named heir apparent.
• Mahmud defeated his brother Ismail and became the king of
Ghazni at the age of twenty-seven. iv) He defeated his brother
Ismail and became the king of Ghazni at the age of twenty-
seven.
Question 2.
Scholars patronized by Mahmud of Ghazni. Answer:

• When Mahmud of Ghazni came to India, he brought with him

al-Beruni, the mathematician, philosopher and astronomer.
• Alberuni wrote Hitab-i-Hind .
• Firdausi, a Persian poet, composed Shahnama.
• and historian Utpi. Great educationists like Ansari and Baigahi
were patronized by him.

Question 3.
Rajput dynasties who ruled in northern India during the Turkish
invasion. Answer:

• Several Rajput kings ruled in northern India during the Turkish

invasion.
• The important Rajput kingdoms were the Chauhan, Kadawala,
Paramars and Chandelas.
• This is Vigraharaj. People like Prithviraj were excellent.
• Bhoja in the Paramar dynasty, Jayachandra in Kadavala and
Yasovarman and Kirtivarman among the Chandelas.

Question 4.
Forty Organization. Answer:

• The Forty of the Slave Dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate was second
only to the king in the administration.
• They helped the Sultans in expanding the kingdom and
suppressing the Hindu revolutionaries.
• The Giltutmish Group of the Forty has been given key positions
in the military and administration.
• They had the power to decide when there was a loss of
succession. Their power came to an end during the reign of
Balban.
Question 5.
Musical instruments introduced by Islamic musicians. Answer:

• The Muslims brought musical instruments like Raisarangi.

• Amir Khusrau openly declared that Indian music was superior to
all other music in the world.
• The Suspi saint Pir Bodhan was considered one of the greatest
musicians of this period.
• Feruz Tughlaqs interest in music led to the translation of Raag
Darpan, an IndoIndian Sanskrit music, into Persian.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
1. Mention some of the Saxakars which help us to know the history of
the Delhi Sultanate. Answer:

• Alberuni : Tariq al-Hind (Indian Philosophy and Religion)

• Ziaud's Barani: History of the Delhi Sultans up to Tarikh-i-
Ferozshahi (Firuz Tughlaq).
• Amir Khusrau : Mifta Ulfudoo (Jalawuddin Khilji's conquests).
• Tughlaq Nama: History of Tughlaq dynasty in Persian.

Question 2.
2. Mention Brahmanabad. Answer:

• Tahir was ruling in Sindh.

• Tahir's ancestors had taken over this Brahmin-dominated region
from the Buddhist dynasty and ruled it.
• Brahmins held administrative posts including the army.
• Hence the city came to be known as Brahmanabad.

Question 3.
Qutbuddin Aibak – Hint. Answer:
Qutbuddin Aibak :
 • Qutbuddin Aibak was sold as a slave in Ghazni to Sultan
Muhammad Ghori as a boy.
• Seeing his ability and loyalty, Muhammad Ghori appointed him
acting governor of a province he had conquered in India.
• Qutbuddin Aibak ruled for four years (1206 – 1210).
• He made a name for himself as a wise and honest administrator.
He died in Lahore in 1210 in an accident during the Chauhan
game.

Question 4.
Jizya – Hint. Answer:

• Jizya is a tax levied on the head of non-Muslim citizens by

Islamic states.
• Thus their rights were assured.
• Qutbuddin Aibak was the first to impose jizya on non-Muslims in
India.
• Akbar I abolished the jizya tax. However, it was reintroduced
during the reign of Aurangzeb.

Question 5.
Write a note : Al-Peruni. Answer:

• Al-Beruni, a mathematician, astronomer and historian, came to

India with Mahmud of Ghazni.
• He learnt Sanskrit. He studied Hindu scriptures and
philosophical texts.
• He wrote the Kitab-ul-Hind . He translated the Greek work
Euclidin into Sanskrit.
• He made the West aware of Aryabhatta's main work Aryabhattya
(the rotation of the earth on its axis, the making of day and
night, etc.).
• Alberuli was a bridge between India and other countries.

