Exploring Research and Statistics

GRADE AND SECTION: 12STEM2404

NAME OF RESEARCHERS:
1. HAHN, RANZ ELDRIX N.____________
2. MANANQUIL, XAIRA ZENE C._______
3. MANCE, HANNA SOPHIA E.________
4. UY, ANIKA NICOLE M._____________

MAIN
PROPOSED Sustainable Solution for Power Outages During Typhoons:
TOPIC/ Innovating Neodymium Magnets as Emergency Lamp
RESEARCH
PROBLEM # 1
RATIONALE The frequent occurrence of typhoons severely impacts the
power lines causing an interruption in electricity. According to
Pepino et al. (2020), many households still suffer from power
outages. In modern society, essential needs are provided by
electricity (Francisco & Abrigo, 2023), which has a huge impact on
the daily lives of mankind. Additionally, some students face
difficulties in their education without a source of light. This leads
the researchers to explore alternative solutions to mitigate the
impact of power outages in their daily lives. They develop a
solution through an innovative approach by utilizing magnets to
generate free energy to power a lamp.

BACKGROUND The Philippines faces frequent typhoons yearly due to its

OF THE geographical location, leading to power interruptions. According
PROBLEM to Destination Earth (2023), an average of twenty typhoons enter
the Philippines annually. The common problem that individuals
face during this problem is the absence of light. These power
outages can last from hours to days, disrupting the daily life of the
community. As stated by Francisco & Abrigo (2023), electricity is
essential in modern society, as individuals have become more
dependent on using it. The need for electricity during typhoons
limits their ability to do daily tasks without a light source.
ETHICAL The researchers will apply the principles of ethical
CONSIDERATI considerations developed by Bryman and Bell (2007) in
ONS conducting the study, by ensuring the safety of the chosen
population. Informed consent will be obtained with respect to the
participants’ confidentiality and voluntary participation in data
collection. In addition, the gathered data will be used in the study
and the names of the participants will remain anonymous.
Therefore, this study will not harm the participants nor do unethical
behaviors that will affect their well-being.

Related Type of Source: Discussion Paper

Literature and Title: Electricity Supply Interruptions in the Philippines;
Studies Characteristics, Trends, Causes
#1 Author: Francisco, Kris A.
Place of Publication: N/A
Publisher: Philippine Institute for Development
URL/website link:
https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/document/pidsdps2248.pdf
RESEARCH PROBLEM

Electricity supply interruptions in the Philippines is the main

problem in this study. Part of the population deals with electric
interruptions which hinders their productivity. This sets direction in
the future work by understanding the intricacies of power
interruption.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aims to understand the reason for supply

interruptions for the benefit of formulating more appropriate and
realistic policy recommendations for the power sector.

METHODOLOGY

The variables of the study are classified into independent

and dependent variables. Independent variables include the date
and the time the power interruption started, the affected areas, and
the cause of the interruption. The dependent variables are the date
and time the power was restored, the duration of the interruptions,
and the number of affected customers. The population under the
study is the distribution utilities. The sampling technique that was
used is purposive sampling. The research utilizes secondary data
that are gathered from existing and historical data. Additionally, the
study focuses on quantitative data to provide measurable insights
 that are presented through tables, graph, chart, textual presentation
and descriptive analysis.

How did you find it relevant to your study?

This study helps us analyze the cause of power interruptions

and understand the frequent power outages during typhoons which
helps us to develop a solution. Power interruptions occur when
typhoons take place and the given data states that the
environmental factors cause a big portion of disruptions. Therefore,
typhoons became the biggest issue among all of them. Moreover,
this research improves the prototype by analyzing its effectiveness
during the typhoon.
Related Type of Source: Journal Article
Literature and Title: Development of Magnetic Field Energy Generator: A Short
Studies Review
#2 Author: Azfarridzwan Muszaffarsham and Shahrul Azmir Osman
Place of Publication: Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
(UTHM)
Publisher: Penerbit UTHM
URL/website link:
https://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/rpmme/article/vie
w/3737/1679
RESEARCH PROBLEM

This study addressed the use of diesel and petrol in the

generator causing pollution. It is important for a reason that an
alternative was made for powering the generator reducing the
impacts in the environment.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The primary objective in this study is to determine the impact

of the parameter of the energy that is provided by the magnetic field
and design a prototype of the Magnetic Field Generator.

METHODOLOGY

This study will focus on various key variables, including the

amount of force exerted on each axis, magnetic field lines on each
magnet, and the amount of force acting on a moving magnet. The
population used for this study is the magnets, with no specific
sampling technique used. The data is collected as primary data
through observations and generated results from the experiment.
 The study will focus on quantitative data, which will be presented
through line graphs and descriptive analysis.

