The earliest form of A portable Indian shelter

human
settlement

A cave in France A clochán is a stone

containing wall paintings beehive-shaped hut with a
and engravings of corbelled roof, commonly
Paleolithic humans associated with the Irish
thought to date from c. coastline in Kerry, Ireland.
13,000-8,500 BCE.

A traditional rendered An American Indian

stone dwelling in Apulia, dwelling, usually of round
southern Italy, in which or oval shape, formed of
square chambers are poles overlaid with bark,
roofed with conical vaulted rush mats, or animal skins.
roofs.

An Eskimo house, usually

Villages were connected
built of blocks of hard snow
by shared mortuary and
or ice in the shape of a
goddess ritual centers.
dome, or when
permanent, of sod, wood,
or stone.
 ROCK CAVES

TIPI

BEEHIVE HUT LASCAUX CAVE

WIGWAM TRULLO

RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES

IGLOO
 Monolith; A prehistoric
a large stone that forms a
monument consisting of
prehistoric monument
an upright stone, usually
(e.g., a menhir) or part of
standing alone but
one (e.g., a stone circle or
sometimes aligned with
chamber tomb)
others in parallel rows.

A prehistoric monument Three standing stones,

consisting of two or more two on the sides and one
large upright stones at the back.
supporting a horizontal
stone slab or capstone, and
usually regarded as a
tomb.

A structure consisting of An artificial mound of

two upright stones earth or stone, especially
supporting a horizontal over an ancient grave. Also
lintel. called barrow.

A megalithic monument
A circular arrangement of consisting of four
megaliths enclosing a concentric rings of
dolmen or burial mound. trilithons and menhirs
centered around an altar
stone.
 MEGALITHS MENHIR

COVE
DOLMEN

TRILITHON TUMULUS

CROMLECH STONEHENGE
 One of the world's oldest
History of Architecture continually-inhabited city.
(HOA)

Largest and most well-

preserved Neolithic village.
Consisted of rectangular
One of the earliest flat-roofed houses packed
Neolithic village. together into a single
architectural mass

From the Greek words Characterized by

mesos and potamas, monumental temples of
meaning “middle river.” sun-dried brick faced with
Refers to the fertile plain burnt or glazed brick, often
between the Tigris and built upon the ruins of
Euphrates rivers. their predecessors.

Stepped structures
constructed with outside
staircases and a temple or The last great
shrine at the top for Mesopotamian city-
worshipping the gods of empire of the ancient age.
nature.
 JERICHO

KHIROKITIA CATAL HUYUK

MESOPOTAMIA SUMERIAN

ZIGGURAT BABYLONIAN
Architecture was
characterized by mud- An apprtment in an
brick buildings. Stone was Assyrian Palace also
used for carved referred as the private
monumental decorative chamber.
sculptures.

Characterized by a
synthesis of architectural
elements of surrounding “The city of the Persians”
countries, such as Assyria,
Egypt, and Ionian Greece.

Characterized by the axial

planning of massive
masonry tombs and
temples, the use of
trabeated construction with A tomb for the nobility or
precise stonework, and the members of the royal
decoration of battered walls family.
with pictographic carvings
in relief.
Base on the image below, what part of
Mastaba is number 9 called ?

An edifice or place
dedicated to the worship
or presence of a deity.
 ASSYRIAN HARAM

PERSIAN PERSEPOLIS

EGYPTIAN MASTABA

SARCOPHAGUS TEMPLE
An ancient Egyptian
An ancient Egyptian
temple for the worship of a
temple for offerings and
deity.
worship of a deceased
person, usually a deified
king.

An Egyptian monolithic
A figure of an imaginary four-sided standing stone,
creature having the body tapering to a pyramidical
of a lion and the head of a cap (a pyramidion), often
man, ram, or hawk. inscribed with hieroglyphs
and erected as a
monument.

A gateway guarding a
sacred precinct consisting
of either a pair of tall A large hall having many
truncated pyramids and a columns in rows
doorway between them, supporting a flat roof, and
often decorated with sometimes a clerestory.
painted reliefs.

A massive masonry
A freestanding stone structure having a
canopy structure rectangular base and four
supported by columns in smooth, steeply sloping
Egyptian architecture. sides facing the cardinal
points and meeting at an
apex.
CULT TEMPLE MORTUARY TEMPLE

SPHINX OBELISK

PYLON HYPOSTYLE HALL

PYRAMID

KIOSK
The first architect recorded What are the three forms
in history. of pyramid?

