HOLY FAITH

Environmental Studies
Workbook
Answer Key

5
HOLY FAITH INTERNATIONAL (P) LTD.

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 C ON T E
N
T
S
1. Super Senses 3
2. A Snake Charmer’s Story 8
3. From Tasting to Digesting 9
4. Mangoes Round the Year  12
5. Seeds and Seeds 17
6. Every Drop Counts 19
7. Experiments with Water 22
8. A Treat for Mosquitoes 25
9. Up You Go! 29
10. Walls Tell Stories 32
11. Sunita in Space 37
12. What If It Finishes? 41
13. A Shelter So High! 44
14. When the Earth Shook! 48
15. Blow Hot, Blow Cold 51
16. Who Will Do This Work? 54
17. Across the Wall 57
18. No Place for Us? 61
19. A Seed Tells a Farmer’s Story 64
20. Whose Forests? 67
21. Like Father, Like Daughter 71
22. On the Move Again 74

Printed at : M. GULAB SINGH & SONS (P) LTD.

B-5/14, Site IV, Industrial Area, Sahibabad (U.P.)

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 CHAPTER

1 Super Senses

Activity 1 . 1
Name the five sense organs along with an example of their uses.
1. Eyes - To see around us
2. Ears - To hear sound
3. Nose - To smell
4. Tongue - To eat and also useful for speaking
5. Skin - To feel touching.

Activity 1 . 2
A few things have been listed below. Differentiate between them as pleasant
smell (good) or unpleasant smell (bad).
Pleasant smell (Good smell) Unpleasant smell (Bad smell)
citrus fruits, perfume, soap, flowers, chemicals, rotten eggs, rotten leaves, cow
rose flowers, strawberry, lemon, dung
shampoo, gulab Jamun, neem tree,
hibiscus chas little smell

Activity 1 . 3
Draw or stick pictures of the ears and noses of different animals.

Activity 1 . 4
Write the characteristics of an ant, a silkworm and a dog given in your
textbook.
Ant:
• The guard ant can be recognised from its smell.
• The ant took 15–20 minutes to come after smelling.
• Ants move in a line.
Silkworm:
• The Silkworm is the larva.
• The moth is important because it makes silk.
• China has been making silk for at least 5000 years.

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 Dog:
• A dog can make out if another dog had come into their area by the smell of its urine.
• We use dogs to catch criminals, and recover stolen goods.
• Dogs can also sniff out bombs and explosives.

Activity 1 . 5
When do you find your sense of smell helpful to you? List some examples.
Besides smelling bad food and the smell of burning, our sense of smell helps us choose
good food, perfume, soap, incense stick etc. and also to find out if our clothes are
stinking due to sweat.
When do you find your sense of sight helpful to you? List some examples.
When do you find your sense of sight helpful to you? List some examples: Ask one
of the student to stand at a small distance and say something softly. The rest of the
students should listen carefully. Then ask them to put their hands behind their own
ears. Let the same student say something again as softly as before. The sound will be
sharper when the students put their hands behind their own ears.
When do you find your sense of hearing helpful to you? List some examples.
I sat at my desk and tapped it once with my hand. I was able to hear a sound. Then
I put my head on the desk with my ear directly on it and tapped the desk again. This
time I was able to hear the sound sharper than before.

Activity 1 . 6
Write the name of a bird which has its eyes in front of its head.
The owl has its eyes in front of its head like humans.
Write the names of some birds which have eyes on either side of their head.
Birds like crow, pigeon, parrot, sparrow and eagle have eyes on either side of their head.

Activity 1 . 7
Close your right eye or cover it with your hand. Observe things nearby and at
distance. Answer the following questions.
• Are you able to see? (Yes/No).
   Now, see with both eyes open but without moving your neck.
• What was the difference between looking with one and both eyes?
If we close our right eye or cover it with our hand we cannot see at right side.
The viewing area increases when we see with both eyes. I can see things better with
both my eyes.

Activity 1 . 8
Toss a small ball or coin and try to catch it.
Try this with both your eyes open. Then close one eye and try to catch it.
Answer the following questions.
• Does visibility get affected when we close one eye? (Yes/No).
Yes

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 • How are we able to see properly?
   (a) with 1 eye (b) with 2 eyes
   (b) with 2 eyes

Activity 1 . 9
Write the names of ten animals whose ears can be seen.
1. cow 6. dog
2. buffalo 7. deer
3. ox 8. elephant
4. horse 9. rabbit
5. donkey 10. monkey
Write the names of two animals whose ears are bigger than our ears.
elephant, rabbit, cow, buffalo, ox, dog.
Write the names of two animals whose ears we cannot see.
sparrow, parrot, snakes.

Activity 1 . 10
Is there some link between the size of an animal’s ears and its hearing?
I think there may be some link between the size of animals’ ears and their hearing. The
animals with larger ears can hear better because their ears collect more sound waves.
What kind of danger do wild animals face?
The biggest threat to wild animals is from hunters and poachers who kill them for their
skins. Sometimes they have to face forest fire, pollutions etc.
How do birds and animals warn other birds and animals of danger?
Some animals and birds start behaving in a different manner. They sense danger and
move away.
Do animals start behaving in a different way when an earthquake or storm
is about to come? (Yes/No)
Yes, animals start behaving differently when an earthquake or storm is about to come.
Does aquatic life suffer because of a Tsunami? (Yes/No)
Yes, aquatic life suffers because of Tsunami.
Can you understand the sounds of some animals? Which animals?
Yes, I can understand the sounds of some animals like dog, cat, horse etc.
Do some animals understand your language? Which ones?
Yes, some pet animals like dogs, cows, oxen, horses, parrots, etc. can understand our
language and gestures.

Activity 1 . 11
Have you ever noticed that during the cold season you cannot see any lizard
in the house? Where do you think they have gone?
Yes, I have noticed it. I think lizards shift to some safe place to protect themselves from
the cold.

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 Activity 1 . 12
Discuss the characteristics of a sloth given in your textbook.
It looks like a bear but is not. It is a sloth. It spends almost 17 hours a day sleeping while
hanging upside down from the branch of a tree. The sloth eats the leaves of the same
tree on which it lives. It hardly needs anything else. Sloths live for about 40 years and
in that time they move around for only eight years.

Activity 1 . 13
Represent your and your friend sleeping time and also write the answer in
fraction.
Names:

Cow Piyush Myself Cat

2 4 3 6
12 12 12 12

Activity 1 . 14
Label the parts given below.
eyes
nose ears

mouth

eyes, ears, nose, mouth

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 Activity 1 . 15
Think and Write
• What do you think are some of the dangers to tigers in the jungle?
 The biggest threat to tigers is from hunters and poachers who kill them for their skin.
Tigers are also threatened by other powerful animals and forest fires.
• Can human beings also be a threat to animals? How?
 Due to continuous poaching, many animals are close to being extinct. Elephants are
killed for their tusks, rhino for their horns and tigers and snakes for their skin.
• What are national parks? Where are national parks situated in India?
 There are many species of birds and animals found in India. To protect them, our
government has made more than 75 National Parks.
1. Kanha National Park (Madhya Pradesh)
2. Kaziranga National Park (Assam)
3. Gir National Park (Gujarat)
4. Ranthambhor National Park (Rajasthan)
• Complete the table.
National Park In which state Which animal is found
1. Gir National Park Gujarat Lion
2. Kaziranga National Park Assam Rhinoceros
3. Kanha National Park Madhya Pradesh Royal Bengal tiger
4. Nagarhole National Park Mysore Elephant
5. Palamau National Park Jharkhand Original tiger

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. sight 2. eagle 3. 17 4. hunters 5. mosquito
C. Match the following.
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b)
D. Answer the following.
1. People kill animals to get their skin, horn, etc.
2. A squirrel sleeps only in a particular season.
3. Birds can see two different things at a time because they have binocular vision.
4. Lizards are not seen in winters because they go into a long, deep sleep in certain seasons.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b)

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 CHAPTER

2 A Snake Charmer’s Story

Activity 2 . 1
Draw a rangoli design imitating the movement of snake.

Activity 2 . 2
Give names of five different types of snakes and stick their pictures.
1. 2. 3.

Common krait Indian Cobra King Cobra

4. 5.

Viper Python

Activity 2 . 3
Draw a diagram of an instrument used by snake charmers.

Activity 2 . 4
Discuss with your teacher and write about three types of snakes, e.g. their
characters, their habitat, their behaviour.
1. Cobras: Cobras are large, venomous snakes found in India, southeast and southern
Asia and Africa. One of the most impressive cobras is the King cobra. Growing upto
18 feet long, king cobras are the largest venomous snakes. When threatened they can
raise one third of their body from the ground.

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 2. Anaconda: Not all snakes prefer a life on land. Anacondas are water-loving snakes
native to the tropical forests of South America. Anacondas have sharp rows of teeth
that curve backwards, preventing prey from pulling away.
3. Vipers: Vipers are among the most dangerous snakes. A viper has a stocky body, a
large head and long, hinged fangs for injecting venom in the front of its mouth.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. Kalbeliyas 2. death 3. fangs 4. medicines
5. 
Snake charmers
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. dhol 2. been 3. snake 4. cobra 5. fangs
D. Answer the following.
1. Saperas made medicines from plants collected from the forests and gave them to
people. Also, they helped people who had been bitten by a snake.
2. By selling medicines and catching the snakes nearby town or city. People gave them
food grain or money.
3. It is a design in which snakes are printed or decorated on clothes and other things.
4. Yes, because their teeth contain poison.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b)

CHAPTER

3 From Tasting to Digesting

Activity 3 . 1
Make a list of food items that you think are tasty, and on other side, write
the names of food items which you do not like in taste.
Like                Dislike
Chocolate Bitter gourd
Chat Gourd
Ice cream Methi
Samosa Coriander
Pickles Spinach

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 Activity 3 . 2
A list of food items has been given below. Categorise them into the things
that you like and do not like.
Like                Dislike
Emli, Aam, Panipuri, Methi, Chickoo, Aloe
Fruit Juice, Nimbu pani, vera juice, Neem juice,
Chocolate, Snacks, Dosa, Aamchur powder, Jaljeera
Ice cream, Mojito, Pav
bhaji, Mango, Strawberry
chocolate

Activity 3 . 3
Label the parts of the tongue in the picture given below.

inner part for bitter

middle part for sour
front part for sweet

Collect as many things as possible given on the previous page.
One by one put the same things under your tongue, on the lips and on the
roof of your mouth. Did you get any taste there? Share your recordings.
I put the things under my tongue, on the lips and on the roof of my mouth. I did not
get any taste there.

Activity 3 . 4
What is the difference in the taste of food when we chew the food properly
and eat?
When I bite a piece of food, it is hard and may even taste a bit bitter. However after
chewing it properly, it becomes soft and sweet.
How is the saliva helpful while eating?
After chewing food properly, it becomes soft and sweet. Saliva makes the food soft and
also helps in its digestion.

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 Activity 3 . 5
Draw the path of the food through your body.

To which organs does food go after you put it in your mouth and swallow it?
We put food in our mouth and swallow it goes to our stomache by food pipe.

Activity 3 . 6
What would happen if you did not eat anything for two days?
If I do not eat anything for two days, I will become weak and may fall ill.
What would happen if you did not drink water for two days? Where do you
think the water that we drink goes?
Without enough water, the kidneys use more energy. Kidneys need to flush out waste.
Some other organs also affected. We drink water, it absorbed the intestines.

Activity 3 . 7
Discuss and write.
• How is glucose helpful to a human body?
When glucose is given, it can give some strength quickly even if one has not eaten.
• Why is glucose given to someone who is vomiting and has loose motions?
 When a person is vomiting and has loose motions, it causes loss of water and salt from
the body. So glucose is given as it provides instant energy.
• Why should you drink glucose after playing outdoor games?
While playing outdoor games a lot of sweating occurs which causes loss of water and
salt from the body. You should drink glucose after playing outdoor games as it provides
instant energy.
• Why do doctors give glucose to a person who is sick and admitted to a
hospital? How are glucose drips helpful?
Doctors give glucose to a person who is sick and admitted to a hospital as it provides
instant energy.

