RASPBERRY PI

A Technical Seminar report submitted in partial fulfillment for the

award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(2021-2025)

Submitted by
VEERANKI PRAMEELA 21X01A0449

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mr. A. SRINIVAS
M.TECH

Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

www.nrcmec.org
November – 2024
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Technical Seminar report entitled

“RASPBERRY PI” is the bonafide work done by VEERANKI PRAMEELA,
21X01A0449 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication
Engineering, from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad,
during the year 2021-2025.

Seminar Guide Head of the Department

Mr. A. SRINIVAS Mr. Dr. K. PURUSHOTHAM

Assistant Professor Professor and Head,
Department of Electronics Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering, and Communication Engineering,
NARSIMHAREDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE NARSIMHAREDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Maisammaguda, Kompally, Secunderabad. Maisammaguda, Kompally, Secunderabad.
 ABSTRACT

Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer manufactured and designed

in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi foundation with the intention of
teaching basic computer science to school students and every other person
interested in computer hardware, programming and DIY-Do-it Yourself
projects.

The Raspberry Pi is manufactured in three board configurations through

licensed manufacturing deals with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS
Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online.
Egoman produces version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan,
which can be distinguished from other Pis by their red coloring and lack of
FCC/CE marks. The hardware is the across all manufacturers.

The Foundation provides Debian and Arch Linux ARM distributions for
download . Tools are available for Python as the main programming
language, with support for BBC BASIC (via the RISC OS image or the
Brandy Basic clone for Linux), C, Java and Perl.
CONTENTS :

1. INTRODUCTION
2. INCEPTION OF RASPBERRY PI
2.1 THE IDEA TO CREATE RASPBERRY PI
2.2 INITIAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
3. HARDWARE
3.1 HARDWARE LAYOUT
3.2 COMPONENTS ON THE PI
3.3 SPECIFICATIONS
4. SOFTWARE
4.1 OPERATING SYSTEM
4.2 RPi COMPATIBLE OPERATING SYSTEM
5. APPLICATIONS
5.1 EXAMPLES FOR PROJECTS USING RPi
6. MERITS AND DEMERITS
6.1 ADVANTAGES
6.2 DISADVANTAGES
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCES
 1. INTRODUCTION

The Raspberry Pi is a small, affordable, single-board computer developed by

the Raspberry Pi Foundation. Raspberry Pi is mini computer with the physical size
of a credit card.

The Raspberry Pi is manufactured in three board configurations through

licensed manufacturing deals with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS
Components and Egoman. These companies sell the Raspberry Pi online.
Egoman produces a version for distribution solely in China and Taiwan, which
can be distinguished from other Pis by their red coloring and lack of FCC/CE
marks. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.

The Raspberry Pi has a Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC),

which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU and
was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded (Model B &
Model B+) to 512 MB. It does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-state drive,
but it uses an SD card for booting and persistent storage, with the Model + using a
MicroSD. The Foundation provides Debian and Arch Linux ARM distributions
for download. Tools are available for Python as the main programming language,
with support for BBC BASIC (via the RISC OS image or the Brandy Basic clone
for Linux), C, Java and Perl.
 2. INCEPTION OF RASPBERRY PI

2.1 THE IDEA TO CREATE RASPBERRY PI

The idea behind a tiny and affordable computer for kids came in 2006, when
Eben Upton, Rob Mullins, Jack Lang and Alan Mycroft, based at the University
of Cambridge‘s Computer Laboratory, became concerned about the year-on year
decline in the numbers and skills levels of the A Level students applying to read
Computer Science. From a situation in the 1990s where most of the kids
applying were coming to interview as experienced hobbyist programmers, the
landscape in the 2000s was very different; a typical applicant might only have
done a little web design.

Something had changed the way kids were interacting with computers. A
number of problems were identified: majority of curriculums with lessons on
using Word and Excel, or writing webpages; the end of the dot-com boom; andthe
rise of the home PC and games console to replace the Amigas, BBC Micros,
Spectrum ZX and

Commodore 64 machines that people of an earlier generation learned to program on.

A Complete Commodore 64 System

2.1 INITIAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

From 2006 to 2008 they created many designs and prototypes of

what we now know as the Raspberry Pi.
One of the earliest prototypes is shown below:

By 2008, processors designed for mobile devices were becoming

more affordable, an powerful enough to provide excellent multimedia, a
feature which would make the board desirable to kids who wouldn‘t
initially be interested in a purely programming oriented device. The project
started to look very realisable and feasible.

Eben (now a chip architect at Broadcom), Rob, Jack and Alan, teamed
up with Pete Lomas, MD of hardware design and manufacture company
Norcott Technologies, and David Braben, co-author of the BBC Micro
game Elite, to form the Raspberry Pi Foundation to make it a reality. Three
years later, the Raspberry Pi Model B entered mass production through
licensed manufacture deals with Element 14/Premier Farnell and RS
Electronics, and within two years it had sold over two million units!