How did you find it relevant to your study?

This study provides valuable insights and methods about the

whole mechanism. This also gives us an overview of how magnets
should be arranged for it to work. In the method stated in the data,
the repulsion of the magnets allows it to generate electricity by
maintaining the spinning speed which is achieved through the
arrangement of magnets at a certain angle. With the idea of this
existing knowledge, the researchers had an understanding of how
the solution will work and identify the areas that needed
improvement.
Related Type of Source: Technical Paper
Literature and Title: Critical Materials for The Energy Transition: Rare Earth
Studies Elements
#3 Author: Dolf Gielen and Martina Lyons
Place of Publication: N/A
Publisher: International Renewable Energy Agency
URL/website link: https://www.irena.org/Technical-Papers/Critical-
Materials-For-The-Energy-Transition-Rare-Earth-elements
RESEARCH PROBLEM

Rare earth elements are widely used for clean energy and
technology. The growing demand for rare earth elements faces a
challenge in the supply chain.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aims to assess the current state of the rare

earth elements, exploring their supply and demand.

METHODOLOGY

The study focuses on two variables, the independent and

dependent. Independent variables include world production and
reserves of rare earth by country. The dependent variable includes
the price of rare earth oxide and the demand for rare earth and
magnets. The population under this study consists of global
countries that supply and produce rare earth elements. The
purposive sampling technique is the approach that was used to
select the resources. The data collected are composed of
quantitative data through analysis of existing reports and statistical
data from the government or industry resources. These data were
presented through tables, graphs, charts, and textual analysis.
How did you find it relevant to your study?

Given the recurring issue of power interruption during

typhoons, the researcher prioritized the sustainability of the
prototype. Consequently, magnets were selected and utilized as a
way of generating electricity. Furthermore, this data supports the
need to classify what magnet to use and understand the various
purposes of magnets. In this case, Neodymium magnets are
highly in demand for products that use electricity. Overall, with the
use of this type of magnet, it will be possible for the researchers to
create free energy that will power the lamp.
PROPOSED TOPIC/ Detachable Warmer: Improving jackets to fight freezing-
RESEARCH PROBLEM cold temperature
#2
RATIONALE
Jackets and hoodies are widely recognized as
common clothing serving both function and aesthetics
(Zhang, 2023). It provides protection during light rainfall
and prevents fever and illnesses. Importantly, these types
of clothes are valued for their warmth and comfort.
Despite its popularity, it does not effectively combat cold
temperatures. Its fabric is either too thin to provide
sufficient warmth, or too bulky that it limits its fashion
feature and mobility which hinders daily activities.
Understanding these limitations, the researchers decided
to make a jacket with a detachable vest warmer.

BACKGROUND OF THE The long exposure to cold temperatures sends

PROBLEM discomfort to a person. For instance, many students who
take classes in an air-conditioned room cause hindrance
in their focus during classes. Based on Kim et al. (2020),
low temperature affects the student’s academic
performance. In the Philippines, where the temperature is
constantly changing. According to the recent data from
PAGASA, as of 23rd of September, the rainfall for
approximately 70% of parts of the Philippines is above
normal. Resulting in the population experiencing
unusually cold weather. Individuals who are sensitive to
coldness tend to shiver, even though it increases
metabolic heat production, it can still trigger specific acute
and chronic physiological responses. (Castellani &
Young, 2016).

ETHICAL The study will be conducted using ethical

CONSIDERATIONS principles, the study will prioritize the informed consent
regarding the confidentiality and voluntary participation of
the respondents in the data collection process, ensuring
that the data will be handled with utmost discretion to
prevent any misleading information or any biased
representation of primary data findings. To adhere to the
respondents’ safety, the collected data during the study
will remain anonymous to ensure confidentiality.
Related Literature and Type of Source: Journal Article
Studies Title: Bioactive and biodegradable cotton fabrics produced
#1 via the synergic effect of plant extracts and essential oils in
the chitosan coating system
Author: Boleslaw Szadkowski, Magdalena Sliwka-
Kaszynska, Anna Marzec
Place of Publication: N/A
Publisher: Scientific Reports
URL/website link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-
59105-4
How did you find it relevant to your study?

Given that the researchers aim to innovate a jacket

to benefit the people and the environment, this study
became relevant as it mentioned the biodegradability of
cotton, which is a material for the prototype. Cotton is
renowned for its durability and versatility making it
functional and wearable. Furthermore, cotton exhibits
biodegradability which means it has the ability to
decompose. All things considered, using this material will
add comfortability to the prototype, warmth to the body,
and it does not harm the environment.

