KO1 Transport in cell Homework Q1.

Starch is digested to form sugar molecules in the digestive system.

(a) What is the name of the enzyme that digests starch?

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Where are most food molecules absorbed?

Tick (✓) one box.

Large intestine

Liver

Small intestine

Stomach

(1)

Figure 1 shows two villi.

Figure 1 also shows one cell on the surface of a villus as seen using an electron
microscope.

Figure 1

Page 1 of 11
(c) Give one advantage of using an electron microscope compared with using a light
microscope.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) What type of blood vessel is labelled X?

Tick (✓) one box.

Artery

Capillary

Vein

(1)

(e) The real length of one villus is 0.8 mm

Calculate the image length if the villus is viewed at a magnification of ×20

Use the equation:

Page 2 of 11
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Image length = _______________ mm

(3)

Figure 2 shows two cells from the surface of a villus.

There are sugar molecules inside and next to each cell.

Figure 2

(f) Name the process by which sugar moves into cell A.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(g) Name the process by which sugar moves into cell B.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(h) Give one use of sugar in the body.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(i) Figure 1 is repeated below.

Figure 1

Page 3 of 11
 Explain how villi are adapted for efficient absorption of sugar molecules.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(4)
(Total 14 marks)

Q2.
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising
information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.

Diffusion is an important process in animals and plants.

The movement of many substances into and out of cells occurs by diffusion.

Describe why diffusion is important to animals and plants.

Page 4 of 11
 In your answer you should refer to:

• animals

• plants

• examples of the diffusion of named substances.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

Extra space _____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
(Total 6 marks)

Q3.
Plant roots absorb water from the soil by osmosis.

(a) What is osmosis?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Page 5 of 11
 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)

(b) The image below shows part of a plant root.

The plant root is adapted for absorbing water from the soil.

Use information from the diagram to explain how this plant root is adapted for
absorbing water.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Q4.
Some students set up this experiment to investigate osmosis. They filled two pieces of
dialysis [visking] tubing with different liquids and left them both in a beaker of 5% sucrose
solution for an hour.

Page 6 of 11
(a) Describe and explain the likely results after one hour.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(6)

(b) Describe two examples where osmosis is used in living things.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

Page 7 of 11
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) amylase
allow phonetic spelling
allow carbohydrase
do not accept amylose
1

(b) small intestine

1

(c) any one from:

• greater magnification
• higher resolving power
allow can see (smaller) sub-cellular structures /
parts
allow can see more detail (inside cells)
allow reference to 3-D images
1

(d) capillary
1

(e)

20 =
1

image length = 0.8 x 20

1

image length = 16 (mm)

1

(f) diffusion
1

(g) active transport

allow active uptake
1

(h) any one from:

• respiration
allow as an energy source
do not accept to make / use / create / produce
energy
• to form glycogen
• to make amino acids / proteins
allow to make lipid / fat
1

(i) Level 2: Relevant points (reasons/causes) are identified, given in detail and
logically linked to form a clear account.
3−4

Page 8 of 11
 Level 1: Points are identified and stated simply, but their relevance is not clear and
there is no attempt at logical linking.
1−2

No relevant content
0

Indicative content

• have (many) microvilli

• (to) increase surface area

• wall of villus only one cell thick or is thin

• capillaries are close to surface
• (so) short pathway

• good blood supply

• (to) transport food molecules away or to the body
• (and) maintain a diffusion gradient

• cells have many mitochondria

• (where) respiration takes place
• (where) energy is transferred
• (as) active transport requires energy
• energy is needed to absorb sugar / food / molecules

For Level 2 must make links between structure and it's function
[14]

Q2.
Marks awarded for this answer will be determined by the Quality of Written
Communication (QWC) as well as the standard of the scientific response. Examiners
should also apply a ‘best-fit’ approach to the marking.

0 marks
No relevant content.

Level 1 (1 – 2 marks)
An example is given of a named substance
or
a process
or
there is an idea of why diffusion is important eg definition.

Level 2 (3 – 4 marks)
At least one example of a substance is given
and
correctly linked to a process in either animals or plants.

Level 3 (5 – 6 marks)
There is a description of a process occurring in either animals or plants that is
correctly linked to a substance
and
a process occurring in the other type of organism that is correctly linked to a
substance.

examples of points made in the response

Page 9 of 11
 Importance of diffusion:

• to take in substances for use in cell processes

• products from cell processes removed

Examples of processes and substances:

• for gas exchange / respiration: O2 in / CO2 out

• for gas exchange / photosynthesis: CO2 in / O2 out
• food molecules absorbed: glucose, amino acids, etc
• water absorption in the large intestine
• water lost from leaves / transpiration
• water absorption by roots
• mineral ions absorbed by roots
extra information
Description of processes might include:
• movement of particles / molecules / ions
• through a partially permeable membrane
• (movement of substance) down a concentration
gradient
• osmosis: turgor / support / stomatal movements
[6]

Q3.
(a) any three from:

• (water through a) partially permeable

accept ‘semi permeable’ / selectively permeable
• membrane
• from dilute to (more) concentrated solution
allow ‘from a high concentration of water to a lower
concentration (of water)’
allow ‘from high water potential to low water potential’
allow ‘down a concentration gradient of water’
do not accept ‘along a concentration gradient of water’
• (it‘s a) passive (process)
allow requires no energy
3

(b) (there are) many hairs or thin hairs or hairs are one cell thick
1

(which gives) large / increased surface area or short diffusion pathway

1

(so there is) more diffusion / osmosis (of water into the root)
ignore absorption
1
[6]

Q4.
(a) award 3 marks per tube for each key idea

Page 10 of 11
 for tube 1:

expands or gets firmer or bigger or inflates

it gains water

because the concentration of water is less than its surroundings

make sure answer is about water movement and not
sucrose solution
3

for tube 2

gets floppy or flaccid or contracts

it loses water

because the concentration of water is greater than its surroundings

3

(b) any 2 from:

uptake of water by root (hair) or

movement from cell to cell within
plant
do not credit references to diffusion unless it is clear that the
candidate is referring to the diffusion of water

guard cell function

maintain turgor

water absorption in the large intestine

reabsorption of water from the

nephron or collecting duct or in
kidney or osmoregulation in kidney
allow osmosis in other animals if some use is shown
2
[8]

Page 11 of 11