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Biostats Worksheet - Week 4 (2024)

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28 views

Biostats Worksheet - Week 4 (2024)

Uploaded by

yuxuanzhao7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BMS1042 Public Health and Preventive Medicine

Biostatistics tutorial – Week 4: Distribution of Samples

Tutorial objectives:
● Describe t-distributions
● Understand the creation of a sampling distribution
● Understand the Central Limit theorem and its uses
● Know how to quantify uncertainty in data.

Things needed for biostatistics tutorials:


 Laptop or tablet with Microsoft Excel toolkit | Graph Pad Prism 9 | SPSS (via MOVE)
(Note: Graph Pad Prism is not required until Week 3 & not available on tablets.)
 Scientific calculator.

Before the tutorial complete:


 Worksheet
 Watch the 3 videos for Activities 1 & 2
 Distribution of samples – eBook on Moodle

During the tutorial we will cover:


 Activity 1: Understanding the t Distribution
 Activity 2: Understanding the relationship between SE, SD and n
 Activity 3: Apply your understanding

 Small group work: Activity 4: Bladder cancer question

After the tutorial, you will complete in your own time:


 Consolidation Activity 5: Lecture concepts review
 Consolidation Activity 6: Extra practice calculation question
Activity 1: Understanding the t-Distribution

Task: Watch the “ESCI Normal Z t” video on Moodle.

Sketch the Normal & t distributions when:


df = 1

df = 5

df = 30

Explain in your own words what is happening as the t-distribution goes from df = 1 to df = 30.
Activity 2: Understanding the relationship between the Standard error (SE),
Standard deviation (SD) and Sample size (n).

Task 1: Watch the ESCI CIjumping 1 video

How did the means of each of the 20 samples differ?

Task 2: Watch the ESCI CIjumping 2 video

What happened to a) the height of the sampling distribution and b) spread of the sampling distribution, for
each of the four scenarios featured in the video?
200 samples, Mean = 50 200 samples, Mean = 50
Standard deviation = 20 Standard deviation = 20
Sample size = 15 Sample size = 50

200 samples, Mean = 50 200 samples, Mean = 50


Standard deviation = 10 Standard deviation = 10
Sample size = 15 Sample size = 50
Activity 3: Apply your understanding

The BMI of cardiac surgery patients follows a normal distribution, with a true mean = 27.94 and true standard
deviation 4.85. If you draw a random sample of 10 patients from the cardiac surgery population, what is the
probability that the sample mean BMI will be…

a) Less than 27.94 kg/m2?

Calc SE, z score


SE= 4.85/sqrt10 = 1.5337

Z score=

=50%

b) Above 30 kg/m2?

30-27.94/1.5337=1.34
P(Z>1.34) A1=0.0901
=9.1%

c) Between 25 and 30 kg/m2?

88.25%
Small group work: Activity 4: Bladder cancer question
Consider that weight of tumor of bladder cancer patients in the population follows normal distribution with a
mean 50g and standard deviation 5g.
a) If a bladder cancer patient is selected randomly what is the probability that the tumor is less than 45g?
b) If 4 of these patients are selected at random, calculate the probability that the average weight of the 4
tumors (assume each patient has only one tumor) will be greater than 55g?

Hints: Identify what data you have, and do not have.


Work out which formula you need to use for each part of the question

Mean=50
SD=5

16% approx.

45-50/5
=-1
Bc it’s symmetrical we can look at z=1 =15.87%

B) SE=5/sqrt(4)
2.5

z-score=sample mean-pop mean/SE


55-50/2.5=2.0
=2.275%
Consolidation Activity 5: Lecture concepts review

1. What does “Central Limit Theorem” mean?

2. How are the Standard Deviation (SD), Sample size (n) and Standard Error (SE) related in one group?

3. If you take a bigger sample, what will happen to the distribution of the sampling distribution?

4. What will happen to the distribution of the sampling distribution if the spread of the observations in
the sample is large?

5. If we increase the sample size to a sufficiently large one, what would the distribution of the sample
mean be?

6. Does the shape of the sampling distribution for the sample mean depend on the shape of the sampled
population? Explain your answer.

7. Draw the sampling distribution for the sample mean and describe.
Consolidation Activity 6: Extra practice calculation question

Question 1: Suppose that the blood cholesterol level of all men aged 20 to 30 is bell shaped with mean 186
mg/dl and an unknown standard deviation.
In a simple random sample of 100 men from this population the sample standard deviation is 41 mg/dl.
a) What is the probability that the sample mean takes a value between 183 and 189 mg/dl?

b) What is the probability that the sample mean takes a value less than 191 mg/dl?
Table A1: Standard Normal Distribution table (p 470, Essential Medical Statistics)
Table A3: Percentage points of the t Distribution (p 473, Essential Medical Statistics)

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