- The capacity of the affected

WEEK 1: CONCEPT OF people or community to deal

with utilizing its own resources.
DISASTER
D - disruption of a large number of - WHO, as an incident unsettling
people the customary situation of
I - impact involves human, material subsistence and resulting to the
monetary and ecological losses point of distress that go beyond
S - sudden devastating and unexpected the capacity of adaptation of the
event affected community
A - affect different level of society
S - safe keeping measures is the utmost ● John Hopkins - defined disaster
concern as sudden overwhelming and
T - total damage to life, limb and unforeseen event in different
properties is appalling levels.
E - exceed the capacity of a
neighborhood - events that are major concern
R - recovery takes months or years major health issues, financial
difficulty, death of loved ones, or
● DISASTER social adversities are categorized
- originated from the french word as disaster in household level.
“des” (bad) and “aster” (star)
refers to “Bad Star”. - displacement of people due to
arm conflicts are under the
- Ancient people believed that category of community level.
disaster occurred due to
inauspicious position of the ● MITIGATION - is defined as
planets, thus the name “Evil planning and preparation
Star”. employed to minimize the
impact of disaster.
● RA 10121 - Section 3 of the
Philippine Disaster Risk ● RA 7160 - stipulates that the
Reduction and Management Act local government head can
of 2010, defines disaster as perform emergency measures
severe disruption of a needed during and in the
community or society’s day to aftermath of any disaster be it
day functioning that involves natural or man made.
extensive physical, financial,
material or ecological losses.
 worst natural disaster in
Concept of disaster risk country in terms of casualties.
•R- resources are in danger of being
lost ● URING (THELMA) - At day break
•I – incident occurring in particular of November 5, 1991, people of
locale over a period of time Ormoc City were ravaged by
•S – surveillance is essential in disaster tropical storm Uring (thelma).
preparation The local government unit
•K – Disaster equation documented about 5,956 deaths,
3,000 missing persons, 14,000
risk = hazard x vulnerability/capacity
shattered abodes and more than
1.045 million worth confiscated
RISK - is defined as a measure of the possessions.
expected losses due to hazardous event
occurring in a given area over a specific ● Prohibited cutting of vegetation
period of time. and slash-and burn farming
were noted as precursor of flash
● The Philippines, beautiful as it flood and landslide this
is, unfortunately, is destruction in the Visayas was
geographically, geological and repeated 20 years after bagyong
politically susceptible to both Sendong hit Cagayan De Oro in
natural and man-made 2011 prodding the government to
disasters. crack down illegal loggers in the
● The university and the institute region
of environment and security of
the United Nation release ● PHILIPPINES
identified the Philippines as the - Aside from hydro meteorological
most disaster prone country in catastrophe, the Philippines is
the world. From 2010 to 2014, 91 also highly exposed to
hydrometeorological hazard earthquakes and tsunamis.
entered the Philippine Area of
responsibility, one of which is ● The country experiences at least
bagyong Yolanda(Haiyan) five earthquakes a day according
to PHIVOLCS. In 2013, an
● ONDOY (KETSANA) 2009 - earthquake with 7.2 magnitude
Bagyong Ondoy ravage luzon, struck Bohol province.
submering metro manila in a
record breaking flood levels, ● NDRRMC - states that more than
affecting 4,901,234 people, 73,000 structure were destroyed,
making it fourth in the list of which included century old
 churches, 976 civilians were
injured, 8 person were missing ● The Mamasapano incident - in
and 222 were accounted dead January 25, 2015, which started
● MAYON VOLCANO- renowned as a mission to serve warrant of
for its” perfect cone” arrest for a terrorist ended with
attributable to its almost equal the killing of 5 bangsamoro
conical picturesque volcanoes in islamic freedom fighters, 18
the country, can also cause members of moro national
massive destruction among liberation front, several civilians
locals. and the controversial 44 special
- Mayon is the most active volcano action force commandos
in the southern part of the
country having erupted over 49 ● The Battle of Marawi - also
times in the past 400 years known as the Marawi siege and
the Marawi crisis, was a
● PINATUBO - June 15, 1991 five-month-long armed conflict
explosive eruption of mount in Marawi, Philippines, that
Pinatubo, a dormant volcano for started on May 23, 2017, between
600 years, was the second the Philippine government.
biggest volcanic eruption of the
century and by far the major ● Kentex Manufacturing Factory -
eruption had cause global In May 2015, a fire broke out in
temperature to decrease and its Valenzuela. 72 people mostly
ash fall, which affected employees, making the incident
provinces in luzon: including in the country after Ozone disco
metro Manila. in 1996.