Erected on the west bank

of Nile River; built of local
A pyramid-type whose stone on a core of rock with
sides are stepped with tiers casing blocks of limestone;
rather than smooth, in 480 feet tall with a square
Egypt predating the true base measuring 756 feet
pyramids on a side.

Major public buildings

A Bronze Age civilization were built with limestone
flourished in Crete. Named and marble. Blocks of
after King Minos of stone were held in place by
Knossos. bronze or iron pins set into
molten lead.

single-storey dwelling with

a central room and
porticoed entrance; What are the three phases
columns support roof; of Greek Architecture
thalamus (bedroom).
 • BENT PYRAMID
• STEP PYRAMID
• STRAIGHT-
SIDED/SLOPED
IMHOTEP
PYRAMID

STEP PYRAMID PYRAMIDS OF GIZA

MINOAN GREEK

• AEGEAN
MEGARON • HELLENIC
• HELLENISTIC
"City on the height." In
classical Greek
architecture, a city The sacred area or
stronghold or fortress enclosure surrounding a
constructed on higher classical Greek temple.
ground than surrounding
urban fabric.

A monumental gateway to
a sacred enclosure, Built from 447-438 B.C. in
fortification, town or honor of Athena, the city’s
square. patron goddess.

An order is one of the What are the orders of

predominating styles in ancient Greek classical
classical architecture. architecture?

Named after the city of

Corinth, where sculptor Also kore, a carved statue
Callimachus supposedly of a draped female figure
invented it after he spotted which functions as a
boblet surrounded by column.
leaves.
 TEMENOS

ACROPOLIS

PROPYLAEA

PARTHENON

• IONIC
THE GREEK ORDERS • DORIC
• CORINTHIAN

CORINTHIAN

CARYATID
A market or meeting place Designed for the
in a Greek city, the hub of presentation of plays in
public life where the most which choral songs and
important public buildings dances were prominent
were situated. features.

Senate house; A public An ancient Greek

town hall for the citizens of elongated sports venue
ancient Greece, containing with rounded ends,
state banquet halls and surrounded on all sides by
hospitality suites. banked spectator stands;
venue for foot racing.

A Greek dwelling-type
whose open courtyard is
An ancient Greek centre surrounded by colonnades
for sports, with buildings, on all sides, often more
playing areas and baths. luxurious than a prostas or
pastas house.

A rectilinear town layout in

which blocks of dwellings Influenced by the
are divided up by narrow Etruscans, and combined
side streets linked together
their use of the arch, vault,
by wider main roads,
and dome with the Greeks’
developed by the Ionian
columns.
Hippodamus of Miletus in
the 5th century BC.
 AGORA THEATRON

PRYTANEION STADION

PERISTYLE

GYMNASION

HIPPODAMIAN GRID ROMAN

SYSTEM
 A Roman building-type,
used as a meeting place,
Oldest forum in Rome
courthouse, marketplace,
and lecture hall.

A classical arena for

gladiatorial contests and
spectacles consisting of an A Roman theatre building
oval or round space or structure
surrounded by tiered
seating for spectators.

A large arched monument

constructed in a public In Roman architecture, a
urban place to long U-shaped or enclosed
commemorate a great arena for chariot and horse
event, usually a victory in racing; Greek hippodrome.
war.

A bridge or other structure

designed to convey fresh
water, usually a canal or Main storm drainage
river supported by piers system; one of the world’s
and arches, or a tunnel; earliest sewage system.
from the Latin, aquae
ductus, ‘conveyance of
water’.
FORUM ROMANUM
BASILICA

AMPHITHEATER THEATRUM

TRIUMPHAL ARCH CIRCUS

AQUEDUCT DRAINAGE
A Roman masonry and A Roman dwelling type in
concrete tenement block which the building mass
for the labouring classes surrounds a main central
space, the atrium, open to
the sky.

A main part of an Early

The final phase of Roman Christian Basilica also
architecture. Christianity referred to as “central aisle”
became the state religion.

A space, area or separate

building of a church or Circular or polygonal plans
cathedral, containing a for churches, tombs, and
font where baptism takes baptisteries.
place.