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 Activity 3 . 8
Discuss the process of digestion in your own words. Also, mention how
good food ensure good health.
The process of digestion.
1. ingestion 2. propulsion
3. physical digestion 4. chemical digestion
5. absorption 6. defecation
Proper food means adequate and nutritious food according to one’s body requirement.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. False
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. sour 2. head 3. health 4. Saunf 5. tongue
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. aniseed 2. saunf 3. digestion 4. experiments 5. jaggery
D. Answer the following.
1. When a child does not get enough food, he becomes weak and falls sick.
2. 194.4 million children out of 1.3 billion children are not getting proper food in India.
3. The food which contains enough amount of proteins, vitamins and carbohydrates is
called proper food.
4. The stomach is a muscular bag in our body that churns the food.

Multiple-Choice Questions
Tick the food item that is
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c)

CHAPTER

4 Mangoes Round the Year

Activity 4 . 1
Discuss and Write
• What is the difference between food spoilage and food wastage?
When food spoils, it smells bad and its colour also changes.
Large quantities of edible food often unused or leftover is called food wastage.
• What is the effect of seasons on the spoilage of food?
In winters, green vegetables may not spoil in two or three days. Similarly if pickles,
murabba, etc. are not kept safe from moisture in rainy season, they may spoil soon.

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 • When food gets spoilt in your house, what do you do with it?
When food gets spoilt in my house, we dump it in the garbage bin.
• When we buy packets of food items from the market, what can we know
from what is written on the packet? Stick a picture or draw a label of a
packet of a food item.
We learn about the price, weight, manufacturing date and expiry date of the products.

Activity 4 . 2
Spoilage of food
Write down the names of food items that
can get spoilt in 2–3 can be kept for a would not spoil till one
days week month
Roti Sukhdi Pickle
Paratha Puri Jam
Rice Snacks Sauce
Different kinds of food items spoil due to different reasons. Some foods
spoil soon, some stay good for long. List some seasons and conditions in
which food spoils quickly.
Food spoils quickly in the rainy and summer seasons.
1. If cooked food is left open. 2. If milk is not boiled properly.
3. If green vegetables are not kept in a cool place.
4. If pickles, murabba, etc. are not protected from moisture.
Give the names of simple methods through which we can preserve the given
items.
1. Milk  – properly boiled
2. Cooked food  – kept in open for few hours
3. Green leafy vegetables – keep in refrigerator
4. Onion, Potato, Garlic – kept in open
5. Cooked rice – kept in open for few hours

Activity 4 . 3
Discuss and Write
Summer treat
• Why was sugar and jaggery mixed into the mango pulp and dried in the sun?
To make mamidi tandra (aam papad).
• Write the recipe of Mamidi Tandra.
In the backyard they made a high platform by using poles and mat. In a vessel they
extracted pulp and juice from ripe mangoes and after adding jaggery and sugar in
equal quantities they spread this pulp into a thin layer over the mat in the sun. The
process was repeated until the layer was 4-cm thick. After a few days the layer was
taken out.

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 • Which things are made in the house from ripe and unripe mangoes?
From unripe mangoes: pickles, chutney
From ripe mangoes: Aamras, Jam, Aampapad
• Make a list of all different types of pickles that we eat.
In my house we eat pickles of mango, lemon, amla and chilli that are made at home.

Activity 4 . 4
Find out and discuss.
• Write down the recipe of making mango pickle.
First take unripen mangoes to make pickle then it cut and dried up throughly in the
Sun. Then after mixing it with all the spices, salt and oil, it is kept in a dry glass jar and
left. Undisturbed for a few weeks this is how mango pickle is made.
• It is a two-day journey by train from Pune to Kolkata. If you were to go on
this trip, what food items would you carry with you? How would you pack
them? Which food items would you eat first?
I will carry those food items which would not get spoilt up to 2–3 days and will keep
these things in dry containers or packets.
I will carry roti or parathas, subji, biscuits, chips, fruits, dry fruits, curd, sattu, chiwda,
sweets like peda, murabba, etc.
First I will consume roti or parathas, curd and sabji because these can spoil soon.

Activity 4 . 5
Differentiate between the following food items and find out whether they
are sour, bitter, sweet or spicy.

Sweet Salty Sweet Salty Sweet

Spicy Sour Sweet Sour Sweet

Salty Sweet Spicy Sweet Sour Pungent Spicy

Spicy Sweet Sour Sweet Sour Sweet Sweet

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 Sweet Salty Sweet Sour Salty

Activity 4 . 6
Different combinations of taste.
The combination of different flavours brings so much variety in food. Make
a list of such different combinations of taste and name the food item. One
has been given for you.
Combination of taste: Food item
1. Sweet-sour: Sauce
2. Sour–Sweet Chat
3. Salty–Spicy Samosa
4. Sweet–Spicy Pickles
5. Sweet–Sour Nimbu pani

Activity 4 . 7
Discuss and Write
• When does your mouth water? List five things you like to eat and
describe their taste.
My mouth waters when I see something of my taste, especially spicy foods.
• Do you like only one kind of taste or different ones? Why?
I like different types of taste because I get bored of only one kind of taste.
• Can we identify the taste of lemon with just a few drops of lemon juice?
Yes, a few drops of sour things like lemon juice is enough to make out the taste.
• If you put a few seeds of saunf (aniseed) on your tongue, would you be able
to identify it with your eyes closed? How?
Perhaps, because even if we do not taste, we can recognise it by its smell.
• Give the names of certain things that we could guess only by their smell,
without seeing or tasting them?
We could guess certain things only by their smell, without seeing or tasting; for example,
egg, orange, lemon, curd, sweets, samosa, etc.
• Has anyone ever told you to hold your nose before taking a medicine? Why
do you think they ask you to do this?
We get the complete taste of food only when we are able to smell it. So sometimes we
are told to hold our nose to avoid an unpleasant taste.

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 Activity 4 . 8
My Healthy Lunch Box
Tick ( ) the healthy food items.

Activity 4 . 9
Glass jars and bottles are dried well in the sun before filling them with
pickles. Why is this done?
This is done to make these glass jars and bottles moisture free. If any moisture is left in
these containers, the fungus in there may spoil the pickle.
To eat mangoes round the year we make different items like pickle, aam
papad, chutney, chikky, etc. List some other food items with which we make
different things, so that we can enjoy them throughout the year.
Aam papad, Jam

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. summers 2. Cotton 3. Pickle 4. Mamidi tandra
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. pickles 2. mango juice 3. milkshake 4. vegetables
D. Answer the following:
1. When food gets spoiled we throw it away in the dustbin and do not consume it.
2. Jaggery and sugar are added in equal amounts to the mango pulp.
3. Mamidi tandra is famous in Andhra Pradesh.
4. Raw mangoes are used to prepare pickles.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a)

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 CHAPTER

5 Seeds and Seeds

Activity 5 . 1
Take any seedling, dig it in a pit, water it regularly. Observe after a week,
what do you see? Record the process that you followed and your observations
in the space given below.
Name of Seed: Mustard (Sarson)
Day Height of the plant (in cm)
After 3 days 1 cm
After 5 days 1.5 cm
After 7 days 2.5 cm
After 9 days 4 cm
Activity 5 .2
Which food items are soaked before cooking in your house? Why?
1.Chana, moong, etc. 2. Dry pea, rajma, etc. 3. Soyabean
After soaking these things swell up and become soft. Also, they cook faster.
Which things do you eat after sprouting? How are they sprouted? How much
time does it take?
Chana, moong, etc. First these are soaked in water and then wrapped in a wet cloth
and hung so that they get proper water and air.
Why does a doctor sometimes advise to eat sprouts?
Doctors advise us to eat sprouts because they are very nutritious.
Name the seeds of a plant that we see in daily life.
Sun-flower seeds     Pomegranate seeds     Mustard seeds

Activity 5 .3
Discuss.
• Which seeds take the most number of days for the stem to come out of the
soil?
Sesame (til)
• Which seeds take the least days to come out of the soil?
Mustard seeds
• Which seeds do not germinate at all? Why?
All seeds germinate. However, if proper water and air is not provided, they will not
germinate.
• What would happen if the plants did not get water?
They would dry up or turn yellow.
• What is inside a seed?
Inside the seed, there are cotyledons and embryo.

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 • How does a big plant grow from a tiny seed?
The seed absorbs water and nutrients from the ground and grows into a big plant.

Activity 5 .4
Make a list of
• Seeds that are used as spices in your home
cumin, mustard
• Seeds of vegetables
lady’s fingers
• Seeds of fruits
mango, apple, papaya
• Light seeds
cumin (Jeera), aniseed (saunf)
• Seeds which are flat
rajma, apple, cumin, aniseed

Activity 5 .5
Collection of seeds.
Collect different varieties of seeds. Paste them here and name them.

Gram Rajma

What would happen if seeds did not spread and remain at one place only?
If seeds did not spread, they would fall in the parent bed itself leading to struggle for
water and sunlight. As a result none of the plants would grow properly or survive.
Make a list of the different ways by which seeds are spread.
Seeds are spread by:
1. Birds and animals   2. Humans   3. Wind   4. Water

Activity 5 .6
Here are the images of a few seeds. Name them.
Fenugreek       Aniseed (saunf)      Rajma

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True

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 B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. Europe 2. George Mestral 3. green 4. Sprouted 5. water
C. Match the following.
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a)
D. Answer the following.
1. Seeds require water and proper temperature to sprout.
2. Once when George Mestral came back from a walk with his dog, he saw seeds stuck
on his and his dog’s body. This gave him the idea of making velcro.
3. Due to the change in temperature inside a refrigerator, seeds kept in a refrigerator do
not sprout.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c)

CHAPTER

6 Every Drop Counts

Activity 6 .1
How can you stop water from being wasted?
1. Reuse the rejected water.
2. Take a shower instead of using a bucket.
3. Fix any leaks.
4. Turn off the tap when you are brushing your teeth.

Activity 6 .2
What should be done to solve the problem of the scarcity of water?
To solve the problem of scarcity of water, people made collective offers and cleaned up
and repaired the pond and all the wells of the village to make them usable again. Tons
of garbage was taken out from water bodies.
Name the sources from where we get water.
Wells, ponds, rivers, hand pumps, lakes, taps, etc.
What are the reasons responsible for drying up of lakes, rivers and wells?
The first reason is drought and the other reason is garbage. The atmosphere remains
hot for most of the year. So lakes, rivers and wells dry up.

Activity 6 .3
Think and find out.
• Look at the area around your school. Are there any fields, farms, pucca
roads, drains, etc? Is the area sloping, rocky or flat?
Yes, there are fields, farms, roads, drains etc around my school. The area around my
school is flat; when it rains the rainwater goes into the drains.

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 • What happens in that area when it rains?
When it rains the area is covered with water and it looks like small lake.
• Where will the rainwater go – into the drains, pipes or pits?
The rainwater collected on the roof reaches the underground tank through the pipe
which connects both of these otherwise it goes into the drains.
• Does some water get soaked into the soil?
Yes, some water gets soaked into the soil.
• How do you think the rainwater that falls on the roof will reach the
underground tank?
The rainwater that falls on the roof will reach underground tank through the pipe.

