CHAPTER

Simplification

SIMPLE ARITHMETICOPERATIONS Solution: Given expression

formulated
Itis a commonneed to simpl1ty the expressions
according to thestatements of the problems related to prac
tical life. To do this, it is essential to follow in sequence the
mathematical operations given by the term, ´BODMAS'.
BODMAS
Each letter of the word BODMAS stands as follows:
B for Bracket
There are four brackets, namely, -i.e., bar, ( ), {} 16 69
and [ ]. They are removed, strictly in the order -,), } 8
and [1.
17 16 9 16 69
O for Of of
2 5 3 8
Dfor Division
Mfor Multiplication 17 16 69
A
for Addition + 2 8
S for Subtraction

The order of various operations in exercises involving

brackets and fractions must be strictly performed accord
ing to the order of the letters of the word BODMAS. 16+1035 17 1051
120 2 120

Notes 1020 1051 31

120 120
Here, -5-8=-3) =3.
llustration 2 Simplify
llustration 1Simplify
 1.40 PART! Arithnneti

Solution: Gren cxpressIOn - (2.45 -0,45) [':: a-2ab +b = (a-h

13 10 = (2)' = 4.
3 33
(iii) 7x{(146+92) +(146 92) }
l6 13 16 [13 (146) + (92)
Solution: Given expression
7x2{(146)' +(92)}
(146)' +(92)
Use of Algebraic Formulae [:: (a+ b)' + (a - b)'= 2(a +6
The following formulae are sometimes found useful indeal = 14.
ig with the simplifications: (0.345 + 0.255)' - (0.345 -0.255)
(iv)
0.345 x1.02
1. (a+ b =a+ 2ab + b?
(a- ) =a-2ab +6²
Solution: Given expression
3. (a- b+ (a- b)= 2(a' +b?) (0.345 + 0.255)' -(0.345 0.255)'
4. (a+b -(a- bj'= 4ab 4x0.345 x0.255
5. a-b =(a+ b) (a - b) 4x0.345 x0.255
4x0.345 x0.255 [: (a+ b) -(a-b) = 4ab]
6. (a+ b)' =a +3a'b+ 3ab + b =1,
=a +b + 3ab(a + )
7. (a- b) =a -3a°b + 3ab' -b (v)
0.682 x0.682-0.318x0.318
=a-b - 3abla - b) 0.682 0.318
8. a+ b = (a+ b) (a- ab +b) Solution: Given expression
9. a- b = (a- b) (a +ab +b²)
(0.682)² -(0.318)°
10.
a+b' -3abc 0.682 0.318
a +b +c- ab bc- ca = (a+b+ c).
a'-b'
11. a-a = (a +b) (a +b)(a- b). = (0.682 +0.318)
a-b -=atb|
=1.
Illustration 3 Simplify the following (3.29) - (0.81)²
() 0.32 x 0.32 + 0.64 x 0.68 + 0.68 x 0.68 (vi) 4
Solution: Given expression Solution: Given expression
=0.32 x0.32 + 2x0.32 x0.68 +0.68 x 0.68 (3.29) -(0.81)?
=(0.32)+2x0.32 x 0.68 + (0.68)' 3.29 +0,81

= (0.32 + 0.68)' [: d+ 2ab + b =(a+ b) = (3.29-0.81) a+b

= 1'=1.
=2.48.
(iü) 2.45 × 2.45 -0.9 x 2.45 + 0.45 × 0,45
(0.65)
Solution: Given expression (vii) (2.35)' + 1.95 >x (2.35) + 7.05 x (0.65) +
Solution: Given expression
=2.45 >x 2.45 - 2x2.45 x0.45 +0.45 x 0.45
x2.35 x (0.65)' +(0.6)
= (2.45)-2x 2.45 x 0.45 + (0.45) = (2.35) +3x0.65 x (2.35² +3
 1.41
Chapter 4 Simplification

=(2.35 +0.65)³ [:+3a'b +3ab' + }'=(a+ b) 0.62 × 0,62 x 0.62 --0,41×0.41x0.41

(x)
=(3)'=27. 0.62 x 0.62 +0.62 >x0,41+0.41+0.41
(4.32) -0.96 x(4.32)° +12.96 x(0.32) -(0.32)' Solution: Given cxpression
(vii) 4x4x4 (0.62)' -(0.41)
Solution: Given expression (0.62) +0.62 x 0.41+ (0.41'
(4.32)' -3x0.32 x(4.32)² +3x4.32x(0.32) -(0.32) a'-b
=(0.62 -0,41) +ab +b'
4x4x4