Characterized by masonry
construction, round
arches, shallow domes Also called “Roman-like”
carried on pendentives, architecture. known in
and the extensive use of England as Norman
rich frescoes, and colored architecture.
glass mosaics to cover
whole interiors.
 INSULA ATRIUM HOUSE

EARLY CHRISTIAN NAVE

BYZANTINE
ARCHITECTURE

BAPTISTERY

BYZANTINE ROMANESQUE
ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE
Referred as “Style Ogivale”.
A large and principal
Progressive lightening and
church of a diocese
heightening of structure
(made possible by the
flying buttress)

What is the figure shown

below?
A vault constructed of
structural arched stone
members or ribs with an
infill of masonry.

Also known as Lancet, First

Pointed or Early
Plantagenet. Use of lancet-
A rib crossing a shaped arches and plate
compartment of a rib vault tracery (tracery using
on a diagonal. masonry into which
shapes has been cut).

What is the name of the

structure shown below?

What are the three Phases

of French Gothic?
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
CATHEDRAL

FLYING BUTTRESSES RIB/RIBBED VAULT

EARLY ENGLISH
DIAGONAL RIB

• A LANCETTES
• RAYONANT NOTRE DAME
• FLAMBOYANT CATHEDRAL
Developed during the 3 Phases of renaissance
rebirth of classical art and Architecture
learning in Europe.

Who is the architect of of

the structure below?

Adoption of Classical detail

and ornamentation.

Who designed the

structure shown below?
The pinnacle of classical
simplicity and harmony in
Renaissance art and
architecture.

What is the name of the

structure below? French word meaning
bizarre, fantastic, or
irregular. It was deliberate
in its attempt to impress,
and was most lavish of all
styles.
 RENAISSANCE • EARLY RENAISSANCE
ARCHITECTURE • HIGH RENAISSANCE
• LATE RENAISSANCE

LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI

EARLY RENAISSANCE

ANDREA PALLADIO
HIGH RENAISSANCE

ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL, BAROQUE

VATICAN CITY
Final phase of the Baroque; Revival of using Greek and
It was associated with Roman orders as
lightness, swirling forms, decorative motifs. Simple,
flowing lines, ornate stucco strongly geometric
work, and arabesque composition.
ornament.

Symmetrical plans and

eclectic use of
architectural features.
Often gives a massive,
Revived the spirit and
elaborate, and
forms of Gothic
ostentatious effect.
architecture.

An approach to urban
planning characterized by
monumentally placed
Who is the proponent of buildings, grand
City Beautiful Movement? promenades, spacious
plazas, and classical
sculpture.

The invention of elevator

and more sophisticated
Who is the architect that
heating, plumbing, and
said “Form follows
electric lighting systems
function”?
made the higher spaces as
accessible and
comfortable as the lower
ones.
 ROCOCO NEOCLASSICISM

BEAUX-ARTS
GOTHIC REVIVAL ECLECTICISM

CITY BEAUTIFUL
DANIEL BURNHAM MOVEMENT

SKYSCRAPERS LOUIS SULLIVAN

 What is the name of the
structure below?
This architect believed that
buildings should be spread
out horizontally?

Also called Style Moderne. “New Art;” based on the

Uses bold colors and return to craftsmanship
synthetic materials and the integration of art,
(plastics). design, and architecture.

He combined Moorish and

Gothic elements with A European movement
naturalistic forms, their that generated jagged and
textured, undulating dynamic forms in both
shapes recall waves, sea painting and architecture.
coral, and fish bones.

“The Style”; use of black

and white with the primary Expression of construction
colors rectangular forms, was to be the basis for all
and asymmetry (inspired building design;
by a Mondrian painting). emphasizes on functional
machine parts.
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT FALLINGWATER
(KAUFFMAN HOUSE)

ART DECO ART NOUVEAU

ANTONI GAUDI EXPRESSIONISM

DE STIJL CONSTRUCTIVISM
A building should be
functional, harmonizes Who is the architect that
with its natural said “The house is a
environment, and forms machine for living”?
an integrated whole.

What is the name of the

structure below?

What are the five points of

architecture?

Best known for developing

boxy, steel-and-glass
architecture for nearly A renewed appreciation for
every purpose - from the rich traditions of
houses to skyscrapers. architecture past.

Where is this structure located?

Once an advocate of the
International Style,
became one of
postmodernism’s biggest
promoters.
ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE LE CORBUSIER

• PILOTIS
• OPEN PLAN
VILLA SAVOYE • FREE FAÇADE
• RIBBON WINDOWS
• ROOF GARDEN

POSTMODERNISM
MIES VAN DER ROHE

VIRGINIA PHILIP JOHNSON

 Used to describe massive
This 5 architects are modern architecture built
leading the modern revival of reinforced concrete,
group, also referred as the with the concrete’s rough,
New York Five abrasive surfaces left
exposed.