Activity 6 .4
Have you ever faced shortage of water in your area? If yes, then what was
the reason for it?
Yes, sometimes we face shortage of water in our area. This is due to disruption of water
supply by Jal Board.
From where did people get water for their house? Has there been a change
since then?
They used to get water from wells, ponds, rivers and hand pumps. But now we get
water supplied by Jal Board or from tube wells, hand pumps etc.
How does the earth soak water and how does it reach wells and stepwells?
Some water from the lakes, ponds or rainwater soak into the ground and reaches the
well and bavdis (stepwell).
What kind of water arrangements were made for travellers in earlier times?
Now what do people do about water when they travel?
For travellers, there were arrangements of mashak. Nowadays people usually purchase
packaged drinking water or carry their own water bottles.

Activity 6 .5
Draw and colour or stick pictures of different sources or places from where
the people get water.

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 Activity 6 .6
Find out:
• Where can you see stone carvings near the place of water?
I have seen remain of as old beautiful near the stepwell at my village.
• Where can you see any beautiful building near the place of water?
There is an old well near my house which is about 100 years old. The local people
built it.
• Name the places where people come to see water.
Bay of Bengal
Southern Indian Ocean
Porbandar Seashore
Bombay Chopati

Activity 6 .7
Find out:
• Is there a lake, well or stepwell near your house or school, or have you ever
seen one?
Yes, there is an old well near my house.
• How old is it?
It is about 100 years old.
• Who got it built?
The local people built it.
• What kind of buildings are around it?
There are residential buildings around it.
• Is the water clean? Is it cleaned regularly?
No, the water is not clean, neither is it cleaned regularly.
• Who all use the water from it?
Now, no one uses the water.
• Is there any festival celebrated at this place?
Yes, some rituals are performed during weddings, etc.
• Is there any water there today, or is it dry?
There is a little water. However, it dries up during summer.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. lake 2. Rainwater 3. population 4. 9

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 C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. population 2. stepwell 3. pipeline 4. pump 5. roots
D. Answer the following.
1. Darki Mai lived in a village in Alwar district of Rajasthan.
2. The people who lived in the village helped Darki Mai.
3. King Ghadsi of Jaisalmer had it built 650 years ago.
4. A handpump is operated by moving the valve vertically up and down.

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (c)

CHAPTER

7 Experiments with Water

Activity 7 .1
A few things have been given below. Circle those which can be mixed with
water easily.

Activity 7 .2
What floats? What sinks?
• Name two objects that float in water.
A football, a piece of thermocol.
• Name two objects that sink in water.
A cricket ball, a spoon.
• Why do some things float in water while others sink?
When water displaced by a certain thing is greater than its weight, it floats on water;
otherwise it sinks.
Activity 7 .3
Think and answer.
Take some water in a glass. Put a lemon in it. Now keep putting salt in the
water, half a spoon at a time. Were you able to float your lemon in water?
Yes, the lemon starts to float on water.

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 Why did the lemon float in salty water?
Because when salt is added to water, it becomes denser.
Suggest some ways for quickly dissolving sugar in water.
To dissolve sugar quickly in water, first crush it into powder; then after adding it into
water, stir the mixture thoroughly.
The mixture could also be heated over a flame to dissolve the sugar quickly.

Activity 7 .4

Is there a place in the world where no person can drown? If yes, name it.
The Dead Sea is the saltiest ocean where no person can drown.
Why would a person float in water at the place mentioned by you?
Because of the presence of a large amount of salt in it.

Activity 7 .5
What dissolves – What does not?
• Name two things that get dissolved in water.
Salt and sugar get dissolved in water.
• Name two things that do not get dissolved in water.
Chalk powder and soil do not get dissolved in water.
• What are soluble substances?
Substances that dissolve in water are called soluble substances.
• What are insoluble substances?
Substances that do not dissolve in water are called insoluble substances.

Activity 7 .6
Think and write.
• Could you see salt after it is dissolved in water? If no, why?
No, because salt got dissolved completely in the water.
• Does that mean that now the water does not have salt? If it has, then where
is the salt?
Of course, water contains the salt. It is completely mixed up with water.

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 • hat difference did you see – in the water with salt and the water with chalk
W
powder – after keeping them for some time?
Water and salt got mixed together completely while chalk powder settled down at the
bottom of the water.
• Which of the two would you be able to separate from the water by straining
with a cloth – salt or chalk powder?
We can separate chalk powder by straining through a cloth.
• When we boil water, where does the water go?
The water evaporates.

Activity 7 .7
Write a note on Dandi Yatra.
On 12 March 1930, Gandhiji started the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram
towards the small coastal village of Dandi. He marched against the state’s monopoly in
manufacturing and selling salt. Gandhiji chose salt because it was used in every Indian
household, yet people were not allowed to make salt even for domestic use.

Activity 7 .8
• Mix water with different colours and see the change in the colour of water.
Write your observation here:
Colour + Water = Colour of water
Red + Water = Light red colour
Orange + Water = Skin colour
Blue + Water = Sky blue colour
Yellow + Water = Light yellow colour
Purple + Water = Dark blue

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True

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 B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. Salt 2. tilted 3. oil 4. argument
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. water 2. soap 3. seashore 4. floating
5. Dandi march
D. Answer the following.
1. The colour of aluminium foil will change as it develops a layer of aluminium oxide
on it.
2. The sugar will melt and get mixed with water.
3. The soap will melt and bubbles will be produced in water.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d)

CHAPTER

8 A Treat for Mosquitoes

Activity 8 .1
The names of a few diseases have been given below. Find out and write their
symptoms.
• Dengue
Fever, body pain, rashes, etc.
• Malaria
Fever with chills and rigors.
• Typhoid
High temperature, stomach pain, headache, sometimes constipation.
• Diarrhoea
Watery stools, upset stomach, dehydration, vomiting.
• Jaundice
Fever, change in skin colour, dark-coloured, urine flu-like symptoms.

Activity 8 .2
Find out.
• Do you know anyone who had malaria?
Yes, once one of my friends suffered from malaria.
• How did they find out that they had malaria?
It was found out by examining his blood.

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 • What problems did they have on having malaria?
He used to suffer from fever with chills and rigors. He also became weak.
• What other diseases can be caused by mosquito bites?
Diseases like dengue, chickungunya etc.
• In which season is malaria more common? Why do you think this happens?
Malaria is more common during rainy season. This is because water-logged and damp
areas provide suitable breeding environment for the mosquitoes.
• What do you do in your house to protect yourself from mosquitoes?
In our house we use mosquito-repellent devices and mosquito nets. We also clean our
house and the surrounding area. We also clean coolers, pots etc.
• In earlier times what care was available for malaria?
In earlier times traditional herbal remedies were used to treat malaria.
• How can you find out if someone has malaria?
We can say someone has Malaria if Malaria parasite is found in their blood test report.

Activity 8 .3
Think and Write
• The deficiency of which minerals causes anaemia?
Iron deficiency causes anaemia.
• What is the minimum required haemoglobin in a human body?
Minimum required haemoglobin for men is 13 to 17 gram and for women 12 to 15
gram.
• Name two food items which contain iron.
Beans and lentils, baked potatoes, cashews, green leafy vegetables like spinach, etc.,
contain iron.
• Which diseases are spread through housefly?
Diseases like Typhoid, cholera, diarrhoea, etc., spread through housefly.
• How can we keep ourselves safe from mosquito bites?
Wear fully covered clothes, control mosquitoes indoors and outdoors, use insect
repellent to keep ourselves safe from mosquito bites.

Activity 8 .4
Discuss and Write
• What are some of the important points given on the poster of ‘Beware of
Malaria’.
The poster warns us to remain alert about mosquitoes because they can spread malaria.
Some precautionary measures are also advised to keep off mosquitoes.
• Why do you think pictures of a tank, cooler and pits are shown in the poster
of ‘Beware of Malaria’?
Because these are the places where breeding of mosquitoes can takes place if there is
waterlogging or the area is not cleaned regularly.

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 •
 hy do you think it talks about putting fish in the tank? What do you think
W
the fish eats?
It talks about putting fish in the tank because fish eat up mosquitoes larvae that have
been developing in the water.
• What will happen when oil is spread on the water?
When oil is spread on water, the eggs and larvae of mosquitoes growing there are
killed.
• Which diseases are caused by flies and how?
Flies spread dysentery, cholera, typhoid, anthrax, etc. Flies are easily attracted by filth.
They sit on dirty and filthy matters and when they sit upon food afterwards, microbes
are mixed into the food from where these can enter human body.

Activity 8 .5
Make a poster in the space given below with a message to keep the cooler,
tank, drains and the area clean around your house.

Find out who is responsible for keeping the area around your school clean.
If you write a letter reporting your suggestions for cleaning, find out to
whom the letter should be written and to which office it should be sent.
The local municipality is responsible for keeping the area around our school clean.
So, the letter should be addressed to the mayor and be sent to the local municipal
corporation office.

Activity 8 .6
Is there a pond or river around your house or school? Go and look around
and observe these things.
• Can you see algae in or around the water?
Yes, I can see algae in and around the water.
• Where else have you seen algae?
We saw it near drains, hand pumps, on damp walls, etc.
• Are there plants growing on the side or in water? Find out their names.
Yes, there are some small plants growing around the side and in the water. These are
liverwort, mosses, etc.
• Do you think these were planted by someone or did they grow on their own?
These have grown on their own.

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 • What else can you see in water? Make a list.
Besides algae, small fishes, frogs, larvae, floating insects and mosquitoes are seen.

Activity 8 .7
What can you do so that mosquitoes do not breed in your house, school and
neighbourhood?
We should do the following to prevent mosquitoes from breeding:
Not allowing the area around us to get water logged
Regularly cleaning the coolers and water tanks
Spraying DDT and oil in drains, pits, etc
Cultivating fishes in nearby ditches, pits, ponds etc

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. True 3. True
4. False 5. False
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. Fish 2. blood 3. mosquitoes 4. algae
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. larvae 2. mosquito 3. malaria
4. dengue 5. chickungunya
D. Answer the following:
1. Anaemia is the lack of haemoglobin or iron in blood.
2. Jaggery, amla and more green leafy vegetables, i.e. diet which is rich in iron.
3. Health checkups are done in schools and health cards are made for all the children.
4. To avoid the growth of insects which cause diseases and infections.
5. The eggs from which mosquitoes come out are called larvae.
They look like tiny thread-like grey things swimming in water.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d)

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 CHAPTER

9 Up You Go!

Activity 9 .1
Look above in the sky. What do you observe?
Draw a picture of things you see when you look above.

Activity 9 .2
Discuss and Write.
• Have you ever seen mountains? (Yes/No)
Yes, I have seen mountains.
• Name the states where mountains are seen in India.
Mountains can be seen in many Indian states including Uttarakhand, Arunachal
Pradesh and Sikkim.
• Name the mountains that are found in India.
Mount Everest, Karakoram, Satpura and Vidyac.
• Which is the highest mountain peak in India? What is its elevation?
Nanda Devi - 7816 m in Uttarakhand
Kanchenjunga - 8586 m in Sikkim
Kangtoh - 7060 m in Arunachal Pradesh
• How are mountains useful to us?
Water from mountains is useful for irrigation and generation of hydro-electricity. They
are also useful for paragliding, river rafting etc.
• Draw a picture of mountains.

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 Activity 9 .3
Is a special kind of training required to climb mountains?
Yes, a special kind of training is required to climb mountains.
Mention the responsibilities of a group leader who is taking a group for
mountain climbing.
The responsibilities of a group leader are challenging and of giving self-satisfaction.
What kind of tools are needed for climbing mountains?
Rope, Helmet, Ice axe, Pulley, Climbing pack, etc.
Have you ever seen a hook and rope being used for anything else? Where?
Yes, I have seen hook and rope being used by people to pull out buckets of water from
wells.
What else can we use if we want to cross a river in the mountains?
We can cross a river in the mountains using a bridge, trolley or a boat.
Why do we need extra energy on the mountains?
We need extra energy to climb up the mountains as we have to move opposite to the
earth’s downwards pull, gravitational force.