III. Answer briefly

Question 1.
2. Describe the immediate causes of the military campaigns of
Mahmud-bin-Qasim . Answer:

• The Arab governor of Iraq, Hajj bin Yusuf, sent two separate
divisions, land and sea, against Tahir, the king of Sindh, on the
pretext of anti-piracy operations.
• But both regiments were defeated by Taghr and their
commanders were killed.
• Angered by this, Yusuf sent a large army under the command of
his nephew Muhammad-bin-Qasim against Tahir.
• There was a conflict of opinion between King Tahir and his chief
minister. When the people were dissatisfied with the king,
Muhammad-bin-Qasim easily captured Brahmanabad, pursued
Tahir and killed him in battle.
• He destroyed and plundered the port city of Thebal. This was
the immediate cause of the invasion of Muhammad-bin-Qasim.

Question 2.
What were the reasons for Mahmuds military invasions of Ghazni in
India? Answer:

• The main aim of Mahmud of Ghazni was to plunder Hindu

temples, which were the storehouse of wealth.
• In the name of religion, he destroyed temples and broke idols.
• He showed his religious devotion by killing people of other
religions and destroying places of worship.
• Looting places of worship and destroying images of gods was
an expression of imperial power.
• He plundered to maintain his troops and cover the expenses.
• Mahmud of Ghazni ruled for 32 years and waged 17 wars
against India.

Question 3.
Why was Razia Sultana removed from power? Answer:
 • Razia was the daughter of Emperor Iltutmish.
• The Turkish nobles strongly opposed the accession to the throne
by Russia.
• Razia overcame many obstacles to become empress. He also had
public support.
• He appointed an Abyssinian slave, Jalaluddin Yakut, as the
stable-head. The Turkish nobility did not want this.
• The nobles, who did not like the closeness between Yakut and
Queen Razia, were waiting for an opportunity to depose the
queen.
• The conspirators seized the opportunity to punish Altunia, the
rebellious governor of southern Panjab, to remove him from
power.

Question 4.
2. Write about the campaigns of Malik Kafur in South India. Answer:
Alauddin Khalji's Deccan invasion and South Indian conquests were
significant. He was instrumental in the success of South India. Malik
Kafur was the general of Alauddin Khalji.

• In 1307, Malik sent a large army under Kafur against

Ramachandra Deva, the king of Devagiri. The submissive king of
that country amassed a lot of wealth.
• In 1309, Malik Kafur invaded Warangal and defeated its ruler
Prataparudradeva. Vast amounts of wealth were seized.
• Malik Kafur defeated Viravallila III, the king of Dvarasamudra, in
1310. He captured a lot of wealth and sent it to Delhi.
• Malik Kafur then plundered the cities of Chidambaram and
Srirangam in Tamil Nadu.
• Later he invaded Madurai. He fled from the capital Madurai.
• In 1311, Malik Kafur returned to Delhi with a large amount of
wealth.

Question 5.
What were the reasons for the failure of Muhammad Tughlaqs
experiments? Answer:
Muhammad bin Tughlaq, learned and virtuous. Though a capable
king, he had a reputation for being ruthless, cruel and unjust.
Experiments of Muhammad bin Tughlaq:

(i) Change of Capital

(ii) Token Currencies
(iv) Agricultural Extension Programme

(i) Transfer of capital:

Tughlaq felt that it was difficult to rule the kingdoms of South India
from Delhi and shifted the capital to Devagiri (Daulatabad) which was
in the centre of India. When he found it difficult to rule north India
from here, he shifted his capital back to Delhi. The plan
failed.

(ii) Monetary Reforms:

He issued bronze coins instead of silver coins. But many counterfeited
the bronze coins. It emptied the state coffers. The Tughlaq
government, therefore, had to withdraw the new coins and reissue
silver coins. This plan also failed.

(iii) Agricultural Extension Scheme:

When there was a severe famine in the Doab region, irregular land
revenue was imposed. Loans were given for cattle, seeds and to dig
wells. This also did not work because the officials did not perform
effectively. Though the plans of Muhammad bin Tughlaq were novel,
they all failed.

III. Additional Questions

Question 1.
Tell us about Qutupinar. Answer:

• The most magnificent building dates back to the 13th century.

• It was started by Qutbuddin Aibak and completed by Giltutmish.
• When completed, the Gildumish was 72.5 metres tall.
 • Due to the repairs carried out by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, it rose to
74 meters.
• The tower was built in memory of the Sufi saint Qutbuddin
Bakhtiar Kaki.
• The galleries protruding from the building stand testimony to
the architectural excellence of the period.

