Scribd
Upload
17 views14 pages

On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) Program Overview

dff

Uploaded by

samarthdulange99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views14 pages

On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) Program Overview

dff

Uploaded by

samarthdulange99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)

Program Overview
On-Board Computer
• Modern vehicles use on- board computers
o Control fuel metering (fuel injection)
o Actuate EGR and purge valves, etc.
o Regulate anti-lock braking
o Control transmission

• OBD II is an extension of the computer


What is On-Board Diagnostics?

• A system in the engine’s on- board computer that


monitors the performance of almost every
emission-related components for malfunctions

• Uses information from sensors to judge


performance of emission controls
o Sensors do not directly measure emissions

• Mostly software that runs diagnostics in the


background
Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL)

• A warning light will


appear on the
vehicle's instrument
panel to alert the
driver if a malfunction
is detected
• When a malfunction is
detected, information about
the malfunctioning component
is stored
• Technicians can download the
information with a “scan tool”
to help fix vehicle
• Information also used by Smog
Check inspectors
• Information is communicated in
a standardized format so one
tool works with all vehicles (SAE
and ISO standards)
Why Is OBD Needed?

• Maintain Emission Control Systems In- Use


o Deterioration with age
o Oldest 20% of vehicles cause 60% of pollution

• Help Technicians Properly Diagnose and Repair


Complex Problems
Other Benefits of OBD
• Encourages design of durable and robust emission
control systems

• Helps keep emissions


ons low by identifying emission controls
in need of repair

• Provides for effective/inexpensive emission inspections

• Works for life of the vehicle


Consumer Cost Benefits
• Early Detection of Malfunctions
o Prevent secondary malfunctions (e.g., detect misfire before catalyst
damaged)
o Marginal components replaced during warranty

• Eliminates Unnecessary Repairs


o Fault codes and other scan tool data give information about area of
malfunction or the specific component
o Contrast: tailpipe test simply identifies high emissions, but not fault
information, repairs are often trial and error
Aspects of an Effective OBD
Program
Clarification of
OEM
requirements (reg.
submits
updates/guidance
application
documents)

Regulations Certification

Enforcement/ Staff review


remedial action, of
in-use issues application
Enforcement

Certification
OBD Requirement Concepts
• Emission threshold monitoring
o Malfunction Indicator Light on when emissions increase X%
o Usually based on 1.5 x standards
o 8-20 per vehicle
• Non- emission threshold monitoring
o Comprehensive components
o Functional, rational, electrical
o 75-200 diagnostics per vehicle
• Standardization Requirements
o Information OBD system required to store
• OBD testing and validation
o Pre- and post-production;
production; by vehicle manufacturer
Example of how OBD works:
Catalyst Monitoring
• Oxygen sensor data used to evaluate catalyst
conversion performance
• Manufacturer correlates tailpipe emissions with
catalyst system performance based on oxygen
sensor data.
• OBD system is calibrated to turn on MIL and
store fault information for the catalyst when
performance drops to the point where
emissions exceed malfunction threshold (1.75 X
HC or NOx standard)
Continuous
ontinuous Testing
⦿ Also known as “OBD III” or “Remote OBD”
⦿ Vehicle OBD system status is
periodically/continuously transmitted and recorded
⦿ Vehicles without problems don’t have to be
inspected
⦿ If a vehicle has a malfunction, the owner addresses
it within a reasonable period of time.
Remote OBD
Technologies
• Cellular
• Short Range
o Wifi
o FM
o Bluetooth

• OEM Telematics
o On-star

You might also like