Activity 9 .4
Describe in your own words an adventurous trip that you have taken or want
to go on.
I have a dream to visit some part of the world, particularly Europe. So, if I get a chance.
I will visit there and enjoy the beautiful of the European countries.

Activity 9 .5
Discuss and Write
• What is the difference between climbing a mountain and climbing a tree?
Yes, climbing a mountain may be easier than climbing a wall because the surface of
mountain is uneven forming holds where one can put his hand and feet while the
surface of wall is flat. Thus, it is difficult to climb wall.
• W hat is the difference between climbing a wall and climbing a high rock?
Climbing a high rock is easier because the surface of a rock is irregular with elevation or
depression forming holds where one can put his/her hands and feet while the surface
of a wall is smooth and flat. Thus it is difficult to climb a wall.

Activity 9 .6
Think and Write.
• What to do when we have lost our way?
We ask the local people for directions to help in finding the way.

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 • What are the challenges that we face during mountain climbing?
The challenges that we face during mountain climbing are
• Nausea          • Vomiting
• Headaches        • Swelling of hands, feet and face.
• While staying in a camp in the snow, why is a drain dug around the tent?
Drain is dug to keep off insects, scorpions, snakes etc.
• Besides mountaineering, which other activities can be called adventurous?
Why?
Sky diving, gliding, hot air ballooning, rowing in mountain rivers are some of the other
activities that can be called adventurous.

Activity 9 .7
Imagine you are on a mountain. How do you feel there? What can you see?
Why do you feel like doing these?
I feel excited. I can see vast blue sky around me. I feel like I am at the top of the world.
Write a short note on ‘snow storm’.
Snow is a form of ice. Snow is formed when water in the atmosphere becomes frozen.
Snow comes in all different shapes and sizes. Some winter sport activities like skiing
and sledding can also be done in snow. Snow can also be dangerous. Snow melts a
little during the daytime and freezes again at night.

Activity 9 .8
Think and Write
• Why did Bachhendri Pal put up the Indian flag on the peak?
In honour of our country. Bachhendri put up the Indian flag on the peak.
• When have you seen our national flag being hoisted?
Besides Republic day and Independence day, our national flag is hoisted on other
moments of national pride.
• Have you seen the flag of any other country? Where?
Yes, in Chanakya Puri, Delhi, where embassies of different countries are based, I have
seen flags of many countries.
• Imagine you have a group of 6–8 friends. Design a flag for your group.
Explain why you chose that design.
The green colour shows green trees which are helpful for the environment. The white
colour is a symbol of peace. The red circle shows the sun, which will lost forever.
• Explain why it can be adventurous and challenging to climb a mountain.
How would you prepare if you were to climb a mountain? What would you
take with you? Write in your own words.
(i) Mountains are full of dangerous rivers, deep valleys, irregular surfaces, etc. To climb
a mountain is a very challenging task. (ii) It is not easy to climb on the steep slope of

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 the mountains. It requires a lot of zeal and vigour. If I were to climb a mountain, I would
take along with me food packets, water bottle, rope, hunter shoes, hook, plastic sheet,
diary, torch, towel, soap, wind cheater, whistle, glucose, Jaggery, chana, snacks, etc.
Besides I would also carry a camera to capture beautiful pictures.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. cucumber 2. 8882 metres 3. snow 4. Mizo
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. plane 2. mountaineers 3. mizo 4. blisters
5. campaign
D. Answer the following.
1. Wood was used as fuel to cook food.
2. Double-layered plastic sheets are used to put up tents to protect people from rain and
cold.
3. She was the first Indian woman and fifth woman worldwide to trek to the peak of
Mount Everest.
E. Fill the missing letters.
1. P a r a sa i l ing 2. G l id i n g
3. T r e kki n g 4. W a ter Sp o r t
5. C l imbi n g

CHAPTER

10 Walls Tell Stories

Activity 10 .1
Here is a picture of a beautiful wall which has carvings.
Make your own carvings on the blank wall.

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 Activity 10 .2

What have you observed in the picture? Describe.

The earliest known works of representation of art are stone carvings. Often marks
carved into rock will survive where painted work will not.
In the above picture we see a king and servants and people who are standing in front
of him.

Activity 10 .3
Think and discuss.
• How do you think the fountains in forts worked?

Fountains would have run through the water supplied by large tanks.
• What arrangements do you think were in place in forts for air and light?
Large windows, doors and ventilators were useful for air and light.
• Look carefully at the picture of the beautiful carving on the wall. What kind
of tools would have been used for such fine carving?

Chisel and hammer made up of iron would have been used for such fine carving.

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 • List ten things which are difficult to manage without electricity.
If there is no electricity in our city, there would be great scarcity of water. We would
not able to use TV, computer even the mobile phone would not work. Work in offices
cannot be possible either. In other words, life will come to a standstill.

Activity 10 .4
Think and Write.
• What is meant by bastions?
A part in a fort designed to permit fire along the face of the wall.
• Why were bastions made in the fort wall?
Bastions were made in the front wall to ensure security of the fort.
• Why were big holes made in bastions?
Big holes were made in them to watch and shoot at approaching enemies.
• What difference would be there if you were to look from a straight flat wall
or a bastion at a height?
Bastions are made in such a manner that soldiers can peep through its holes safely and
can have a better vantage point which is not possible in case of a straight flat wall.
• How would the soldiers find peeping from the holes in the bastions useful
while attacking?
Bastions built at a height provide the space for looking on distant places in several
directions.
• How could a high and rounded wall help to see things at a distance and/or in
different directions?
Soldiers could look in several directions through the holes in the bastions. They could
also save themselves while attacking the enemies.

Activity 10 .5
Have you ever heard about the war situation in a country?
I have heard about India China war.
What was the reason for the war?
The United States wanted to topple the Iraqi President Saddam Hussain.
What kind of weapons are used in a war?
In this war, many sophisticated fighter planes, tanks, helicopters, machine guns,
explosive, etc. were used.
What kind of destruction is caused by a war?
War impacts the environment, human health, economy of the countr ies and region
involved.
Find out how communication used to take place without telephones.
Before the invention of telephones people were communicating with telegram

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 Activity 10 .6
Paste the pictures of bronze, brass and copper vessels.

Activity 10 .7
Find out:
• How would the garland of pots lift water from a well?
The bullocks move the drum, which in turn moves the toothed wheel. To this wheel
garland wheel is connected through a rod. So as the toothed wheel moves, it rotates
the garland wheel and thus water is lifted from the well.
• How is water pumped up from the ground to higher places?
Water is pumped using electric water pump which has a motor to suck the underground
water and lift it.
• How is water pumped up using electricity? How is water lifted without
electricity?
The electric machines absorb underground water through tube well and pump it up.
Without electricity water can be lifted using buckets and ropes windmill and also using
bullocks.

Activity 10 .8
Find out the lifestyle of people in ancient times the food habits, clothes,
etc.
Ancient people lived as hunters gatherers or in groups. Most of ancient life revolved
around the coast of water bodies. They typically choose to live as gatherers or hunters.
They only ate leaves and fruits. They covered their body with only leaves or skin of
animals.

Activity 10 .9
Discuss and Write.
• What is a museum?
 A building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic or cultural value are stored
and exhibited.
• Which things are kept in a museum?
Objects and materials of religious, cultural and historical value.

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 • Name some museums in India and mention the things that are kept there.
National museum, Delhi
Baroda museum and picture gallery – Baroda
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National memorial museum – Sardar Sarovar dam.
• Do you think museums are important? Give reasons.
Museums collect and preserve our objects and materials of religious, cultural and
historical value. They are good sources of entertainment. They promote our culture.
Museums are a storehouse of old artefacts, sculptures, objects, history, etc.

Activity 10 .10
Collect the information about various sources of history.
Sources of history are diaries, letters, interviews, photographs, newspaper articles,
government documents, poems, novels, plays and music.

Activity 10 .11
Why do you think the chapter is named ‘Walls Tell Stories’?
In this chapter wall tell us about historical story.

Activity 10 .12
• Write your own story in about 30–40 words.
I visited Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel museum and Planetarium.
There we saw traditional textiles, metal ware, wood carving and porcelain items.
We enjoyed seeing these historical objects.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. Clay 2. carvings 3. 87 4. Hyderabad
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. fort 2. clay 3. paintings 4. unclear 5. Golconda
D. Answer the following.
1. A building where many historical objects are stored and displayed is called a museum.
2. A museum is important because it stores many unique things for display.
3. Water was carried to different places with the help of clay pipes.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (c)

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 CHAPTER

11 Sunita in Space

Activity 11 .1
Draw and colour the earth as it looks from space.

Write a short note on Kalpana Chawla.

Kalpana Chawla (17 march 1962—1 february 2003) was an American astronaut and
engineer who was the first woman of Indian origin to go to space. She first flew on space
shuttle columbia in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary robotic arm operator.

Activity 11 .2
Draw the things which you see in the sky.
Example: star, moon, sun, shooting star, etc.

Activity 11 .3
Draw a model of an aeroplane and a spaceship.

    

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 Activity 11 .4
Think and Answer.
• How do you think the earth looks like from space? Describe in your own
words.
The earth looks like round from space.
• If the earth is round like a globe, how is it that we do not fall off?
Because of earth’s gravitational force, Earth attracts everything towards its centre, so
we do not fall off.
• Write a short note on Sunita’s experience of living in space.
Sunita’s hair were standing in the space.
• Why do you think everyone kept floating in the spaceship?
Because there is no gravity in space. Everyone knows that the farther you get from
Earth, the less the gravitational force is spaceship is in the space, there is no gravitational
force so everyone kept floating in the spaceship.

Activity 11 .5
Observe the moon’s shape for 15 days. Record your observations.
On full moon day we can see the moon clearly in shaping of spherical. After that its
lightening day by day decreasing, quarterly moon we can see after 3-4 days then after
1 week we can see only half moon. After 1 week we can’t see moon in the sky that day
we call new moon day.

Activity 11 .6
Think and Answer.
• Why does hair stand in space?
Earth’s gravitational force is not present at space, so hair stands in space.
• Why does food float in space?
In space there is no present gravitational force, so food floats in space.
• Complete the table.
Dates Events/Happenings
9-12-2006 The space craft is taking off.
11-12-2006 Astronauts are floating inside the space craft.
12-12-2006 Astronauts are taking off.
13-12-2006 Sunita is working
16-12-2006 Sunita is roaming outside the space craft.

Activity 11 .7
When we play on a slide, we slide down and not up. Why?
We play on a slide, we slide down and not up because of gravitational force.

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 Imagine, draw and colour a scene of your classroom, had it been in a
spaceship.

Activity 11 .8
Differentiate.

• Do you find anything similar between the globe and this picture of Earth? In
what ways are they different?
Similarity: Globe and earth are similar in the manner that the both of them are round
in shape.
Difference: In this pic. there are no division lines separating the countries but on the
globe division lines are drawn to mark separation between various lands and countries.

Activity 11 .9
Look at the map.

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 •  an you find the state in which you live in? Name it.
C
Yes, I live in Gujarat state.
• Which are the states next to the state you live in?
Next to the states are Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan.
• Are the lines really there on Earth between two states or countries?
No, there are no lines really on earth between two states or countries.