HUMAN INDUCE UPHEAVALS ● Ozone Disco Club - March 18,

● Moro – islamic - liberation 1996, A blaze gutted in Quezon
front since the 60’s continues to City and 162 people died, most of
have armed conflict with them are students celebrating
Government troops. the end of the school year. The
Ozone Disco fire has been
officially acknowledged as the
● Zamboanga siege - resulted in worst fire in Philippine history
the death toll of 18 soldiers and 5
policemen. It also cause the lives
of 9 civilians, injured 57
bystanders and displaced
hundreds of families.
 ● Environmental danger – vectors
NATURE OF DISASTER
are rampant during disasters.
2 major classification of disaster
● Infrastructure damage –
1. Natural – natural disasters disaster becomes very personal if
result from an environmental it is damaged.
disturbance or peril that
surpasses the coping capacity of
the affected community.

Example: Volcanic eruption,

Typhoons, tsunamis, tornado,
floods and other
hydro-meteorological and
geological occurrences.

2. Man made – disasters are

caused by errors of man, either WEEK 2-3: BASIC CONCEPT of
international or accidental. DISASTER and DISASTER RISK
● DISASTER
Example: Oil spill, armed - The serious disruption of the
conflict, nuclear explosion, functioning of society, causing
vehicular accidents and terrorist widespread human, material or
bombing environmental losses, sudden or
progressive, which exceed the
● Disaster based on – set impact ability of the affected people to
duration cope using their own resources.
- Natural phenomena like
earthquake, tsunamis and ● DISASTER RISK
tornados usually without - the potential loss in lives, health
warning of short duration and status, livelihoods, and various
bring sudden havoc on the assets.
community - The probability that a
community’s structure or
geographic area is to be damaged
EFFECTS OF DISASTER
or disrupted by the impact of a
particular hazard, on account of
● Human impact – death or injury their nature, construction, and
are the most pressing concern proximity to a hazardous area.
during a disaster.
Exposure and Vulnerability
Philippine Overview ● ENVIRONMENT
- Environmental awareness holds
The “Pearl of the Orient” one of the key information
● The Philippines is situated in regarding the philippines’
South East Asia and lies on the exposure and vulnerability to
west side of the Pacific Ocean. As disasters.
one of the countries within the
Pacific Ring of Fire and being
proximal to the equator, it make
the country a melting pot of Asia
and made it more susceptible to
disasters like earthquake,
typhoons.
● The Philippines is the third most
disaster prone country in the
world of disaster.

● THE PEOPLE
- The Filipinos are considered
freedom-loving individuals.
- The country has one of the
highest birth rates in Asia,
thereby forecasting that the
population could even double
within the next three decades.