(4.32-0.32)' =0.21.
4
[:a'-3a'b+ 3ab' -b' =(a-by
(xi)
(2.3' +(1.5) +(1.2)'-3x2.3 x1.5x1.2
2.3 x2.3+1.5x1.5+1.2x1.2-2.3x1.5- 2.3x1.2-1.5x1.2

885x 885x 885 +115x115xU5

Solution: Given expression
(ix)
885 x885+115x115-885 >x115
(2.3) +(1.5)' +(1.2)-3x2.3x1.5x1.2
Solution: Given expression (2.3) +(1.5)' +(1.2) -2.3 x1.5 - 2.3x 1.2-1.5x1.2
(885)' +(115) =(2.3+1.5+ 1.2)
(885) +(115) -885 x1 15 a' +b' +c-3abc
a'+b' +c - ab- ac- bc =a+btcl
a +b
= (885 + 115)
=5.

= 1000. Surds and Indices

a' is called, 'a surd' if n is a fraction and a is called,'an

index'ifn is an integer. ais called, 'the base'.

SHORTCUT METHODS SOME USEFUL SHORTCUT METHODS

L1. a xa=amtn
2. a" + a= a"n
3. (a"y = (ay" = an

4.

5. a b= "x b'
6. (Va) =a, where 'n' is a +ve integer and 'a'a +ve rational number.
7. alb = ab. where n'is a +ve integer and 'a', 'b' are rational numbers.
numbers.
8 where 'n' is a +ve integer and 'a', b' are rational

9. Va = ma = a. where m',n' are +ve integers and 'a' is a +ve rational number.
10. /ay =at =am, where 'm', n','k' are+ve integers and 'a' is a+ve rational number.
 7.42 PART I Arithmetic

11. Vaxva =a
12. Vax o=ab
13. (Va +vb)' =a+b+ 2Nab
14. (va-vb) =a+h- 2vab
15. a+Vb=c+Nd ’a=cand b= d.
1
16. Va+o
Va (va-vbVa+vo) a-b

17. Va-vb
Vatb (va+vbXVa -Nb) a-b
18. Ifr=n(n+1). then

(a) Va-r-x-...0 =n and

(b) Vx++r+ ...0 = (n+1)

illustration 4 Find the value of (243)0 + (243)04. llustration 7 Find the value of xif /2x- 7 -3= 0.
Solution: (243)0 + (243,04 = (243,0.8-0.4 Solution: We have

= (243,0.4
/2x-7-3=0’2x-7 =3
(2x-7)° =39
(3$) =3² =9. 2x-7= 243
lilustration 5 Find the value of (27) (64)3 2x =250 or, x= 125.

Solution: (27)+ (64) *3 = (3x (64)3 llustration 8 Find the value of V64 x 512.
[::a" + b"= d"x B"] Solution: /64 x512
= /64x512 [::axb= Vab]
=9x (4)=9x 256 =2304.
= /8 x3 =8 =8. [:a =a]
-llustration 6 Find the value of(-3)(-2) 2)(4)
(2Y-2=)
llustration 9 Find the value of /729.
(-2))
Soiution: (-3)-2)3/
Solution: /i/729 =729
= (9)2 = V3 =3. [: Va = a]
= (81)*
lllustration 10 Findthe value of
 Chapter 4 Simplification 1.43
Solution: Given expression
llustration 13 Iaand b arc rational numbers, find the
values of a and b in the following cquation.
a+byo

Solution:
llustration 11 Find the value of V5 xDs
Solution: vSx25 = v625 [: Vaxo= vab) (V3+V2)
=25.
3+2+2/3x2 5+2v6
1
-llustration 12 Simplify cach of the following by ratio 3-2
nalizing the denominators. =5+2/6
1
(ii) V3+V2 =a+by6 ’5+2V6 =a+bv6.
V48 +18 3-V2
Solution: On equating rational and irrational parts, we get
12-VB a=5 and b=2.
2+3 2+3 2-N3 llustration 14 Find the value of
2-N3
(2) -(V3) V2+V72+/72.a2-I2-V2-.
2-3 =2-3.
4-3 Solution: Since 72=9x8,

7N3-5V2 therefore, 72+72+72+...co =9

(iü)
V48 +V18 4°x3+3 x2 Also, since 12 =4x3

7V3-5V2 73-5V2443-32 therefore,y12-12-12-...co =3.