Activity 11 .10
Think and answer.
• Do you think the moon is flat like a coin or round like a ball?
The moon is round like a ball when we see from earth.
• Why do stars twinkle?
Light from a star races through our atmosphere, it bounces through different layers,
bending the light before you see it, so stars twinkles.
• Where are stars in the morning/day time?
Stars are present in the sky all time, but we can see it at night properly.
• Why do we see stars mostly at night?
There is no sunlight in the night. Thus, the light coming from the stars could reach us
and we are able to see them.
• When is the next full moon? At what time will the moon rise on this day?
What does the moon look like on this day? Draw it.
After 15 days on 22nd August 2021 is the next full moon. Moon rising time 7:00 p.m.
on this day the moon look like spherical.
• What are the festivals related to the moon?
There are many festivals related to the moon like Eid, Karwachauth, etc.
• At night look at the sky carefully for 5 minutes.
– What could you see?
   At night we can see stars, moon in the sky.
– Did you see anything moving in the sky?
– What do you think it could be?
   Yes, I saw something moving in the sky. It may be meteorite (shooting star).
• Why don’t we easily see the moon or stars during the day?
We don’t easily see the moon or stars during the day because of the sunlight.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. blobs 2. gravitational force 3. sky 4. unclear

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 C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. satellite 2. spaceship 3. weather 4. gravitation
D. Answer the following.
1. Sunita made a record of travelling in a spaceship for miles away.
2. Kalpana’s dream was to become an astronaut.
3. She became an astronaut.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b)

CHAPTER

12 What If It Finishes?

Activity 12 .1
See the figure and name the fuel.
Coal    Petrol    Kerosene    LPG    Diesel

Activity 12 .2
Discuss and Write.
• What are the different kinds of vehicles that you can see on the road?
I can see vehicles like cars, buses, auto rickshaws, motorcycles, cycles etc.
• Name three vehicles that need fuel.
Cars, buses and motor cycles need petrol, diesel or CNG while cycles etc.
• Name three vehicles that give off smoke.
Bicycle, Yo-Bike, CNG etc.
• What are the problems that we are facing because of the smoke that come
out of vehicles?
We can have problems like coughing, nausea, headache and diseases related to lungs
can have smoke coming out of vehicles.
• From where do vehicles get fuel?
From the petrol pump vehicles get fuel.
• Are all types of fuel available in abundance?
No, only coal is the most abundant fossil fuel on the earth.

Activity 12 .3
Discuss about the minerals which are mined from deep inside the earth.
Gold, Silver, Iron, Copper, etc are mined from deep inside the earth.

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 Which states of India have oil fields?
In India oil fields are in Assam, Gujarat and the coastal areas of Maharashtra and
Andhra Pradesh.
Where was the first oil field established in India? When?
The first oil field established in Assam at 1956.
Do we have any alternative use of petrol or diesel? (Yes/No)
Yes, renewable fuels we can use in alternative of petrol or diesel.
Can we use electric vehicles instead of vehicles run on petrol or diesel?
Yes, we can use electric vehicles instead of vehicles run on petrol or diesel.

Activity 12 .4
Discuss different uses of solar energy.
Solar electricity, solar water heating, solar heating, solar ventilation, solar lighting etc.
Which things can we use with the help of solar energy?
Solar cell, solar watch, solar calculator, solar cooker, solar water heater etc.
Is solar energy available in abundance?
Yes, solar energy is available.
Which resources are limited and why?
Petrolium based resources are limited because they are non-renewable.

Activity 12 .5
Write:
• What do vehicles require to run?
Vehicles require energy to run.
• What kinds of problems will we face if the number of vehicles keeps on
increasing?
If the number of vehicles keeps on increasing then many severe problems will
arise like increase in traffic jam on the roads, increase in air pollution and noise
pollution etc.
• Suggest ways to deal with the problems arising out of the growing number
of vehicles.
(1) People should prefer public transport like bus, trains, metro trains etc. (2) people
should use car pool etc.
• Discuss the possible options for reducing the number of vehicles on the
road.
We should walk or bike when you can go nearly places, take public transports when
possible. Carpool with friends instead of driving alone.

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 Activity 12 .6
Where do we use oil?

As petrol,
diesel or
aeroplane
fuel
For lighting
For dry cleaning

As kerosene
and LPG

For making
To run machines plastic and
paints
Oil is used as fuel for vehicles, for cooking food, lighting, dry cleaning, for making
plastic and paints.
Where is diesel used?
Diesel engines in trucks, trains, boats, etc. we use diesel.
Discuss
• What would happen if petrol or diesel is not available for a week in your
village or town?
If petrol or diesel is not available for a week, our life will come to a standstill and the
crisis would badly affect the transport. Life will be messed up.
• Suggest some ways to save oil.
(1) we should use public transport like buses, trains (2) we should prefer walking on
foot or using bicycle (3) we should keep our vehicles switched off on red lights.

Activity 12 .7
Find out:
• What was used for cooking in ancient times?
In ancient times for cooking wood, cow dungs were used.
• In the past 10 years, the use of which cooking fuel has increased and
decreased in your area?
In the past 10 years the use of cooking fuel has increased because of population has
increased.

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 •  uess the use of which fuel would increase and which would decrease in
G
the next 10 years.
In the past 10 years use of electricity and LPG increased while use of wood, upla, coal
etc. has decreased.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. refinery 2. cow dung cakes3. wood 4. Factories 5. fuel
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. diesel 2. fossil 3. kerosene 4. petrol 5. silver
D. Answer the following.
1. Liquefied Petroleum Gas 2. Compressed Natural gas
2. – Jamnagar Refinery – Nayara Energy Refinery (Answer may vary.)
3. Abu-Dhabi, Israel

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c)

CHAPTER

13 A Shelter So High!

Activity 13 .1
1. a. Where are these houses seen?
a. These houses are seen in rural area.
b. With which materials is this built?
b. This is built by mud, cow dung, grass etc.
2. a. Who lives in these kinds of houses?
a. Village people live in these kinds of houses.
b. With which materials is this built?
b. This is built by wood, grass, bricks, stones, metal sheet.
3. a. Whose shelter is this?
a. Eskimos live in this shelter. It is called igloo.
b. From which material is this made?
b. Igloo is made from snow.

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 Activity 13 .2
Label the states of India on the given map.

Ladakh
Jammu Kashmir
Himachal Pradesh
Punjab Uttarakhand
Haryana Arunachal
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan Pradesh
Assam
Bihar Meghalaya
Madhya Jharkhand
Gujarat
Pradesh West Bengal
Odisha
Maharashtra Chhatisgarh
Telangana
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka

Tamil Nadu
Kerala

Activity 13 .3
Which states would one pass through while travelling from Mumbai to
Kashmir?
While travelling from Mumbai to Kashmir, the states would pass through are:
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and
Kashmir.
Which states would one pass through while going from Mumbai to Delhi?
Find the capital cities of these states.
The states through passed with capital cities are: Maharashtra - Mumbai, Gujarat -
Gandhinagar, Rajasthan - Jaipur, Haryana - Chandigarh.
Is Manali a plain or hilly area? In which state is it?
Manali is a hilly area. Manali is located in Himachal Pradesh.
Name three hill stations of India.
Manali, Rohtang Pass, Mahabaleshwar, Mount Abu are hill stations of India.
Plan a route from your place to Manali.
[Route from Ahmedabad to Manali] Ahmedabad, New Delhi.

Activity 13 .4
Have you ever stayed in a tent? Where? What was it like?
Yes, I once had a chance to stay in a tent while

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 Imagine that you were to stay alone in a small tent for two days and could
take with you only ten things. Make a list of those ten things.
If I would have to stay alone in a small tent for two days. I would take 10 things along
with me. Clothes, sweater, blanket, torch, packaged food items, water, thick woolen,
shoes, camera and canvas for preparing tent.
What are the different types of houses that you have seen?
(1) Houses made up of wood, which are found in hilly areas. (2) Houses made up of
cement, bricks, glass etc. are found in cities (3) The houses made up of mud, bamboo
etc. are found in villages.

Activity 13 .5
Name the hot and cold deserts of India.
Hot desert - Rann of Kutch
Cold desert - Ladakh
Name the regions where hot and cold deserts are located.
Hot deserts are located at Kutch region and cold deserts are located at Himalayas.

Activity 13 .6
How is a house useful to us?
House protects us from cold, hot, rain, animals etc.
How does the roof protect us?
The roof protects from water during heavy rainfall.
How does the roof of your house look like?
My home roof is flat made up of cement (pakka)
At what height is the place where you live in situated?
Ahmedabad is 53 metres (174 ft) above the sea level.
“This place is so high that it is difficult to breathe normally.” Explain the
statement.
The air at higher altitudes is colder, less dense and contains fewer oxygen. So you need
to take more breaths.
Have you ever been to a hilly place? Where?
I have visited Manali. It is located in Himachal Pradesh.
At what height was it? Did you have any difficulty in breathing there?
Manali was at 2050 m high. Yes, there is little difficulty in breathing.
Which is the highest place have you been to?
Mount Everest located in Nepal and Tibet is the highest mountain in earth.

Activity 13 .7
What difficulties people who live on high altitudes face?
Vomitting, nausea, dizziness, insommia, feeling sleepy etc.

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 Name the places where the temperature falls down below 0°C.
Leh, Ladakh the places where the temperature fall down below 0°C.
Different regions have different kinds of houses. Why?
We built different kinds of houses in different region depending on the climate of that
region.

Activity 13 .8
Think of your own house – Is there something special in it, like a sloping
roof as it rains a lot; or a courtyard, where you can sleep when it is hot or
where things are kept in the sun?
Yes, my house has sloping roof for protection against Sun light and rain and a courtyard
also where we can sleep in summer or things are kept in the Sun.
What are the materials used for building a house?
The materials used for making my houses are mud, brick, stone, wood, cement, glass
etc.

Activity 13 .9
There are different kinds of shelters in Jammu & Kashmir – some on high
mountains, some float on water, some have beautiful designs and some are
mobile shelters that can be packed and carried to another place. Draw any
two of them.

Describe how these shelters serve the needs of the people who live there.
These people earn their livelihood by selling the wool obtain from animals.
How are these different from the house you live in?
The houses of Jammu and Kashmir are mainly made up of wood, tent etc. These are
light weighted, can be carried from place to place. But our houses are made up of
bricks, cement, steel, glass etc., cannot be shifted.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. Ladakh 2. Manali 3. Sleeping bags
4. Changpa 5. bark of a tree
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. ladakh 2. bungalow 3. tent 4. desert 5. mountain

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 D. Answer the following.
1. A tent is required to protect from cold air.
2. Gaurav Jani went on such a long journey because he liked to travel to different parts
of our country.
3. Bricks and plastered roofs are there in the houses of Ladakh.
4. Sloping roofs are there in Srinagar.
5. Write the special features of houses in

Delhi Leh Jammu

Big flats tents tents
In Delhi big flats can see There is a building with In Jammu there we can
on multistoreyed building two floors made by see houses made up of
wooden stones

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c)

CHAPTER

14 When the Earth Shook!

Activity 14 .1
What problems did the people face after the earthquake of January 2001?
The quake left hundreds of thousands homeless and destroyed or damaged more than
a million buildings. A large majority of the local crops were ruined as well.

Activity 14 .2
Name the natural disasters shown in the pictures given below.
Tornado   Flood   Cyclone   Heavy rain   Volcanic eruption

Activity 14 .3
• Have you ever helped anyone? If yes, in what ways did you help?
 I helped my mom in the house when she was sick. I helped my dad when he needed
me in his office. I helped my friends to get their assignment right.

Activity 14 .4
Discuss and Write.
• Have you or anyone that you know has ever faced the natural disaster that
shook the earth?
Yes, my uncle stays in Gujarat and he had faced such an earthquake few years back.

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 •  ind out the names of three voluntary organisations which help at the time
F
of natural calamities.
1. Indian Armed Forces 2. Nehru Yuva Kendras
3. Home Guard 4. NSS

Activity 14 .5
Think
• If there were an earthquake where you live, would your house be in danger?
What kind of damages would take place?
Yes, if there is an earthquake where I live, my house would be in danger.
The various household items such as radio, TV, and utensils could get destroyed.
If there would be a very severe earthquake, even the people would get crushed under
the fallen houses and die.

Activity 14 .6
What is meant by a disaster?
A sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life.
Name the different types of disasters.
Flood, Earthquake, Cyclone, Drought etc.