● THE CULTURE
- Filipino culture is rich in foreign
influences that mold the
country’s culture. These ● HAZARD
influences came from the - a situation, condition or items
colonization of Spain and the that may predispose an
United States. individual, group, or community
to danger thereby increasing the
- But despite these visual Hispanic likelihood that a disaster can
and Western influences, Filipino occur (Veneema, 2013).
culture can be seen through the
people’s everyday lives, beliefs, Examples:
and customs. ● Natural: earthquake, tropical
cyclone, drought
 ● Malfunction of man-made 1. Physical vulnerability
resources: nuclear explosion, - pertains to the physical profile of
industrial breakdown a subject.
● Unforeseen human activity: example: would be wooden homes.
armed-conflict and overgrazing
● Environmental and
meteorological: fault lines, 2. Social Vulnerability
seismic zones - relates to inability of an
individual or even group of
● EXPOSURE people to withstand or tolerate
- The presence that makes the the impact/s of disaster in
disaster a possibility. It relation to their inherit
measures the likelihood of an characteristics.
individual, target group, edifice,
populace, or the whole state example: some sectors of the society
experiencing a disaster and its are having difficulties in protecting
effect. (Coppola, 2015) themselves and of course, evacuating.

Keywords: Presence (Subject/s must be 3. Economic Vulnerability

present to have exposure) - will be determined by
Examples: Factory workers in a individuals, communities and
chemical manufacturing plant the nation's economic stability
through financial sustainability.
● VULNERABILITY
- possibility or susceptibility to example: a situation only becomes a
acquire the consequence of disaster if there is a lack of the
disasters. It is a measure of how capability of the locals to manage the
an object, individual, groups or a situation.
whole country to meet the
consequences of a hazard. 4. Environmental Vulnerability
(Coppola, 2015) - refers to the judicious use and
protection of natural resources.
Keywords: Consequences (subject/s If there are poor environmental
have possibility to suffer consequences practices like deforestation and
to be considered vulnerable) improper waste management it
Examples: Residents near an active is more likely that disasters can
volcano occur.

TYPES OF VULNERABILITY
WEEK 4: BASIC CONCEPT OF
HAZARD PROJECT NOAH
● Webster dictionary defined
(Nationwide Operational Assessment
hazard as a source of danger or
of Hazards)
something that may cause injury
- aims to harness cutting edge
or harm.
technologies to provide a more
accurate, integrated and
HAZARD
responsive system to prevent
● The probability that a disaster
and mitigate natural disasters.
will occur. (Veenema, 2013)
● The word hazard originated
1. Distribution of Hydro met
from the Old French word
devices to typhoon and flood
"hasard" and Arabic term "az
prone areas in the country;
zarhr" meaning luck or chance.
● A hazard may lead to a disaster
2. Disaster Risk Exposure
only when it interacts with a
Assessment for Mitigation
vulnerable population.
-Light Detection and Ranging
(DREAM-LIDAR) Project, an
The Philippines and Japan are two
accurate 3D presentation of
countries with almost identical
floods and hazard maps.
catastrophes at any given point, while
both their people show resilience in
3. Geohazards mapping through
times of disaster, when it comes to
LIDAR, aims to identify areas
vigilance and mitigation efforts they
prone to landslides.
are worlds apart.

4. Coastal Hazards and Storm

Surge Assessment and
Mitigation (CHASSAM), detects
coastal circulation, wave surge
and refraction that helps
determine and resolve coastal
erosion.

5. FloodNET Project, a flood center

that provides accurate and
updated flood warning system;