4/3+3/2 4/3 +3V2 4V3-3/2 9
Thus, the given expression==3.
3
(NB-5V2y4/5-3V2)
(4V3+3/2X4/3-3N2) Fractions

7V3x4v3-73x3N2-5/2x43+5V2 x3W2 Continued Fraction

(4V3) -(3V2) Fractions of the form 7+:

2
3
28V3x3-2iW3x2-20V2x3+15V2x2 5+
2
4+
16x3-9x2
3+
4
28x3-21xV6-2046 +15x2
48-18
are called, 'continued fractions'.
To simplify a continued fraction, we start from the
84-(21x20)W6 +30 114 41/6 bottom and work upwards.
30 30
 1.44 PARTI Arithmctic

lustration 15 Simplify 3 (b) If the numerators of the

44 the largest is one whose fractions are
64
smallest. denominator sameis the
Solution: 3 |llustration 17 Which is the largest fraction
44
9
44
7 following?
5 5
among1
and
2
20 2'7
5
Multiply the numerator and Solution: 2
denominator of the lowest term
by 3to gct
6. 2 (c) If neither the
numerators
tors of the fractions are
nor thedenoming
same, then they are
=3 1
1
converted into equivalent fractions of the
same denominator by taking the L.C.M, aF
28 the
4+
44
33
denominators the
of
the fractions are given fractions. Then
4 compared according to (1).
[Multiplv the numerator and
denominator of the lowest term llustration 18 Which is the
by 4 to get
28
following? largest fraction among t
12 4
=3-33
2'3' and
160 Solution: L.C.M. of 2, 3, 5 and 8 = 120.
[Multiply the numerator and denominator of the term lx60 60
28
by 33 1o get3 2 2x60 120
Then,
33
2 2x40 80
480-33 447 , 127 3 3x40 120
160 160 -2 160
4 4x24 96
Comparison of Fractions 5x24 120
The following points are
or more fractions. found useful while 5 5x15 75
comparing two and,
8 8x15 120
HZ(a) If thedenominators of the Now, the denominator of these fractions are same and th
the largest is one fractions are
whose numerator issame, largest numerator is 96. Hence, the largest 96
largest. the fraction is
4 1220
that is, .
|lustration 16 Which is the largest fraction among the
following? 2 (d) Two fractions can also be compared by
multipliation method.
37
and
7 8°8
Solution:
8
 Chapter 4 Simplification 1.45

b |llustration 21 Which oncthe following fractions is the

lllustration 19 Which is greater 13 greatest?
3 4 5 67
Solution: g'u'4'17' 20
cross--multipling the twO given fractions incrcase in numerator
Step 1.Bv Solution: Since, increase in denominator - is less than
3

3 3
13 the first fraction therefore, the first fraction is the

and 13 xS=65 grcatest.

we get ó × 7= 42
and in 65, the uerator
Step 2. Since 65 1s greater than 42 |llustration 22 Which of the following fractions is the
least?
ofis included
2 4 6 8

-is greater than s'11'17'23

13
increase in numerator
is less
Solution: Since, increase in denominator 6 3
2 (e) If the difference of the numerator and
denominator of each of the given fractions 2
therefore, the last fraction is
than the first fraction
be same,then the fraction of the largest 5 23
numerator is the smallest. the least.

Inserting a fraction between two given fractions.

llustration 20 Which of the following fraction is the
To insert a fraction between two given fractions
largest? b,
2 3 5 9 and the following steps may be useful.
and
3'4'6 10
Step 1 The numerators of the two given fractions are
Solution: In each of the given fractions, the difference added to get the numerator of the resulting
between the numerator and denominator is same and the
9
fraction, that is, a, t a,.
largest numerator is 9. The largest fraction is Step 2 The denominators of the two given frac
10
tions are added to get the denominator of the
resulting fraction, that is, b, + b,.
X Ita x+ 2a
() In the given fractions, a, + a,
y'y+b y+ 2b Step 3 The resulting fraction =
Xt na
where a <b
y+nb
2 4
Increase in Numerator illustration 23 Insert a fraction betweenand
(a) If > first fraction,
Increase in Denominator 7
the last value is the greatest. Solution: By using the given method,
Increase in Numerator 2 2+4 4 2 6 4 2 14
(b) If < first fraction,
Increase in Denominator s'5+7'7'127s'2'7°
the last value is the least. 5 9
llustration 24 Insert three fractions between 7
and
11
Increase in Numerator
(c) If = first fraction,
Increase in Denominator Solution: By using the given method,
all values are equal. 5 5+9 9 5 14 9
7'7+11'11 7'18'11
 1.46 PART I Arithmetic

$ 7 9 5 3 7 4 9
Or. Or

Further.
7°4'9'5T
5 5477749 9 5 12 7 16 9 Thus, the three fractions inserted between 9
and
4 7 1 are
7749o'9+11`1 7 16 9`20`11 and
5

EXERCISES
1. Simplifv:
27 27
(a) (b)
16 32
27 107
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d)
64 112
(c) 0 (d) 3
2
8 Simplify: 1-[2-{5 (4-3-2)}1
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
7
(a) (b)

(c)
5 3

(d) None of these

9.