One of the earliest prototypes of the Pi

 3. HARDWARE

3.1 HARDWARE LAYOUT

3.2 COMPONENTS ON THE PI

 PROCESSOR/SoC (System on Chip)

The Raspberry Pi has a Broadcom BCM2835 System on Chip module. It

has a ARM1176JZF-S processor.
The Broadcom SoC used in the Raspberry Pi is equivalent to a chip
used in an old smartphone (Android or iPhone). While operating at 700
MHz by default, the Raspberry Pi provides a real world performance
roughly equivalent to the 0.041 GFLOPS. On the CPU level the
performance is similar to a 300 MHz Pentium II of
1997-1999, but the GPU, however, provides 1 Gpixel/s, 1.5 Gtexel/s or 24
GFLOPS of general purpose compute and the graphics capabilities of the
Raspberry Pi are roughly equivalent to the level of performance of the Xbox
of 2001. The Raspberry Pi chip operating at 700 MHz by default, will not
become hot enough to need a heatsinkor special cooling.

 POWER SOURCE

The Pi is a device which consumes 700mA or 3W or power. It is

powered by a MicroUSB charger or the GPIO header. Any good smartphone
charger will do the work of powering the Pi.

 SD CARD

The Raspberry Pi does not have any onboard storage available. The
operating system is loaded on a SD card which is inserted on the SD card
slot on the Raspberry Pi. The operating system can be loaded on the card
using a card reader on any computer.

 GPIO

GPIO- General Purpose Input Output General-purpose input/output

(GPIO) is a generic pin on an integrated circuit whose behavior,
including whether it is an input or output pin, can be controlled by the
userat run time. GPIO pins have no special purpose defined, and go
un used by default.
GPIO capabilities may include:
 GPIO pins can be configured to be input or output
 GPIO pins can be enabled/disabled
 Input values are readable (typically high=1, low=0)
 Output values are writable/readable
 Input values can often be used as IRQs (typically for wakeup
events)

GPIO Connector on RPi

 DSI CONNECTOR

The Display Serial Interface (DSI) is a specification by the Mobile

Industry Processor Interface (MIPI) Alliance aimed at reducing the cost of
display controllers in a mobile device. It is commonly targeted at LCD and
similar display technologies. It defines a serial bus and a communication
protocol between the host (source of the image data) and the device
(destination of the image data).

 RCA VIDEO

RCA Video outputs (PAL and NTSC) are available on all models of
Raspberry Pi. Any television or screen with a RCA jack can be connected
with the RPi.

 AUDIO JACK

A standard 3.5 mm TRS connector is available on the RPi for stereo

audio output. Any headphone or 3.5mm audio cable can be connected
directly. Although this jack cannot be used for taking audio input, USB
mics or USB sound cards can be used.

 STATUS LEDs

There are 5 status LEDs on the RPi that show the status of various
activities as follows: “OK”- SDCard Access (via GPIO16) - labelled as
"OK" on Model B Rev1.0 boards and "ACT" on Model B Rev2.0 and
Model A boards. “POWER” - 3.3 V Power - labelled as "PWR" on all
boards “FDX” - Full Duplex (LAN) (Model B) – labelled as "FDX" on all
boards “LNK” - Link/Activity (LAN) (Model B) - labelled as "LNK" on all
boards “10M/100” 10/100Mbit (LAN) (Model B) - labelled (incorrectly) as
"10M" on Model B Rev1.0 boards and "100" on Model B Rev2.0 and
Model A boards
 Status LEDs

 USB 2.0 PORT

USB 2.0 ports are the means to connect accessories such as mouse or
keyboard to the Raspberry Pi. There is 1 port on Model A, 2 on Model B
and 4 on Model B+. The number of ports can be increased by using an
external powered USB hub which is available as a standard Pi accessory.

 ETHERNET

Ethernet port is available on Model B and B+. It can be connected to a

network or internet using a standard LAN cable on the Ethernet port. The
Ethernet ports are controlled by Microchip LAN9512 LAN controller chip.

 CSI CONNECTOR

CSI – Camera Serial Interface is a serial interface designed by MIPI

(Mobile Industry Processor Interface) alliance aimed at interfacing digital
cameras with a mobile processor.

 JTAG HEADERS

JTAG is an acronym for “Joint Test Action Group”, an organization

that started back in the mid 1980's toaddress test point access issues on
PCB with surface mount devices. The organization devised a method of
access to device pins via a serial port that became known as the TAP (Test
Access Port). In 1990 the method became a recognized international
standard (IEEE Std 1149.1)
  HDMI

HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface

HDMI 1.3 a type A port is provided on the RPi to connect with HDMI
screens.

3.3 SPECIFICATIONS
 4. SOFTWARE

4.1 OPERATING SYSTEM

The Raspberry Pi primarily uses Linux kernel-based operating systems.

The ARM11 is based on version 6 of the ARM which is no longer supported
by several popular versions of Linux, including Ubuntu. The install manager
for Raspberry Pi is NOOBS.