Using the technology of Using bent, angled and

building in a highly exploded forms to
expressive way. represent the uncertainty
of our times.

Sustainable design,
considering land use,
transportation issues, Characterized by Hindu
energy efficiency, indoor and Buddhist monuments
ecology and waste
reduction when designing
buildings.

A Buddhist memorial
mound to enshrine a relic
Large underground or of Buddha. Dome-shaped
partly underground mound on a platform,
chamber used by the men crowned by a chattri,
for religious ceremonies or surrounded by an
councils. ambulatory (stone vedika),
with four toranas.
• PETER EISENMAN
• MICHAEL GRAVES
• CHARLES GWATHMEY BRUTALISM
• JOHN HEJDUK
• RICHARD MEIER

HIGH TECH DECONSTRUCTIVISM

GREEN ARCHITECTURE INDIAN ARCHITECTURE

KIVA STUPA
Elaborately carved, Belief in a Supreme Being
ceremonial gateway in and adherence to certain
Indian Buddhist and concepts such as Truth,
Hindu architecture with dharma, karma,
two or three lintels reincarnation, and belief in
between two posts. the authority of the Vedas
(sacred scriptures).

What is the name of the

structure below?
A smaller temple, inner
space does not reveal
which deity might have
been the object of worship.

Diverse architecture
Characterized by pit
caused by differences in
dwellings and fine pottery
geographic and climatic
painted in geometric
conditions. System of
designs.
wood frame construction.

Monumental gateway to a
palace, tomb, or sacred A Chinese pagoda.
place in China
 TORANA HINDUISM

ANGKOR WAT PAWON TEMPLE

CHINESE ARCHITECTURE YANG-SHAO

PAILOU TA
A palace complex
including temples, Fortified wall to protect
reception halls, residences, China against nomads
and service buildings in from the north.
China.

The interaction of two Interlocking bracket

opposing and system used in traditional
complementary principles Chinese construction to
support roof beams.

Characterized by a
synthesis of seminal ideas Modification and
from China and native naturalization of ideas and
conditions producing a institutions introduced
distinct style. from China.

Style of Shinto shrine Monumental freestanding

embodying the original gateway on the approach
style of Japanese building. to a Shinto shrine.
 FORBIDDEN CITY GREAT WALL OF CHINA

DOUGONG

YIN-YANG

JAPANESE HEIAN PERIOD

ARCHITECTURE

SHIMMEI-ZUKURI TORII
Japanese pagoda, also
butto or toba. “The White Heron.”

A linear unit for regulating

column spacing in Mosque as a distinct
traditional Japanese building type.
construction.

Muslim building or place of Genral term for a mosque

public worship.

“Place of (community) Tower attached to the

prayer”; A great open mosque; where the
praying area with nothing muezzin calls the Muslim
but a qibla wall and a people to prayer.
mihrab.
 S

HIMEJI CASTLE
TO

KEN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

MOSQUE MASJID

IDGAH MINARET
 blended traditions from
Islamic architecture of India and Islam. (Mughal
North Africa (regions of Period, golden age of
Spain under Moorish Islamic architecture in
domination). northern India.)

Built by Shah Jahan as a

tomb for his wife, Mumtaz Using bent, angled and
Mahal. Also called “Crown exploded forms to
Palace” represent the uncertainty
of our times.

The site to first establish Indigenous Filipinos who

the presence of humans in still continue the primeval
the Philippines during the practice of living in caves
Pleistocene. to his date.

What is the name of the

structure below?

Rock-hewn fortresses in
Batanes.
MOORISH ARCHITECTURE
MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE

HIGH TECH TAJ MAAHAL

THE TABON CAVE TAU’T BATU

IDJANG KALINGA TREE HOUSE

Exemplifies the
commonest building
techniques based on the
Traditional Isneg house.
forms and materials of a
particular historical period,
region, or group of people.

Traditional Kankanai Traditional lowland

house, for the wealthy. dwelling, northern and
central regions.

Traditional Badjao boat- Traditional Maranao house,

house. ancestral residence of the
datu and his extended
family.