(a)
-e-9-«-3-(}
33
(b)
55
71 17
3.
48-12xofof=?
(a) 9 (b) 12
(c)
13
17
(d) None of these
(c) 15 (d) None of these 69842 x 69842 -30158x30158
10. =?
4. Simplify: 69842-30158
2 [2 + 2+ (2 + 2+ (2 +2+3)}] (a) 100000 (b) 69842
(a) 13/15 (b) 17/15 (c) 39684 (d) 30158
(c) 11/I5 (d) None of these
11. Simplify - 1
2+
3 2+
1
(a) (b) 2
4 4
2
4 -1
(c) (d) None of these (a)
3 (b)
0.8×0.8 ×0.8-0.5×0,5 x0.5
(c) 1
6. The simplification of 0.8×0.8+0.8x0.5 +0.5x 0.5 6 (d)
4
gives:
(b) 0.4 The value of 2.75× 2.75 x 2.75
(a) 0.8 12.
2.75X -2.25>x 2.25 X
(c) 0.3 (d) 0.13 is:
2.75+2.75 x 2.25+2.25XD
(a) 0.30
7. The simplification of (c) 3.00 (b) 0.50
yields: (d) S.00
 Chapter 4 Simplification 1.47

20. The simplification ofl + yields the result

-4+ 20 1
2 |+
13.
x4+ 20 3
2
7
(a)
(b) (a) (b) z
161 5 (d) None of these
(c) (d) 1 (c)
176 4
7
0.53 x 0.53-2x0.53 x0.41+0.41x0.41 Which of the following fractions is less than and
21.
14. Evaluate 0.53 x 0.41
greater than
(a) 0.16 (b) 0.8 3
(c) 0.12 (d) None of these 1 23
(a) (b) 24
9 x18 4
The value of is:
17
15. 36 1
(c) (d) 24
4 12
(a (0)

16 32 22. How many s8 are there in 37?

2
(c) (d)
81 243 (a) 300 (b) 400
(c) S00 (d) Cannot be determined.
16. The simplification ofl+ yields the result: 1
1 23. In a college, th of the girls and th of the boys took
2+ 5 8
1
part in a social camp. What part of the total number of
students in the college took part in the camp?
2 7 13
(b) 13
(a) (a (b)
7 40 80
13
(d) 2
(c) 7 (c) (d) Data inadequate
13

17. 108 +? of 24.

or~x1of 1-;=?
(a) 15 (b) 63 1
(c) 24 (d) 36 (a) 3 (b) 2
24
1
18. The value ofl+1+ 4v23 Up to four (c) 4 (d) None of these
4x3 4x3² 30
places of decimals is:
(a) 1.1202 (b) 1.1203 25. When simplified, the product
(c) 1.1204 (d) None of these 999
19.
3
is
48 what part o 1
(-2-) 1001
is equal to:

991 1001
3 (a) (b) 13
(a) (b) 1001
7
1003 (d) None of these
3 (c)
(c) (d) None of these 3
4
 1.48 PART I Arithmetic

1
26. The valuc of + is: 34.
1.2.3 2.3.4 3.4.5 4.5.6
7

(a) (a) 32
30 (b) ; 5
13
(c)
30 (d) None of these (c) 4 (d) 4!
6
27. 1S1sx3+6=1+?
3 6 3 35. The simplification of 0.67 x0.67 x0.67-0.001
18
0.67 x0.67+0.067+0.013
(a) 39 (a) 0.57
(6) 137 (c) 0.68
(b) 0.66
(d) 0.77
(c) 29
9 (d) None of these 36. In a certain college, the number of girls is twice
number of boys. th of the girls and th
s--9-fa-9(2*)}
28. 1
of the
took part in a social camp.
13 ber of students took part inWhat part of the total n
the camp?
(a) 68
17 (b) 7 7
13 (a)
17 40 (b)
(c) 13 80
13 (d) 2 1
68 (c) (d)
12
24
29. If the numbers 3 2 3
5'34 are given, then we can say that: 37. If we multiply a fraction by itself and
divide the p
uct by its reciprocal, the fraction thus
(a)
2
26
obtaine
4 53 (b) 18 The fraction is:
4 27
3 3 3
(c) 2 3 8
(d) (a)
4 3
3 4 27 (b) 2
30. (272-32)(124 +176) =? (e) 13
17x15-15 (d) None of these
(a) 0
(b) 2.25 38. Which of the following numbers is the greatest!
(c) 300 (d) None of these
(a) (0.3) (b) 1+0.3
31. If then 3a+2b is equal to:
b 2 3a-2b
(a) 3 (c) (d) Vo.49
(b) -3
(c) -5 (d) -1 39,
What fraction must be subtracted from the S
32. (20 + 5)+2+(16+8) x2+(10 + 5) x(3 + 2)
=? and to have an 1
(a) 9 (b) 12 4 6 average of of all the t
(c) 15 (d) 18 fractions? 12