Activity 14 .7
What steps should be taken to rescue from the situation of an earthquake?
During the event, the safest place is an open space, away from buildings. If you are
indoors, take cover under a desk, table or bed. Stay away from glass doors, windows
or outside doors.
Why do you think one should go under a table during an earthquake?
During an earthquake the house or the building can collapse and the bricks etc. can fall
on people and injure them even causing their death. Therefore we should sit under a
strong object like a table and hold it firmly.

Activity 14 .8
According to a TV report, thousands of people were injured and some died
in Gujarat. If the buildings had been made in a way that they would not fall
during the earthquake, could the damage be different? How?
Yes, if the buildings had been earthquake proof, the damage would have been lesser.
People would not have died under the buildings and the loss of people would also have
been lesser.
When people have lost their homes and all their belongings, what kind of
help would they need?
People would need 1. Tent/canvas to prepare their huts 2. clothes 3. Food, water, milk
4. Medicines and first aid treatment.

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 In such situations whose help would be needed and for what?
1. Dogs - To smell out where people are trapped.
2. Doctors - To provide first aid treatment to the injured people.
3. Non-government organisations - To provide clothes, utensils, eatables etc.

Activity 14 .9
Make your own report on any one kind of natural disaster–
• Cause of the disaster, date and time.
• What kind of damage did it cause to lives, belongings and livelihoods?
• Which people came forward to help?
• Which government offices or other groups helped the victims?
New Delhi, Friday 28 Jan 2010. A major fire broke out on Thursday early morning in
the slum area at 4:30 a.m. The houses and belongings of the people were completely
burnt and destroyed. The area supervisor and district leaders came forward to help.

Activity 14 .10
What is a famine?
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors.
Have people in your area ever got affected by a famine?
Yes, 5 years ago there was heavy rain in my area.
Make your own report addressing the problem of a famine.
1. Many people die.
2. Many people get injured.
3. Their houses and other valuables get destroyed.
4. Their farms are destroyed.

Activity 14 .11
Write a report with the help of the following keywords:
floods, river water, injured people, food packets, rescue work, camps, dead
bodies, dead animals, floating in water, houses, under water, aerial survey,
sad people, diseases spread by dirty water, homeless people, trapped people.
Because of floods many people die and many people get injured. Their houses and
other valuables get destroyed. A lot of food items are destroyed; there is scarcity of
drinking water; water-borne diseases are spread. People who have lost their family
members should receive help and support. The roadways and railways should be
brought back to normal.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. False

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 B. Fill in the blanks.
1. famine 2. flood 3. drought 4. lava
5. earthquake
C. Fill the missing letters.
1. E a r th q u ake 2. C y c lo n e
3. V o lc a n o 4. Ra i n fa l l
5. D r ou g ht
D. Answer the following:
1. If there is no rainfall, crops may fail and there can be drought.
2. The tectonic movements of the plates of the earth.
3. The earthquake occurred on 26 January 2001 in the Kutch area of Gujarat.
4. If there was no famine, people would not have to stay hungry or die because of hunger.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d)

CHAPTER

15 Blow Hot, Blow Cold

Activity 15 .1
Circle the things which you cannot eat/drink directly without blowing air
from the mouth.

Water Vegetables Burger Hot dog Softy Coffee

Tea Chapati Gulab Jamun Daal and chawal Health drink

Activity 15 .2
Count your heartbeats per minute and write.
75 - 78
Count the number of deep breaths you can take per minute.
84 - 86

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 Activity 15 .3
Find out
• By whom the story of the woodcutter has been narrated?
The woodcutter was Mian Balishtiye.
• Write a short note on Dr. Zakir Hussain, former president of India.
Dr. Zakir Hussain was an Indian economist and politician who served as the third
president from 13 May 1967 until has death on 3 May 1969. He previously served as
the governor of Bihar from 1957 to 1962 and as the Second Vice President of India
from 1962 to 1967.

Activity 15 .4
Think and tell
• Have you warmed your hands in winter by blowing on them when they were
cold? How does it feel?
Yes, I have warmed my hands in winter by blowing on them when they are cold it feels
quite comfortable.
• Blow hard from your mouth onto your hands. How did you find the air from
your mouth as compared to the air around? Was it hotter or cooler?
When I blow hard from my mouth onto my hands, the air from my mouth feels hotter
as compared to the air around.
• Put your hands at some distance from your mouth and blow again. Does the
air from your mouth feel warm? Why?
When hands are put at some distance from the mouth the air blown from the mouth
does not feel much warm. This happens because the air travels some distance and gets
mixed up with the air around.
• Can you think of any other way in which you use the warmth of your breath?
Someone gets redness in eyes, then a part of handkerchief is warmed by blowing air
over it and that injured part gets some relief.
• Fold a piece of cloth 3–4 times. Now bring it close to your mouth and blow
hard on it. Did the cloth become warm?
Yes, the cloth became warm.

Activity 15 .5
Have you ever burnt your tongue when you ate or drank something that was
too hot? How do you cool some food when it is too hot?
Yes, sometimes I burn my tongue while eating hot pakodas or sipping hot tea. I usually
cool the hot food by blowing on it. Sometimes we also use a fan to cool the food.
If you have to cool these three hot things – dal, roti and rice – how would
you do so?
These food can be cooled either by blowing on them or by using a fan, they should be
preferably kept in a broad container.

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 For what other things do you blow air from your mouth?
Whistling, for removing dust from somethings for cleaning the spectacles, playing with
a firkin.
Can you name some things which produce melodious or pleasing sounds
when we blow into them.
Mouth organ, shehnai and flute produce melodious or pleasing sounds when we blow
into them.

Activity 15 .6
Have you seen people playing different musical instruments, like flute,
dholak, guitar and mridang? Can you recognise their sounds with your eyes
closed? Find out more about these musical instruments.
Yes, I can recognise, some are:
1. Flute: It is made from bamboo and is played by blowing air.
2. Dholak: It is made of wood and a membrane of leather. It is played by beating on
the leather membrane.
Have you seen someone blowing on their spectacles to wipe them clean?
How does the air from the mouth help in cleaning the spectacles?
The air blown from the mouth contains moisture. When it touches the colder glass
surface it turns into water droplets. These water droplets help in cleaning the glass.
Take a glass. Bring it near your mouth and blow hard on it. Do this two or
three times. Does the glass look hazy?
Yes, the glass looks hazy after blowing on it two to three times.
Can you make a mirror hazy in the same way? Can you tell by touching the
mirror what made it hazy? Was the air you blew from your mouth dry or wet?
Yes, it can make a mirror hazy. On touching the mirror some moisture sticks to fingers
also which shows that the moisture turned the mirror hazy. It shows that the air blow
from my mouth is wet.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. False 3. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. sounds 2. wood fire 3. stethoscope
4. cool 5. ice creams
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. oxygen 2. air 3. numb
4. lighter 5. stethoscope
D. Answer the following:
1. When we blow air into our cold hands in winter, it warms them, as the air that comes
out of our mouth can be cold or hot as per the temperature outside.

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 2. The woodcutter made a chulha for boiling potatoes by cutting wood into pieces.
3. Since the air that comes out of our mouth can be cold or hot as per the temperature
outside. It helps to cool a cup of hot coffee.

CHAPTER

16 Who Will Do This Work?

Activity 16 .1
Have you ever seen your elders asking you to not touch certain people?
If yes, who were they? Mention their profession.
No, our elders never asked us to not touch certain people.

Activity 16 .2
 ave you seen such scenes around you?
H
Yes, I have seen such scenes around me.
• Have you ever thought of people who do this work? Can you imagine how
they would feel?
Doing such works must be very difficult and dirty. People doing them must be feeling
awful.
• Why do you think people need to do this kind of work?
People need to do this kind of work because of poverty.

Activity 16 .3
Discuss
Ask the following questions to the people who do cleaning jobs around your
house or school.
• Since when have they been doing this work?
They have been doing this work since 10-15 years.
• How much have they studied?
Majority of them have not studied beyond class 5.
• Have they tried to look for some other work?
No, they have not tried to look for some other work.
• Did the elders in their family also do this work?
Yes, the elders in their family also do this work.
• What kind of difficulties do they face in doing this work?
They have to bear the foul smell. The foul smell often results in nausea and headache.
Their job is considered as dirty job and hence they are looked down upon by other
people.

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 Activity 16 .4

What are the different kinds of work being done in the above image? List any
five.
1. Milking a cow 2. Working in garden
3. Carrying garbage 4. Sweeping the road
5. Waste picking
If you were asked to do any five jobs shown in the picture, which ones would
you choose?
1. Teacher 2. Shopkeeper 3. Doctor 4. Scientist 5. Artist
Which five jobs would you not choose? Why?
1. Sweeper 2. Labourer 3. hawker 4. Gatekeeper 5. Worker
I want to do a job so that I and my parents can be proud of. I want to do respectful job
and also want to earn better.

Activity 16 .5
Discuss
• What kind of work or jobs do people not want to do? Why?
People do not want to do those works which are not challenging and not require much
of mental ability. Job like cleaning, sweeping etc.

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 •  ho does such kind of work? Why do people do this kind of work that
W
others do not want to do?
Poor and uneducated people do this kind of work. The poverty does not allow them to
study. Lack of education makes them unfit for doing most of the jobs.
• What would happen if nobody cleared the garbage lying outside your school
or your house for one week?
If nobody would do this work, it will create problems. If will start giving bad smell due
to the process of rotting. It could create epidemics also.
• Do community cleaners play an important role in our society?
Yes, they always comes and if the drains are clogged, he leads a team of like minder
people to clear the drain.

Activity 16 .6
Why did Gandhiji and his team start doing the job of cleaning? What do you
think about him?
Gandhiji was right that every person should do every kind of work. By doing a work
we can understand the importance of that work.
Do you know any people in your area who try to help others in solving the
problems? Find out.
Yes, there is a gentleman in my colony who always comes out to help others. He
always takes inititative to solve any people faced by the people of my society.
Guests at Gandhiji’s ashram had to learn this work also. If you were one of
these guests, what would you do?
I would have learnt this work and would happily done that.
How do people generally behave with those people who clean toilets and
drains?
People generally behave very badly with those who clean toilets and drains. People
consider them as untouchable. People avoid talking to those who clean toilets.

Activity 16 .7
Gandhiji used to say that every person should do every kind of work. What
do you feel about this? If everyone followed this, what are the things that
would change? What are the changes that will happen in your own house?
Gandhiji was right that every person should do every kind of work. By doing a work
we can understand the importance of that work. If everyone followed this then people
will start showing more respect to others.

Activity 16 .8
Name the professions shown in the pictures.
1. Barber 2. Doctor 3. Mechanic
4. Housewife 5. Teacher 6. Driver

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 EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. Gandhiji 2. Narendra Modi
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. ashram 2. cleaning 3. untouchability
4. community 5. argue
D. Answer the following:
1. People do jobs according to their skills, so they do different kinds of jobs.
2. Narayan’s job in the ashram was to teach people how to clean toilets.
3. The people of a particular community did the cleaning work in Gandhiji’s ashram.
4. Bhimrao Baba Saheb Ambedkar was famous for his campaign against social
discrimination towards the scheduled castes.

CHAPTER

17 Across the Wall

Activity 17 .1
List the name of games that we can play in groups.
Football Kabaddi Cricket
What is more necessary in games – to play for an individual or to play for a
team? Why?
It is necessary in games to play for a team. Because the team needs to win team’s
performance is more important than person’s.
How should a child react if he/she loses the game?
They respond by pouting, crying and uncontrollable anger inside.

Activity 17 .2
Discuss
• Do girls and boys play different types of games in your school or
neighbourhood? If yes, then which games do the boys play and which games
do the girls play?
Both play all games but some games are preferred by boys and some others are
preferred by girls boys prefer to play cricket while girls prefer to play badminton.