Question 2.
2. Mention the importance of Islamic rule in India. Answer:

• Despite the depredations and usurpations of the Muslim rulers,

they were willing to coexist with Hinduism.
• Muhammad Ghori, the conqueror of India, had the image of
Goddess Lakshmi engraved on some of his gold coins.
• In 1325, Muhammad bin Tughlaq ordered the protection of Jain
monks by all government officials. He ordered.
• He himself participated in the Holi festival and maintained good
friendship with the yogis.
• The historian Bharani writes in his book that "He makes
polytheists, Hindus, Mongols, atheists sit on cots and do all the
respects."
• " Hindus are allowed to build temples, hold festivals and
employ Muslim servants, depending on how much tax they pay."
• Barani also writes, "Hindus are given royal titles like Wai, Rana,
Thakur, Shah, Mahda, Pandit, etc., on par with Muslims." These
are the special significance of Muslim rule.

IV. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Mahmud's raids of Ghazni were more political and economic than
religious domination – discuss. Answer:
Ghazni Mahmud : GhazniKamadu became the king of Ghazni at the
age of 27 and ruled for 32 years. During his reign, he invaded India 17
times. These invasions were of a more political and economic nature
than religious domination.
North Indian Attack :

• The Shahi king Anantapala was defeated. Hindu temples were

looted.
• Mathura was plundered before crossing the Gangetic plain to
Kannauki in the Punjab.
• In 1025, the temple of Somnath on the coast of Gujarat was
invaded. He looted a lot of wealth. Nature of the invasion
• Many historians say that these depredations of Ghazni were
more political and economic than religious.
• Such were the military campaigns and activities of Ghazni
Mahmud, and Mahmud plundered.It was due to the need to
defray the expense of maintaining his large army.

Historian's
claim Historian Romila Thapar has observed that such raids and
looting were of an anti-economic and religious character and not of a
communal character. They reveal destruction inseparable from
contemporary warfare and the usual predatory nature of medieval
kings."

Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that his attacks were more

political and economic than religious domination.

Question 2.
How did the Second Battle of Tarain become a turning point in the
history of India? Answer:
The most important battles of Mahmud of Ghori in North India
were the Battles of Tarain. He was also the architect of Islamic rule in
South Asia.

The First Battle of Tarain was fought

in 1191 between Prithviraj Chauhan, the ruler of Ajmer and
Muhammad of Ghori. In this, Muhammad of Ghori failed. The
wounded Mahmud of Ghori was taken to safety by a horseman.
Second Battle of Tarain 1192:

• After defeating the First Battle of Tarain, Muhammad of Ghori

again fought the 2nd Battle of Tarain in 1192 against Prithviraj
Chauhan.
• This time Prithviraj underestimated Gori's potential. He rejected
the advice of his minister Someswaran.
• He led a small detachment and fought the Second Battle of
Tarain.
• He was defeated and captured in the 2nd Battle of Tarain.
• The Second Battle of Tarain was a turning point in the history of
India. Ghori won the war and handed over the reins to Prithviraj.
But he accused him of treason and killed him.
• He appointed Qutbuddin Aibak, his trusted general, as his
deputy ruler of the Indian territory. Thus, the Second Battle of
Tarain paved the way for the downfall of Rajput rule and Islamic
rule. Maybe not.

Question 3.
Compare and contrast Mahmud of Ghazni with Mahmud of Ghori.
(March 2019)Answer:
Ghazni Mohammed

1. Ruler of Ghazni in Afghanistan

2. The campaigns of Ghazni were intended for plunder.
3. All soldiers were slaves bought
4. He was a great warrior.He won
all the 17 times he waged wars in India.
5. He showed his religious devotion by slaughtering people of
other religions during the war.
6. No fortifications were erected
7. Soldiers were trained and armed
8. The most important invasion of his time was the invasion of the
temples of Somnath in 1025.
9. They looted Hindu temples.
10. The only aim was looting. I don't want to create a new
government.
Ghori Mohammed

1. Ruler of Ghori in Afghanistan

2. Mahmud of Ghori invested in the territories he conquered
3. Selected from among slaves
4. The Gujarat War and the First Battle of Tarain suffered a
crushing defeat.
5. He waged war in the name of the religion of jihad
6. He erected garrisons in the modern, Punjab, Sind and Haryana
provinces.
7. They were already trained soldiers.
8. The main expeditions of his time were the 1st and 2nd Tarain
expeditions.
9. He attacked important cities and forts
10. Muhammad of Ghori wanted to consolidate his conquered
territories into a new kingdom. He established a new regime
under the leadership of his loyal slave Qutbuddin Aibak

Question 4.
Discuss the economic reforms of Ala-ud-din Khalji. Answer:
Following the conquest of vast territories by Alauddin Khalji, he carried
out extensive administrative reforms aimed at stabilizing the state.