5 8 3 (a)
33. 2 (b)
3
7 (c)
(a) (b) 4
(d) !
6 6
(c) 1 (d) None of these
 Chapter 4 Simplification 1.49

6 5 =?
Aperson was to multiply afraction by
7 Instcad, he 48. Ifxxy= (*+ 2)' (y - 2), then(b)7 x243
40. (a) 234
divided and got an answer which excecds the correct (d) 423
(c) 343
121, then
answer by7
-The correct answer is: 49. Ifm andn are whole numbers such that m'=
(m - 1y"*=?
6 36
(a) 10 (b) 10
(a) (b) 91 (d) 10
13 (c) 10
7 fractions
(c) 13 (d) Nonc of these 50. Between two fractions - and, how many
are there in all?
1 1 (b) Zero
-=? (a) Four
41.
2+N2+75 2-2
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) Sixteen (d) Infinite

(c) 0 (d) Cannot be determined 51. A boy was asked to multiply a given number by 17
and got the result 225
42. The value
of 1, + 1, 1 1 -is correct to Instead, he divided it by 17
2 2.3 2.3.4 2.3.4.5
more than what he should have got if he had multi
three places of decimal: 8
(a) 0.713 (b) 0.715 plied the number by. The given number was:
(c) 0.717
?+12
(d) 0.718
(a) 8 (b) 17
(d) 136
-
43. -= 2 (c) 64
0.2 x3.6 1 1
(a) 17.82 (b) 17.22 52. The value of - + + t..+ is:
(d) 17.12 1.2 2.3 3.4 9.10
(c) 17.28
11
44. V?x7x18= 84 (a) (b)
10
(a) 3.11 (b) 3.12
(d) 3.14 9 25
(c) 3.13 (c) (d)
3 10 1089
45. The difference between the sum of
12 V1296 ?
andT and the nearest whole number is: 53.
6
2.25
2 13 (a) 6 (b) 3
(a) (b (c) 9 (d) 12
15 15
11
(d) None of these 54. If we multiply a fraction by itself and divide the prod
(c) uct by its reciprocal, the fraction thus obtained is
60
26
18 The original fraction is:
46. -, find the values ofx and y. 27
8
(a) (3, 19) (b) (3, 14) (a) (b)
27
(c) (14, 3) (d) (24, 6)
47. If we multiply a fraction by itself and divide the (c) (d) None of these
product by the square of its reciprocal, the fraction 17 a+b
55. If what is equal to?
obtained is 381 The original fraction is: a+b 23' a-b
16 11 17
(a (b) (a) (b) 32
9 23
4 1 23 23
(c) (d) (c) (d) 17
3
150 PART I Arithmetic

4
A tin of ol was the full when 6 bottlcs of oil were 63, If a + b=45 and ab= 18, find +

taken out. Again, 4 bottles of oil were poured into it. 1 2

(a) (b)
ii was full. How many bottles of oil it may contain? 3 3

(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) (d) Cannot be

(c) 30 (d) 40
3 64. If
a' +b? ab determine
In an cxamination, a student was asked to find of cd' then find the value oftb in ter
14 a-b
a certain number. By mistake, he found of it. His of c and d only.
4 c+d cd
answer was 1S0 more than the correct answer. The (a) (b)
cd
given number is: c+d
(a) 180 C-d c+d
(c) 280
(b) 240 (c) (d)
c+d
(d) 290 C-d
$8. 65. (1.06 + 0.04)-? =4× 1.06 x 0.04
The value

(a)
1003
l-}|-2-)( 1003
999
1001

66.
(a) 1.04
(c) 1.5
(b) 1.4
(d)
The highest score in an inning was 2 of
Cannot be determined
(b) the total sco
1001 9
1 and the next highest was 2 of the
(c)
1001 (d) None of these remainder. The
scores differ by 8runs. What was the total
score in t
59. 1f V2" =64. then find the value of n. innings?
(a) 162 (b) 152
(a) 8 (c) 142
(c) 12
(b) 10 (d) 132
(d) 16 1
60. If 10*= 25. then what is the 67. Simplify
value of 10? 64 +(64)-2 +(-32)5
(a) -5 (b) 5
(a) 17 (6) 178
(c) 8
25 (d)
(e) None of these () 11 (d) 17
8 64 9
61.
l1x4,? = 223 68. 121 64
8 3
(a) 2.4 (b) 4.2
11 8
(c) 2.6 (d) 2.8
88
62. Simplify: (a) 31
31 (b)
I-a2 88
41
(c) 99
|-a 99 (d)
41
a-1 69.
(a) (b) When 4 of a number is
a-1
number, the remainder subtractedis from-3 of the
1
sam