6. LaDDeRS ( Local Development of

Doppler Radar System), targets
to create a Doppler radar able to
 detect sea surface parameters Hemorrhagic fever
like wave, surface current
velocity and wind field 2. Category B agents - has
potential for morbidity but low
7. Landslide Sensors Development, mortality rate, moderately easy
aims to generate a sensor-based to transmit.
monitoring and warning system example: Typhus fever
for slope failures, landslides and Viral Encephalitis
debris flow; Salmonella
Shigella
8. WHIP (Weather Hazard E.coli
Information Project), utilization
of web portal 3. Category C - are described as
(http://noah.dost.gov.ph) and "emerging agents" that have the
DOSTv , which provide real-time potential to infect in the future.
satellite, Doppler radar etc. to example: Hantavirus
inform the public to prepare Nipah fever
against calamities.
Environmental Hazards
9. Strategic Communication, - The advent of urbanization gave
utilizing IEC (Information, rise to the emergence of
Education and Communication) environmental hazards. Air
activities. pollutants are proven to cause
serious health effects such as
damage to the immune system,
THE CENTER FOR DISEASE
cancers and birth defects
CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC,
(Veenema, 2013).
2000)
- categorized different biological Chemical Hazards (Beach, 2010)
warfare according to risk and - are classified into:
priority assessment. 1. intentional and
2. unintentional
1. Category A agents - deadliest
microbe, easily disseminated or INTENTIONAL
transmitted and high mortality - Intentional incidents are
rate. criminal acts of terrorism or
example: Anthrax sabotage causing the release of
Botulinum toxin toxic chemicals into the
Plague environment.
Smallpox
Tularemia
 ● Sarin, a known chemical agent Earthquake
that inhibit acetylcholinesterase ● an unexpected discharge of
in the Nervous System causing energy in the earth's crust
respiratory and cardiovascular causing movements along a fault
irregularities leading to death line or a direct cause of a
was used in a deadly attack in volcanic activity ensuing in the
Syrian town of Ghouta in 2013 production of seismic waves.
that claimed 1, 429 lives
(Steinblatt, 2015) ● It is typify by a hasty tremor on
the earth's exterior. It is
UNINTENTIONAL considered the deadliest and
- Unintentional events produce most dangerous natural
the same result but the release of occurrence in the planet in terms
the chemical is accidental. The of depth and length
Chernobyl explosion in 1986 in
Ukraine is one such accident. 2 Major Classification of Earthquake
1. Natural - This phenomenon are
● The 2015 forest fire in Indonesia the naturally occurring
documented 21 fire- related earthquakes along fault lines.
victims, including burns,
pneumonia, asthma and 2. Man-Made - This phenomenon
meningitis exacerbated by upper are earthquakes caused by
respiratory tract. explosions detonated by man.

Classification of Earthquakes based

● The 9/11 terrorist attack in the
on Cause:
US resulted in the collapse of the
Twin Towers which registered
about 2,999 deaths, and injured Tectonic Earthquakes
more than 6,000 casualties. - are slack movable fragments of
lands on the earth's crust. These
plates have the tendency to shift
bit by bit at a steady rate. The
movements can be towards each
other, away from each other, can
smash together or can slide past
each other.

Volcanic Earthquake
WEEK 5: EARTHQUAKE HAZARD
 - Volcanic eruption produces slackly packed, water logged
tremors that occur before or dregs at or near the ground
after an explosion. It is relatively surface theirs potency in
not common unlike tectonic response to ground shaking and
earthquakes. occurs underneath buildings and
other structures can cause
Collapse Earthquake damage.
- Also known as “mine burst”.
Underground mining usually
produced a tremor that can be 3. Earthquake Induced Ground
felt on earth's surface. It usually Subsidence - movements within
occurs in locales utilized as the earth's crust cause stress to
mining sites build up weakness and rocks to
deform. It can happen in a
Explosion Earthquake variety of ways during a tremor
- These are tremors directly that occurs along fault lines with
caused by nuclear detonations. horizontal or vertical
Regarded as one of the ill-effects components or both.
of nuclear war it occurs in places
where nuclear testing is done. 4. Earthquake Induced Landslide -
This is the movement of rocks,
earth's debris and slopes
Geologic Hazards Associated with
generated by an earthquake. This
Earthquake
occurs due to the collapse of the
materials under a hill slope and
1. Ground Shaking - the most the force of gravity.
important cause of earthquake
damage to man-made 5. Tsunami - also known as
structures. It is created by seismic sea waves; large waves
SEISMIC earth movements, in the ocean, usually cause by
when the ground shakes underwater volcanic eruption,
strongly buildings may collapse earthquake, or coastal landslide.
and their occupants may be
wounded or die. The destruction
of churches in Bohol 2013 is one
such example.

2. Liquefaction - occurs when

trembling of earthquake causes
soil to lose strength and flow.
Liquefaction happens when