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 •  o you think that there is any difference between the games and ways in
D
which they are played by boys and girls?
Yes, there are some differences boys prefer those games which required more physical
activity while girls play those games which needless physical activity.
• Should the games for boys and girls be different? What do you think?
Both the boys and girls play all games. I would like to play for team.
• The players are recognised by their ability to play rather than by their
economic status. Justify the statement.
Yes, the players are recognised by their ability to play.

Activity 17 .3
How many breaths in one minute?
•
Put your finger under your nose. Can you feel any air when you breathe out
from your nose?
Yes, I can feel the air when I breathe out from my nose.
• Count how many times in one minute do you breathe in and breathe out?
I breathe in and out about 20 times in a minute.
• Jump 30 times. Did you feel breathless?
On jumping 30 times. I feel breathless.
• Again count how many times in one minute you breathed in and out.
I breathed about 30 times in a minute.
• What was the difference in your count before and after jumping?
I breathed in and out about 10 times more than what I did normally. It shows that
jumping increased the rate of breathing.

Activity 17 .4
Write
• Have you ever played as part of a team of your class, school or neighbourhood?
Whom did you play with? What game did you play?
Yes, I have played interschool competition the game name was kabaddi.
• While playing in a team, would you like to play for yourself or for the team?
Why?
While playing in a team game I would like to play for the team and not for myself.
This is because the team needs to coin. Team’s performance is more important than
personal.
• Have you ever taken part in some game or competition from your school or
area? How did you feel?
Yes, I had taken part in a game from my school. I felt a sense of responsibility because
I was representing my school.

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 Activity 17 .5
Have you gone to some other place to play? What was that place like? How
did you like going to that place?
Yes, once I had been to Surat to play.
Have you seen matches being played between India and other countries?
Which ones?
Yes, I have seen cricket matches. Played between India and other countries.
Name the players of India’s cricket, football and kabaddi teams.
Cricket – Virat Kohli, Rohit Sharma, M.S. Dhoni
Football – Sunil Chhetri, Sandesh Jhingan, Sahal Samad.
Kabaddi – Deepak Niwas Hooda, Pawan Sehrawat, Pardeep Narwall.

Activity 17 .6
What would happen if girls were not allowed to play games, to study or do
some other work of their choice?
If girls were not allowed to play, it would make for an uneven world where only boys
will get all the facilities and attention.
How would you feel if you were not allowed to take part in some game or
drama?
I feel very bad.
Have you heard of any women players? Name them and the games they play.
Saina Nehwal – Badminton
Sania Mirza – Tennis
In which areas, other than sports, have you heard of women getting
recognition?
Kiran Bedi – Police officer
Kalpana Chawla – Astronaut
Are these women less known than men? Why?
These women are equally popular in our country, people realise that both are equal.
How would you find the world to be, if girls never got a chance to take part
in games, drama or dance? How would you feel if such a thing happened to
boys?
It would make for an uneven world where men get all the facilities.
Do you know of any woman or girl who you would want to be like when you
grow up?
Yes, I want to be like Kalpana Chawla when I grow up.

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 Activity 17 .7
Find out
• Is there any place to play near your house?
Yes, there is a park near my house which is used by children for playing.
• What do people play there? Who plays there?
People play all sorts of games like cricket, badminton, football, etc.
• Do the children of your age also get a chance to play there?
Yes, children of my age also get a chance to play there.
• What other things happen at that place?
Some people come here for jogging. While some others do Yoga. Many people just
enjoy gossiping in this park.
• Has anyone ever stopped you from playing some games? Which games?
Yes, I was stopped from playing cricket.
• Who stopped you and why? What did you do then?
Sometimes some elders stop us from playing cricket. They always fear that the ball may
hit them.
• Did anyone help you and encourage to play?
Yes, my father has always encouraged me for playing.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. Nagpada Basketball Association 2. Khushnoor
3. Afsana 4. association
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. football 2. basketball 3. cricket 4. badminton 5. tennis
D. Answer the following:
1. We can apply colours, cement and bricks on walls.
2. Bricks are reddish brown in colour.

Multiple-Choice Question
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a)

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 CHAPTER

18 No Place for Us?

Activity 18 .1
Write the differences between the life in a city and a village.
City life Village life
1. Houses are made of bricks, mud 1. Houses are made of bamboo, mud and
and cement. grass.
2. There is electricity and poles are 2. There is no electricity.
fitted with street lights.
3. There are taps for water supply. 3. There is a single well for drinking water.
4. Buses are mode of transport. 4. Bullock cart is only mode of transport.
5. There is a primary school and a 5. There is no school or hospital.
primary health centre.

Activity 18 .2
Draw a scene of your dream place.

Activity 18 .3
Have you ever felt alone in a crowd of people?
Once I was in market which was full of people. As I did not know anybody. So I felt
alone.
How would you feel if you have to leave your place and go far away to live
in a new place?
It must be very difficult to leave one’s own place. Everything will be new in the new
place. Everything will look like stranger.

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 Why do you think families come to big cities?
Smaller cities do not have much of opportunity poor people and people who want to
earn more. They come to big cities.
Have you seen any children in your school or neighbourhood who also go to
work?
Yes, I have seen some children from my neighbourhood who go to work.
What kind of work do they do? Why do they have to work?
I regularly see many children selling various items on trafic junctions.
“The city people do not create garbage. Cities are dirty because of the
certain areas.” How do you feel about this?
It is totally incorrect to put all the blame on some areas city people also produce lot of
garbage. Many people throw garbage on the road.

Activity 18 .4
What do you learn from your elders?
Respecting elders, Maintaining love and affection with friends and relatives helping in
household work.
How should a child’s life be?
Child’s life to be enjoyable.
Which activities should children be engaged in?
Children should be engaged in dancing, playing flute and dhol, making vessels.

Activity 18 .5
Do you hear the sound of birds every day? Which ones?
Yes, I hear sounds of some birds.
guttar – guttar of pigeon
kav – kav of crow.
What are some of the sounds that you hear every day?
Everyday we hear the sound of birds, animals, vehicles’ sound
Have you experienced silence? When and where?
Yes, When I go to sleep at night then I experience silence.

Activity 18 .6
Who all come to your mind when you think about your family?
When I think about my family, first my parents come to my mind.
Have you heard of people who do not want to be moved from their old
place?
Yes, my grandparents do not want to leave their old place.
Do you know some people who have never been to school? Do you also
know of any place where there is no school?
Yes, the maidservant who comes to our house has never been to school. She said that
there is no school in her village.

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 Activity 18 .7
What difficulties do you think people have to face in the place where a dam
is being built?
Houses and farms get destroyed, Thousands of people are forced to leave their homes.
Discuss the different aspects of dams.
Storage dams are constructed to store water during the rainy seasons.
Give examples of dams.
Diversion dam, Embankment dam, Storage dam etc.

Activity 18 .8
Do you know of any family that has come to your town after having moved
out of their place?
Yes, the maidservant who comes to our house has come from a small village in Bengal.
From where have they come? Why have they come there?
She has come from a small village in Bengal. She come to Delhi as there was severe
flood in her village.
What kind of place did they live in there? How do they find this new place
compared to the old one?
They are living in a nearby slum. Houses are made of tin sheets and roofs are made of
plastic.
Is their language and way of living different from that of the people in your
area? In what ways?
Her native language is Bengali and she is uncomfortable with Hindi.
Have you ever read or heard of a city area being removed? How do you feel
about this?
Yes, recently there was news of a slum being removed from an area near my home I
feel very bad.
People also shift from one place to another when they get transferred in
their jobs? How do they feel then?
It is always difficult to leave a place and start a life in a new place.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. villages 2. shelters 3. agriculture 4. Gurgle
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. nap 2. slum 3. terrible 4. shack 5. gurgle

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 D. Answer the following:
1. There were many soothing sounds – the guogle of flowing water, the murmur of trees
and the chirping of birds.
2. The people of Sinduri made fun of Khedi people by calling them ‘unwanted guests’.
3. If someone fell ill in Khedi village, there were many people who knew how to treat
them with medicines made from plants.

CHAPTER

19 A Seed Tells a Farmer’s Story

Activity 19 .1
How do people harvest crops? Describe in your own words.
With harvester, which cuts the crop. A harvester can be combined with other Machinery
that threshes and cleans the grain as well. I can be manually by dropping the grain and
chaff from a height.

Activity 19 .2
Which tool is used to harvest crops? Draw and name it.
Harvester is used to harvest crops.

Harvester

Activity 19 .3
How will you prepare manure at home? Describe in your own words.
1. Segregate household waste, such as leftover food, paper, peels of fruits and vegetables,
into dry and wet. Put the dry and wet waste in two different containess.
2. When the container of the wet waste is full, put its contents into the first compost pot.
3. Add dry leaves, semi-composted materials or cow dung to start with the decomposition
process.
4. The pile should be at the right level of dompness.
5. Once the pot is full, leave it open for 30-45 days for the decomposition.
6. Then move the semi-composted matter into a larger container or bin.
7. After two months the waste will convert into rich compost.

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 Activity 19 .4
Are rotis made in your home? From which grains are they made?
Yes, rotis are made in my home. They are usually made from wheat and maize.
Have you ever eaten a roti made from bajra or jowar? Did you like the taste?
Yes, they were tasty.
In your house, what is done to protect grains and pulses from insects?
My mother keeps in air tight containers sometimes she dries in the Sun.
Are grains stored in your house for years?
Yes
How are grains stored in your house?
In my house, my mother keeps in air tight containers.

Activity 19 .5
Which are the different festivals related to farming celebrated in different
seasons? Describe any one festival.
Lohri is celebrated in the winter on 13th January in Punjab. Pongal is celebrates in
Tamil Nadu. Seasame seeds and jaggery are common used in almost all states.
Name three special foods that are made in a specific season.
Undhiyu is made in winter.
Aamras is made in Summar.
Find out the names of any two special foods that were cooked earlier but
are not cooked any more.
Laddoos of seasame seed and of beaten rice were made in home. Now, we just buy
gajak from the market.
Find out about the crops – cereals, vegetables, pulses – that are grown in
your area. Of these, is there anything that is famous across the country?
Many crops like wheat, maize, potatoes, mangoes etc. are grown in my area mango is
famous in my area.

Activity 19 .6
“With profits from our fields, we can progress.” What is your understanding
of progress?
People get better houses to live in. They get more nutrious food to eat children get
better schooling, Houses have all modem gadgets like TV, fridge, laptop etc.
What kind of progress would you like to see in your area for farming?
In my area better roads, a good public transportation a big park and playground.
Name two old and new equipments of farming.
Old – Portable engine, stationary steam engine, threshing machine
New – Mini sprayer, Trolley pump, cultivator
How many crops are grown in a year?
Kharif crops and rabi crops are grown in a year.

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 Name the crops that grow in India.
Rice, Wheat, Bajra, Maize, Vegetables and fruits etc.
Do farmers grow crops according to seasons?
Yes, farmers grow crops according to seasons.
Which crops are grown in a particular season?
Kharif crops are cultivated in Monsoon season & rabi crops are cultivated in Spring
season.
Which crops need a large amount of water?
Rice, fruits, vegetables need a large amount of water.
What would happen if all the farmers were to use only one kind of seed and
grow only one kind of crop?
It will be a scare situation we cannot survive by eating just one kind of crop. We need
many other food to satisfy our taste.
What is meant by farmers and farming?
A person who owns or manages a farm farming means managing a farm or working
on it.
Activity 19 .7
Draw a scene of a farmer working on their farm and describe the scene in
your own words.
In a farm there is a big house at one edge of the farm. The house has big courtyard.
There is a tractor, a threshing machine and many small equipments kept outside the
house. There are 5-6 people who live at farm. They have been working on this farm
since last many years.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. True
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.
1. Multiple 2. Canals 3. tractor
C. Correct the jumbled words.
1. farming 2. tractor 3. fertility 4. scarecrow 5. cart
D. Answer the following:
1. Farmers have to take a loan to grow crops.
2. The people who give money at a rate of interest are called moneylenders.
3. Chemical and natural fertilisers are used for farming.
4. There is a little profit in farming now because farmers get very less money for the work
they do.
5. Mango is eaten in summers.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (c)

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 CHAPTER

20 Whose Forests?

Activity 20 .1
Draw different kinds of animals that live in a forest.