(C)
2
a-1
(d)
2 (a)
(c)
144
120
obtained
(b) 72 12. The number 0S
(e) None of these (d) 63
 Chapter 4 Simplification 1.51

70.
What is the difference betwecn the largest and the (a) 48 (b) 192
smallest fractions: (c) 108 (d) 72
5 21 9 (e) Nonc of these
nd
an
2 2
8'35'16 7
75. A man completes of his journey by aeroplane,
33 15
(a) (b) by train and the rest by taxi. What part of his journey
112 37
does he complete by taxi?
13
(c) (d) 7
41 35 (a) (b)
15 15
(e) None of these
1 (c) (d) None of these
71. If a man spends 6 part of money and, again carns 15

nart of the remaining money, what part of his money

iswith him now?
1 1
76.
(---))
is the value of x?
then what

(a) (b) 4 (a) 69 (b) 35

3 (c) 20 (d) 15
(c) (d) 4 (e) 1
3
1 of:073X1.073-0.927 (3*)'x9
(e) 77, The value is:
1.073 -0.927 (27)' x (3)
1
72. Manmohan spends part of his money as pocket
(a) 2 (b)
4
money and- of the remainder in other affairs. If he is
5
left with F48 per month, what is his monthly income? (c) 2; (9) 3
(a) 360 (b) 400 (e) None of these.
(c) 320 (d) 300
22.3/3.4l4 34/3.-7/5
(e) None of these 78. The value of is:
10-1/5, 4315.6
4 3
73. If the difference between part and- part ofa num
(a) 5 (b) 6
ber is 4, what is the number? (c) 10 (d) 15
(a) 60 (b) 100 (e) None of these
(c) 80 (d) 40
(e) None of these
3
74. Ifpart of anumber is 96, what is the value of 4 part
3
of the same number?

ANSWERKEYS
1.(c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6.(c) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9.(c) 10. (a)
11. (d) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (c)
12. (b) 13. (c)
25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (c)
21.(d) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (c)
39.(d) 40. (b)
31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (b)
46.(c) 47. (c) 48. (b) 49. (c) 50. (d)
41.(a) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (a) 45. (a)
56. (d) 57. (c) 59. (c) 60. (b)
51. (d) 52. (c) 53. (c) 54. (b) 55. (c) 58. (a)
61. (a) 62. (d) 63. (c) 64. (d) 65. (a) 66. (a) 67. (a) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (a)
71. (b) 72. (d) 73. (c) 74. (c) 75. (b) 76. (e) 77. (c) 78. (c)
 1.52 PARTI Arithmetic

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS
1 (c) Given expression 9 9
3 -5 4x =2
2 2
54x
57 7
3 3 49 1 2 X=
3 21 1 4
10 7 10 10 7
3 10 1 1 1 6. (c) We know that
10 21775=0
.. The given expression =0.8 - 0.5
2. (a) Givcn expression = 0.3.
(a) Given expression
=1- (2 -{5- (4- 1)}]
=l- (2 -{5-3}]
=l-[2- 2] =1-0= 1.
9. (c) Given expression

2. 2_7

3.
=1+1x=1+*
(b) Given expression
=3+
51 13 13
4 =3+ =3x.
48+12xfof 10.
13

(a) Given expression

51 17

(69842)-(30158)'
69842 -30158

4.
=

(c) Given expression

2}=4x3=12. (69842 -30158)(69842 + 30158)
69842 -30158
= 100000.

11. (d) Given expression

15 5
7 2.
1
9, 8 2+
4 7 2

28
2*3
30
=2+ 14 95 3
30 15 2+

5.
(b) Let the missing figure = x. -2 8 -2. 19 -1
19 19 19 4

12. (b)The given expression

=2.75 -2,25 = 0.50.
15
2 13, (c) Given expression
J5 9/4 + 20
1 161
2
3=
S/4 -
4
2+20 16x
8 22. 176
 Chapter 4 Simplification 1.53

cxpreSsion
14. (c) Given 23 = 0,96 which cxcceds 0.875
(0.53)°-2x0.53 x 0,41 +(0.41) 24
0.12
= 0.92 which cxcceds 0.875
(0.530.41) (0.12) =0.12.
12
0.12 0.12 17 0.875.
= 0.708 which lies between 0.33 and
I5. (c)Given cxpression
.!_75-x8=300
(3')'x(3 x3x 2)* 22. (a) Number of-k
8 2 2

3x3'x2* 16 23. (c) Out of 5 girls, 1took part in the camp.