The OSs included with NOOBS are:

 Archlinux ARM
 OpenELEC
 Pidora (Fedora Remix)
 Raspbmc and the XBMC open source digital media center
 RISC OS – The operating system of the first ARM-based computer
 Raspbian (recommended) – Maintained independently of the
Foundation; based on ARM hard-float (armhf)-Debian 7 'Wheezy'
architecture port, that was designed for a newer ARMv7 processor
whose binaries would not work on the Rapberry Pi, but Raspbian is
compiled for the ARMv6 instruction set of the Raspberry Pi making
it work but with slower performance. It provides some available deb
software packages, pre-compiled software bundles. A minimum size
of 2 GB SD card is required, but a 4 GB SD card or above is
recommended. There is a Pi Store for exchanging programs. The
'Raspbian Server Edition (RSEv2.4)', is a stripped version with other
software packages bundled as compared to the usual desktop
computer oriented Raspbian.
4.2 RPi COMPATIBLE OPERATING SYSTEM
 5. APPLICATIONS

The major aim behind the Raspberry Pi was to educate people,

especially children and teenagers, towards programming and basic
hardware interfacing. The open body structure of the Raspberry Pi makes
it a machineon which one can learn computer concepts.
Applications of the Raspberry Pi can be given as follows:
 Teaching programming concepts.
 Teaching hardware interfacing.
 Raspberry Pi being very cost effective can be deployed in large
numbers in underdeveloped anddeveloping countries like Africa,
India, China, Brazil etc. to schools and colleges and to everyone
who is interested in computers and electronics.
 It can be used in robotics for controlling motors, sensors, etc.
 It can be used as a downloading machine replacing desktop computers.
It consumes very low power and also can be accessed remotely.
 It can be used as a media center at home. Any television can be
converted to a smart TV withinternet capabilities with the Pi.
 It can be used for designing prototypes of DIY projects and
certain embedded devices. Itbecomes very cheap option for
testing and evaluation purpose.
 Can be used in creating and handling small servers.
 It can be used for making digital photo frames, tablets etc at home.

5.1 EXAMPLES FOR PROJECTS USING RASPBERRY PI

Home Automation
With a Raspberry Pi, switches, web server, enthusiasts have created
home automation systems that can control fans and lights of a home from
the Pi or even a smartphone.
 An example of a home automation system using RPi

Robots

Simple robots can be developed using Raspberry Pi boards and various

other components that can be connected to it.

Raspberry Pi inside a Robot

 6. MERITS & DEMERITS

6.1 ADVANTAGES

 Low cost: Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized computer that's affordable

for most people.
 Easy to use: It has a user-friendly operating system and pre-installed
software applications.
 Versatile: It can interface with various electronic components using its
GPIO pins.
 Powerful: It has a quad-core processor and ample memory.
 Connectivity: It has built-in WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity.
 The Raspberry Pi is perfect for adaptive technology: it is able to
display images or play videos at 1080p high definition resolution to
building systems such as digital jukeboxes or prototyping embedded
systems. This product makes it possible to build complex and
effective products at a cheaper price.

DISADVANTAGES

 Lacks internal storage: Raspberry Pi doesn't have internal storage, so it

requires a micro SD card to work.
 Lacks GPU unit: Raspberry Pi doesn't come with a GPU unit.
 Not designed for harsh environments: Raspberry Pi can
be damaged by heat, dust, moisture, orvibrations.
 Vulnerable to cyberattacks: Raspberry Pi can be vulnerable to
cyberattacks if it's connected to the internetor a network without proper
encryption or authentication .
 This product will not be useful for bigger businesses that already have
big servers, which would already doeverything that the Raspberry Pi
does, so it would not be worth it to take the time to get someone to
put it together.
 7. CONCLUSION

Raspberry Pi is an innovative product. The sheer number of users and

fan base support the fact that the device can see a great future ahead. The
device can surely help anyone who really wants to lean electronics and
computers.

Increasing the processing power can surely help the product in the
future. Also supplying a case and a proper instruction manual will improve
the product. Also currently Windows operating systems are not compatible
because of the ARM processor. If the processor is improved or any
workaround is found to run Windows directly on the Raspberry Pi, then it
can be a great step for the Pi.

The Raspberry Pi is an amazing piece of hardware because of the

combination of the features of a traditional computer and an embedded
device. Supporting computer operating systems like Linux and providing
simple input/output lines i.e. the GPIO makes it perfect for controlling
almost anything. Programming the GPIO is much easy and intuitive then an
traditional FPGA or microprocessor.

Finally it can be said that Raspberry Pi can be effectively used if its

processing power is kept in mind. It can work as a personal computer but
cannot replace it.
 8. REFERENCES

1. Raspberry Pi – Teach, Learn and Make with Raspberry Pi,

www.raspberrypi.org
2. Raspberry Pi – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,
en.wikipedia.org
3. Raspberry Pi Education Manual
4. Dhaval Chheda, Divyesh Darde & Shraddha Chitalia, Smart
Projectors using Remote Controlled Raspberry Pi, International
Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887).
5. Robot project , http://www.wired.com/2013/01/raspberry-pi-r2d2/
6. Home automation project, http://www.instructables.com/id/Raspberry-
Pi-GPIO-home-automation.