Administrative Reforms:

• He confiscated the wealth amassed by the nobles. This was the

first step taken by the nobles to prevent the possibility of
intrigues.
• Marriage alliances between nobles were permitted only with the
approval of the sultan.
• He stripped the hereditary village officers of their traditional
rights and restricted the powers of hereditary village officers.
• He severely punished corrupt public servants.

Social Reform:
 • Land revenue was collected directly from the peasants.
• This deprived the village chiefs of their traditional right to collect
taxes.
• The burden of taxes imposed by Alauddin was on the rich and
not on the poor.
• Alauddin established the postal system to keep in touch with all
parts of his empire.

Market Reforms :

• Alauddin was the first Sultan to pay soldiers in cash and were
paid low wages.
• He used espionage to control the prices of essential
commodities and to collect information about black marketing
and hoarding.
• All the details of the transactions, transactions and transactions
were obtained through spies.
• He ordered the officials and spies to submit daily reports on the
prices of essential commodities.

Penalty :(i) Violators of price regulation rules were dutifully punished.

(ii) If any weight loss is caught, an equal weight of flesh is cut from
the body of the seller and thrown before his eyes.

Thus he reduced taxes on the poor, imposed more taxes on the rich,
punished the wrongs and improved the economic condition of the
country. 2. Assess the rule of Feroztluq. When Muhammad bin
Tughlaq died, his son was still a child and Firuz Tughlaq assumed the
throne.

Question 5.
Let us examine his reign. Answer:
Principle of conciliation with nobles :
 • Firuz Tughlaq followed a policy of conciliation towards the
nobles and religious leaders.
• The divided property was returned to them.
• Feroze reintroduced the hereditary system of hiring officials.
• Many taxes were reduced. At the same time, he ensured that
government funds were not wasted.

Slave Welfare Department:

• Feroze had a genuine concern for slaves.

• He abolished various forms of torture practised by the previous
regime.
• He created a separate government department to look after
their interests.
• The Department of Slavery took care of the wellbeing of 180,000
slaves.
• They were trained in handicrafts and employed in the
workshops of the state. Feroze's refusal to wars

Policy :

• Feroze Tughlaq did not like wars. But he successfully suppressed

the rebellions.
• The only major invasion of his time was the invasion of Sind in
1362.
• Two Mongol invasions during his reign were successfully
repulsed.

Religious Policy:

• He supported orthodox Islam. He declared his government as an

Islamic state.
• Religious enemies were persecuted.
• He also imposed a tax on non-Muslims called 'Jizya'.
• It did not prohibit the construction of new Hindu temples.
• He freely supported the educated, including non-Muslims.

Public Works :
(i) Feroze undertook many irrigation projects.

(ii) the canal cut from the river Sutlej to Hansi,

(iii) The other canal cut in the Yamuna also indicates his strong policy
of public works. Though his reign was laudable in many ways, his
policy of conciliation with the nobles, hereditary rights and political
interference of the nobles led to the collapse of Firuz Tughlaqs rule.

Question 6.
2. Describe the administrative structure of Delhi Sultanate. Answer:
Administration of the Sultanat :
State and Society :The
Sultanat State was considered as a legitimate Islamic state. Although
many sultans claimed to accept the leadership of the Caliphate
, they were absolute rulers.

As President of the Court :

The King was the commander-in-chief of the army.

As head of the administration of justice, he is also the Supreme Court
of Appeal. The Sultans considered themselves to be the
representatives of God.

Empire :

Except for a few small areas during the period of Muhammad-bin-

Tughlaq, the whole of India, from Kashmir to Kerala, came under the
direct rule of Delhi.

Succession: Succession is not defined. The contest for succession was

the usual one.

Tax: The 'iqta' owners collected taxes. They kept certain areas under
their direct control (khalissa). Land revenue was levied strictly on the
basis of half the produce. This led the peasants to revolt.
Mukti: The
provincial governors were called mukti.

Gases:
In the beginning, only Turks were nobles. All members of the nobility,
irrespective of religion, enjoyed a prosperous socioeconomic life.

It is evident from Barani's note that "Hindus were given royal titles like
Rai, Rana, Nagore, Shah, Mahda, Pandit on par with Muslims." This is
an example of the administrative excellence of the Muslims.