81 Out of the 8 boys, Itook part in the camp.
Out of the 13 students, 2 took part in the camp.
l6. (c) Given expression 2
1
of total number of students took part in the camp.
1 13
=1+=l+l+
1 3
2+ 24. (c) Given expression
2t5 15,1,1 27, 1s
29
22 8 5 3 )
715 1
2
-P+4-xof
2 8 15

17. (d) Let x be the missing number

15 t4-,7 1
3 8
2
=108 +xof+x3=10
3 5 4 2
15 2 7 8

=108+*+ 21s
21
15 112 23 112
3 5 2 -+4
15 2 15
3x108 3 21
2 2 121 =4
30 30
3x108 21 3
2 2 25. (c) Given expression
3x108 1003 1003
-x*x.x 1001 3
3x108 26. (a) Given expression
9 1
X=36. 6 24 60 120
20 +5+2+1 28 7
18. (b) Given expression
120 120 30
108+9+3+1 121 =1.1203.
108 108 4719 19 205
+x
27. (d) Let, 6 3 18
3
19, (d) Letx of 12 48 893 19 205
Then, x = +
18 3 18
3
Then, x = x12 4 893+114- 205 802
48
18 18 9
20. (c) Given expression
1_5 28. (a)Given expression
=1+=1+=
1+3 4
21.
(a)-=0.33
3 and 7 = 0.875
7
-=0.25 does not lie between 0.33 and 0.875
1.54 PARTI Arithmetic

Nunber of boy studcnts =

3

Number of girls who took part in thc

camp
20. (c)-0.60
-0.75 Number of boys who took part in the camp

Total number of students who took part in the

2
-x+
7 camp
40
30. (c)Givcn cxpressIon
240 x300 37. (b) Let the fraction be .Then,
=300.
240
S12
3a+ 26 27
31. (b) 2=-3.
3a- 25
)-:
-1
or
(:)-6) 2
32. (a)Given cxpression
3
-;2x2+2x;=2+4+3=9! 39. (d) Let 1,1
+-x=3xthen,
6 12
6 8 83 10 25
33. (b) Let 6 7 x-*X 9
Then,
or

xxI-7 3,10_ 25 40. (b) Let x be the fraction

9 8 9
7 6 1 6
35 10 25 35 5 5

*2
Or. or, =

36 9 4 9 36
5 35 60 45
6 6 36
35 30 The correct answer
Or.
36 9 2
or,
36 18 7713 91
15 36 V2-2+2+ 2
18 35
41. (a) 2+W2 +| (v2) -(2)
=2+/2+ 2\/2
2-4
9 19 67
34. (a) Let, +2 6 - 2+ 2-2=2.
3 5 Then,
42. (c) 2 =0.50000
3)
67 J7 2.3
1
0.16667 ...(2) (divide
(1) by
-l0=
=3: ...(3) (divide
(2)b)
=0.04167
2.3.4
35. (a) 0.001= (0.1'; 0.067 = 0.1 x0.67 (3) by
The given expression = 0,00833
...(4) (divide
2.3.4.5 places.
a'-b? to three
a'+ ab+ b?
= 4- b Adding, we have 0.71667 orr(0.717 up
=0.67 -0.10 = 0.57. 43. (c) Putting x in place of ?
x+12 x+12 =2x0.2x3.6
36. (a)Let total number of students =x 2 Or,
0.2 x3.6
2x
Number of girl students = ’X=2x0.2 >X 3.6 x 12 or, x = 17.28.
3
 Chapter 4 Simplification 3.55

44. (a) Substituting x for?, we get 53. (c) Putting x for ?