Activity 20 .2
Describe a forest in your own words.
Forest is a large area thickly covered with varieties of trees. It is home to different
animals, insects and birds.
Explain: ‘Planting thousands of trees does not make a forest’.
A forest is more than thick green cover.
Discuss the web of relationship between plants, trees and animals in a
forest. How are they dependent on each other for food, security and habitat?
Forests are essential for us. They help in maintain the balance in the environment green
parts absorb harmful gases and release oxygen. Forests provide wood, herbs, many
raw materials for us many tribal depend on forest for their livelihood.

Activity 20 .3
Stick the leaves of different types of trees and name them.

Banana Tree Coconut Tree Neem Tree

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 Activity 20 .4
Other than trees, what all are there in a forest?
Other than trees there are animals, birds and particular type of tribe, people live there.
Do all forests have similar types of trees? Name the trees that are found in
forests.
No, Different forests have different types of trees. There are peepal, banyan, neem etc.
“If the forests are not there, we too will not remain”. Why so?
Forest help in maintaining the balance of environment. Forest provide us wood, herbs,
many raw materials.

Activity 20 .5
Discuss the lives of forest-dwellers and their relationship with the forest.
Forest dwellers have their own culture which is altogether different. They are not
uncivilized.
In which states of India, we find forests? Name the forests.
Forests are in almost all states of India. Ex. In Gujarat - Gir
Which organisations are working to save forests and forest people?
Many NGOs are working to save forests and forest people.

Activity 20 .6
Do you love forests?
Yes, we love forest.
Is there any place around your area which you feel should be open to
everyone, but where people are not allowed to go?
Yes, there is a lake in my town. I have heard that for security reasons, people are not
allowed to go near that lake.
Who do you think the forest belongs to?
Forests belong to everyone.
“Forest is our collective bank not yours or mine alone”. Are there other
things which are our collective wealth? How should we use our collective
wealth?
Yes, there are some other things which are our collective wealth like groundwater, fish
in the rivers and sea, minerals, fossil fuel, etc.

Activity 20 .7
Some people have moved so far away from the forest that they cannot
understand the lives of forest people. Explain the statement in your own
words.
Someone who is seen as uncivilized, but forest dwellers have their own culture. Their
living style different rather than us.

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 What do you know about how forest-dwellers live?
They live simple life. They wear simple clothes. They depend on forest products. They
have very good knowledge of medicine herbs.
Give information about the Right to Forest Act 2007.
According to act people who have been living in the forests for at least 25 years, have
the right over the forest land and what is grown on it.

Activity 20 .8
Do you know any one who works to save forests?
Yes, I know in my neighbourhood who runs her own NGO and works for protecting the
forests.
How does the cutting down of forests affect the weather?
The degradation of forests ultimately leads to a decrease in oxygen and a sufficient
increase of carbon dioxide in atmosphere.
Find out the places where the forests have been cut down for developmental
projects.
Plain areas where the construction is going on for residential and industrial work.

Activity 20 .9
Locate the forest region on the given map of India.
68° 72° 76° 80° 84° 88° 92° 96°
36°

36°

32°

32°

28°

28°

24°
r
24° Tropic of Cance

20°

20°

16°

12°

12°

8°

8°

4°
4°

72° 76° 80° 84° 88° 92°

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 • Which state of India has the maximum number of forests?
Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh
• Which state of India has the least number of forests.
According to the Indian Forest State Report, Punjab and Haryana have the lowest
percentage of forests in India.

Activity 20 .10
Discuss jhoom farming.
After cutting one crop the land is left as it is for some years. Nothing is grown there. The
bamboo or weeds are not pulled out. They are cut and burnt the ash makes the land
fertile. They get mixed with the soil. This helps in making the soil fertile.
Discuss the hilly terrain of the north-east, the state of Mizoram, and the
unique system of jhoom farming followed there.
Lottery for farming is in practice in the hills of Mizoram. The land belongs to the whole
village not to separate people. So they take turns to do farming on different parts of the
land. People get chance to choose the land by lottery.
Describe the ‘Cheraw dance’ in your own words.
Cheraw is a special dance performed after harvest in Mizoram. In this dance, people
sit in pairs in front of each other. Holding bamboo sticks on the ground. As the drum
beats, the bamboos are beaten to the ground Dancers step in and out of the bamboo
sticks and dance to the beat.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True
B. Correct the jumbled words.
1. forest 2. paper 3. trees 4. medicines
5. fertilisers 6. tractor 7. chemicals 8. soil
C. Answer the following:
1. Forest-dwellers live in forest. They eat leaves and raw fruits and vegetables, so they
are dependent on forest. They make medicines and even build their houses using the
products taken from forests.
2. If forest disappeared, more pollution would be caused.
3. Suryamani worked for Kuduk community.

Multiple-Choice Questions
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c)

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 CHAPTER

21 Like Father, Like Daughter

Activity 21 .1
Draw or paste a picture of your family.

You look like your father in your family.

Activity 21 .2
Stick here a photo of yourself with your father in the same pose.

Activity 21 .3
Does your face or anything else look similar to that of someone else in your
family? Who is it?
Yes, some of my facial features resemble to someone else in my family.
Did someone tell you this or did you find it yourself?
Yes, many people told me that I look like my father.

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  ow do you feel when people compare you with someone else in your
H
family? Why do you feel so?
When someone compare me with someone else in my family. I feel good. It makes me
think I am the part of a great family.
Who laughs the loudest in your family?
My grandfather
Have you seen a very young child in your or any other family? Whom does
the child’s eyes, nose, hair or fingers look like in the family? Write their
names.
My youngest sister’s hair curly, just like my nani’s.

Activity 21 .4
What is the colour of your hair? Measure and write the length of your hair.
Light brown. It is 30 cm long.
Is your hair like that of anyone else in your family? If yes, then name the
person and your relation with them.
My hair look like my mother’s hair
Who has the longest hair in your family?
My grandmother.
How many people do you know whose hair is longer than one metre?
2-3
Compare the length of your and parents’ hair.
My parents’ hair long as compare my hair.

Activity 21 .5
Do you know how to measure your height?
Using metre scale
Measure yourself from head to toe and write how tall you are.
My height is about 120 cm.
How tall do you think you will be when you grow up?
I think I will be about 6 feet in height.
Is anyone else in your family of the same height?
My cousin brother is the same highted.
Measure the height of your family members and write it down.
Father 168 cm, Mother 150 cm, Brother 150 cm
Measure your weight.
My height 120 cm
Measure the weight of your family members.
My father 80 kg, My mother 70 kg

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 Activity 21 .6
 o you know any twins? What is similar in them? How are they different?
D
Yes, there are two brothers in my class. They look similar in almost one of them has a
mole on the left check.
Do you know twins who do not look the same?
Yes, there are brother and sister in my neighbourhood. They look different from each
other.
We acquire certain traits at birth from our parents and some things we learn
from the environment. Discuss the things you acquire from your parents and
a few things that you learn from the environment.
In my family Everyday in the morning we pray to wood together and I learnt from my
neighbour that don’t speak loudly in front of elders.
Are there people in your house who talk loudly? Is it their habit or they
cannot hear very well?
My Tau and my grandfather talk very loudly. My Tau does it out of habit. My grandfather
does it because he cannot hear properly.
Are there times when you do not talk loudly in front of some people? When?
With whom? Why?
Yes, there are times when I do not talk loudly. I talk softly in front of my father, mother
and tau because I respect them. I have to talk loudly because he cannot hear my soft
voice.
Some people use a machine in their ear to help them hear better. Do you
know someone who does so?
Yes, My nana uses a hearing aid. My nani uses spectacles to see properly.
Talk to people who cannot hear very well. Find out if they had this problem
from birth. When did they start to have a problem with hearing? What
difficulties do they have?
My grandfather cannot hear very well. The problem started around 5 years ago. Doctor
say that it is because of old age. Due to hearing problems he is unable to enjoy talking
over telephone.

Activity 21 .7
Have you read or heard anything about pulse? When?
Yes, there is a boy in my neighbour who has polio. He is unable to walk properly.
Have you read or heard any news about ‘pulse polio’? What?
Yes, pulse polio is a programme run by government to eradicate polio from the country.
The vaccine is given free of cost to every child below 5 years of age.
Do you know anyone who has polio?
Yes, parth my friend has polio.

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 Is polio curable?
There is no cure for polio.
Name some other diseases through which people easily get infected?
Measles, chickenpox, cold these are diseases which are get infected easily.

EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. False 3. True 4. False
B. Correct the jumbled words.
1. family 2. daughter 3. father 4. brother 5. sister
C. Answer the following.
1. Because he wanted to become a monk and he believed in God.
2. People who are born at the same time are called twins.
3. Dust particles in our nose cause sneezing.

CHAPTER

22 On the Move Again

Activity 22 .1
Name the activities shown in the pictures.
Talking   Dancing   Eating     Running
Jumping Skipping Exercising

Activity 22.2
Discuss the issues related to borrowing money, loans, debts and agents.
Borrowing money, loans, debts is the lending of money by one or more individuals
organizations and a person. Whose job is to do business for a company.
Why do we require money?
Money is necessary for obtaining the goods and services you need to survive.
What is meant by loans? Why do we need to take loans?
Somebody lends money it is called loan. One major reason to borrow money from
bank.
What are debts?
Debt is money borrowed from another party, for something you can’t afford.

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 Activity 22 .3
Discuss various methods of irrigation in the farms like tube wells, canals
and wheel for water lifting.
Tube well irrigation comes under lift irrigation. Water Supply by canals to more farms,
wheel is water lifting device.
On what farmers generally depend for agriculture production?
Farmers generally depend on rain for agricultures.
What would happen if there was no rainfall?
If there was no rainfall, there would be occurred drought conditions.
Which other methods are used in farming for water supply?
Sprinkler irrigation

Activity 22 .4
What arrangements are made at your home for old and unwell family
members when everyone goes for work?
In my home, ladies do not go to walk. They stay back and take care of elderly and
unwell family members.
What happens when you are not able to go to school for a long time?
When I am not able to go to the school for a long time. I find it difficult to cope with he
advance lessons.
Do you know of any jobs/work for which people have to stay away from their
families for many months?
Jobs in armed forces, jobs in merchant navy, studying in a boarding school.
What are the similarities and differences in the lives of different kinds of
farmers?
Similarities Differences
Most of the farmers are fully dependent Some farmers have their own land
on farming for their livelihood

Activity 22 .5
 Discuss what arrangements can be made for educating children of
communities that are on the move.
Children can get enrolled in a school in the new town. He can also look for evening
school.
Discuss for what kind of work some communities migrate from one place to
another.
1. Transfer in jobs
2. for new jobs they have to migrate from one place to another.

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 EXERCISES
A. State whether the following statements are true or false.
1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True
B. Fill the missing letters.
1. F a r m i ng 2. I r r ig a t ion
3. Su g a r c an e 4. C r o ps
5. Tr e e
C. Answer the following:
1. Moneylenders lend money on a particular rate of interest to people.
2. The workers got a receipt in the factory to show how much sugar cane they had given.
3. The sugar cane bundles are taken to sugar factories for processing.
4. The receipt given in the sugar factory was given to the agent and the agent gave him
money for the next week’s expenses.

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