A system of streets and

blocks laid out in a grid
Forced urbanization and pattern, with uniform
resettlement. precision.
 BINURON

VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE

BINANGIYAN
BAHAY KUBO

LEPA TOROGAN

CUADRICULA
REDUCCION
Grid pattern of streets with Characterized by heavy
the main plaza at the stone walls, moats, and
center surrounded by the grid road layouts. Bastions,
church, the tribunal, other keeps, and watchtowers
government buildings, were also built to cover
and the marketplace. blind spots.

Oldest established
university in Asia. The oldest lighthouse in
the Philippines; also
known as the San Nicolas
lighthouse.

A housing prototype which

combined elements of the
A new hybrid-type of
indigenous and Hispanic
construction, coined by
building traditions to
Jesuit Francisco Ignacio
prevent the dangers posed
Alcina, which refers to
by fire, earthquakes and
structures built partly of
cyclones.
wood and partly of stone.

Familiar local architecture

icons from Hispanized
colonial structures overlaid The main American
with a neoclassical ground unit in the
massing. Philippines.
 PLAZA COMPLEX
FORTRESSES

UNIVERSITY OF STO.
TOMAS, MANILA THE PASIG FAROLA

BAHAY NA BATO ARQUITECTURA MESTIZA

TROPICAL HYBRID FORT WILLIAM MCKINLEY

DESIGN
Way of introducing the trussed bars were placed
concept of toilet among within concrete moulds for
the dwellers of the bahay floor slabs and beams.
kubo.

scholarship launched by
Set of mass-produced the government that
model schoolhouses. allowed Filipino students
to pursue university
education in the United
States.

First Filipino architect with First registered architect in

an academic degree from the Philippines
abroad

First Filipino to be
the first architectural employed by the
school in the Philippines. Americans as one of their
architectural advisors.
 CUBETA KAHN TRUSS SYSTEM

GABALDON PENSIONADO PROGRAM

SCHOOLHOUSES

CARLOS BARETTO TOMAS MAPUA

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF ARCADIO ARELLANO

TECHNOLOGY, 1925
 Aims to provide the
He also became president
workingmen and
of the Philippine Institute
permanent employees
of Architects.
with homes at reasonable
cost.

Type of architecture
Capital cities, institutional
thatprovided the image
buildings, and national
that represented growth,
monuments as symbols of
progress, advancement,
national power.
and decolonization.

Significant events in
science fueled faith in A roof structure in which
technology and this was strength and stiffness is
transcoded in architecture derived from pleated or
and design. folded geometry.

intertwined with the

Subdivision development
incorporation of attributes
went full blast, patterned
of the region’s endemic
after the American
and traditionally built
suburbia (automobile
environment.
culture).
 PABLO ANTONIO BARRIO OBRERO

MODERN ARCHITECTURE STATE ARCHITECTURE

SPACE AGE FOLDED PLATE

ARCHITECTURE

SUBURBIA AND THE REGIONAL TROPICALISM

BUNGALOW
What is the name of the Masonry that is perforated,
building below? pierced, or lattice-like;
functioned mainly as
diffusers of light and
doubled as exterior
decorative meshes.

Or sun breakers; an Manila Ordinance No. 4131

architectural baffle device allowed maximum height
placed outside windows or of buildings to be
projected over the entire increased from
surface of a building’s _____________ meters.
façade.

Considered as the first Introduced the use of

skyscraper in the exposed aggregate finish.
Philippines.

A nostalgic attempt to
recreate a style from the
past. “Folk architecture” “Golden Age of Philippine
and the bahay kubo Architecture”
became architectural
archetypes.
 SAN MIGUEL
CORPORATION BUILDING PIERCED SCREENS

BRISE SOLEIL 30-45 METERS

PICACHE BUILDING, CRESENCIANO DE

MANILA CASTRO

NEO VERNACULAR MARCOS REGIME

 Characterized by an overt
A cultural-convention application of historical
facility on land reclaimed references and blunt
from the historic Manila symbolism.
Bay

Who is the architect of

An economic program Rssensa Towers in Taguig?
which aimed to elevate the
nation to the status of a
“newly industrialized
country”

Fascination with cutting- Exaggerating

edge technology and sleek contradictions in
machine iconography, geometric compositions.
cybertopia inspired.

become an urban fixture

Self-contained total generating new urban
environments, Disney- spatial experiences under
fication. a singular, enclosed
domain.
 CCP COMPLEX PLURALISM

PHILIPPINES 2000 I.M. PEI

HIGH-TECH DECONSTRUCTION
ARCHITECTURE

MICRO-CITIES MEGAMALLS