Jx7x18 = 84 V1296x 2.25 = x or, 36% 2.25 = x

or,Vrx7=
S4
Or. (Vx7 or,x= 36x 2.25 or, x= 6.x1.5
18 ..x=9.
84 x 84
Or, xx7 .s4 x 84 -=3.11. 26
18 x18 18 x18x7 54. (b) rXr+-= 18 or,x 27
27
77, 41, 26, 13
(a) Sum = and so X=
4 3 12 s 6
105 +140 + 205 +312+130 17
60 S5. (c) Given that
a+b 23
892 i.e., ifa = 17,then a+b=23 or, b = 6
60
a-b=l7-6=11
which is nearer to 15 than 14 a+b 23
2 a-b 11
Difference:15-]4
15 15
(c) Taking the quotient 2,y and 7, we get 2)y=7, which gives
57. =150 or, 15,150
28
the quotient as 3 150 x 28
.x= -= 280.
.v=3.Substituting the value of y, we get 15
58. (a) Given product
1003 1003
3 1001 3

Now, 4
23 59. (c) V2" =64 or, (2")"2 = 2°
14
n
’=6’n=12
.. x=14, y= 3.
47. (c) Let x be the fraction
60. (b) 10 = Vi0 =/25 =5.
61. (a) Putting xfor? and solving

or,1=x422
10
48. (b) Substitutingx=7 andy= 5, we get
7x5=(7+2'(5 -2) =(9)'x 3 =243. or, X=
10
49. (c) Given that m" = 121 ’ m" =|1'
Hence, m= 11, n=2. 1 48 24
Substituting these values (m - 1)*= (|| - 1)2+= 10'= 2 10 10
= 2,4.
1000.
225 62. (d) +a 1-a-2
17 8 -x= 225
51. (d) xX. -xx=225 or, 1-a 1+ va
17 136
-/2
.". x=136. +

1
(1+a'X1-aV2) 1+aVa
52.
(e) 1.2 1,1 +...+
2.3 3.4 9.10 a? +a-2+(1-a2)(1a2)
(1+a1-a')
))-6)-.()
=1-19
aM2 +a-l2 +1-a/2
1-a
2
10 10
1-a
 1.56 PARTI Arithmetic

63, a+b va'h 2ah 4-3 1

ab 3 4 12 12

.. Numbcr 12+ =144.

12

64. ab 2ab
70. (a) L.C.M. of 7, 8, 16 and 35 = 560
2cd 5 5×70 350

c+d'+ 2cd 8×70 560

2cd 21 21x16 336
[by componendoand dividendo] 35 35 x 16 560
9 9x35 315
16 16x35 560
6x80 480
C-d
and, 7 7x80 560

(a) Putting x for? and .:. Difference between the largest and the smallest fracti
(1.06 + 0.04)
solving 6 480 315
Here, .06 =a and -a=4x1.06 x 0,04 7 16 S60 560
165 33
0.04 = b S60 112
.. (a+ b)
-x=4ab 71. (b) Let the money with the man at
first be 1
.". = (a + b) - 4ab = (a - b)
=(1.06 - 0.04) .. Money spent
5
= (1.02)= 1.0404.
6
ofl= 6
o6. (a) Let the total score be x
runs, such that :. 5
Remaining money =1 6
r=8
and money earned=of?
2 6 12
or,x=8 or, x=162. .. Total money with him now
67.
+(64)-12 +(-32)4/5 6 12 12 4
1
=] +(8)?+(-1x 32)5 4
part of his money is with him now.
= 1+8 +
[-1j$x(32)*]
=]+8'+ [((-1x(2,)
72. (d) Let the monthly income of
Manmohan be 1
.:. Pocket money 1

lx16]=17 5

Remainder =
68. (b) x = (64) -9x121 X
8x11
121x64 (8)' +3xl] .:. Other expenses =
4

(64)' -3x3xl]xI 8x1]

X 4 16
11x1lx8x8 64 +33 Saving = 25
or, x =
(64 + 33)(64 - 33) 16
.. Monthly income = 48 + =300.
88 64 +33 25
31 73. (c) Let the number be 1.
Or, x =
88 4 4 3 3
ofl=and, 4 ofl =4
69. (a) Let the number be 1 4 3 1
.:. Difference =
*zofi 3
and,
ofi=
4 20

.:. Number =4+ = 80.

20
 Chapter 4 Simplification 1.57

part =96 1.073 x1.073-0.927x 0.927 (3'y' x(9

74. (c) 3
77. (c) 1.073 -0.927 (27)' x(3)?
x x 108.
,part =96 4
(I.073)-(0.927)° (3') x(3)
1.073- 0.927 (3')'x(3)
328
75. (b) Journey completed by acroplanc and train (1.073+ 0.927)(1.073-0.927)
2+6 8 1.073 0.927
330
15 15 1 1 1
8 7 =2+ 2+;-2
.:. Remainingjourney = 1 15 15 34/ x s-1i5
7 78. (c) 10-/5
. He completed part of his journey by taxi. 4-315 x6
15 e/4
2"2 x3l x(2 ) x10 34 x415
76.
575 x6
22 x32x22 x2Sx sl/5 X 5x 2×3
69 3/3 x 26/5

1
X.*70 70
3x55 33
70 70 =2'x3x5=2x5=10.
..r=1.