Related Literature and Type of Source: Journal Article

Studies Title: The effects of local cooling at different torso parts in
#2 improving body thermal comfort in hot indoor environments
Author: Yang Hecheng, Cao Bin, Ju Yi, Zhu Yingxin
Place of Publication: N/A
Publisher: Energy and Buildings
URL/website link:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.06.004
How did you find it relevant to your study?

This study highlights the importance of the body’s

thermal dynamic which improves the efficiency of the
jacket. According to what is stated in the research, the
most vulnerable part of the body to cold temperatures is
the torso. This results in enhancing the design of the
jackets by prioritizing the insulation on the vest to provide
comfort to the torso. With that, the prototype will be an
effective warmer to combat cold temperatures.

Type of Source: Journal Article

Related Literature and Title: A psychophysiological effect of indoor thermal
Studies condition on college students’ learning performance
#3 through EEG measurement
Author: Hakpyeong Kim, Taehoon Hong, Jimin Kim,
Seungkeun Yeom
Place of Publication: N/A
Publisher: International Journal of Building Science and its
Application
URL/website link:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107223
How did you find it relevant to your study?

The article includes information that can support

the background of the problem, wherein it is stated that in
a cold temperature, the student’s learning performance
decreases. Moreover, the article also discusses that
inappropriate temperature and humidity leads to
discomfort which significantly reduces the learning
performance of a student. Thermal discomfort, which is
also commonly referred to as a “non-satisfactory thermal
condition”, is a negative feeling that can not only affect a
students’ learning performance but also the body. Past
research has often focused on how indoor temperatures
can impact both students’ learning performance and well-
being. The study has investigated a link between
students’ learning performance, physical, and mental
response in several indoor temperatures. The findings
discovered in the article highlights the significance of
maintaining optimal indoor temperatures in educational
facilities to be able to support students’ learning and well-
being.

PROPOSED Automatic, Sustainable Waste Segregation: Improving The

TOPIC/ Use Of Waste Segregation
RESEARCH
PROBLEM # 3
RATIONALE Waste sorting involves throwing different wastes like
biodegradable, non-biodegradable and hazardous. It is usually
used a lot in public areas and because of that, people have been
using this practice incorrectly. These can result in serious
 environmental issues, such as land pollution and climate change.
When waste is not properly sorted, valuable recyclable materials
like plastics sometimes end up in landfills, causing bad effects to
the environment. To better solve this problem, implementing
automated waste segregation systems can provide a solution.
This system gives the people a better way to segregate waste
without sorting; it will increase recycling rates and decrease the
number of contaminated waste.

BACKGROUND
OF THE Waste management is a challenge that the people face
PROBLEM everyday, especially in the Philippines. Places filled with different
waste can contribute to severe environmental issues like land
pollution and climate change (EARTHDAY.ORG, 2024). The
lack of the people’s awareness can interrupt effective waste
management. As a result, many wastes ended up in landfills
instead of being recycled. Traditional solid waste management
is one of the previous solutions for that, but overtime, traditional
solid waste management practice has been characterized by the
frequently irresponsible dumping of complex mixed and toxic
solid wastes in landfill sites (Hamer, 2003). This inefficiency can
cause more pollution and risk of climate change.

ETHICAL Adhering to the principles of ethical considerations

CONSIDERATIO developed in carrying out this study, the research conducted
NS assures that the participants will not be subjected to any harm in
any way, respondents’ voluntary participation is crucial to this
study as it respects individuals’ autonomy and right to choose
whether or not to participate. The Data Privacy Act of 2012, most
commonly known as Republic Act No. 10173 which prioritizes
the protection of personal data in information and
communications systems of an individual, ensuring the
confidentiality of respondents who have involvement in the study
being conducted.

Related Type of Source: Article

Literature and Title: Literature Review of Automated Waste Segregation System
Studies using Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Analysis
#1 Author: Myra G. Flores, Jose B. Tan Jr.
Place of Publication: N/A
Publisher: International Journal of Simulation Systems Science &
Technology
URL/website link: https://ijssst.info/Vol-20/No-S2/paper15.pdf
How did you find it relevant to your study?
 This study supports how we can detect any kind of waste
using different techniques like image processing, sensors and
more. In addition, the study talks about the advantages of
automated waste segregation and how it aligns with the problem
that we are solving for. This paper also highlights the importance
of recycling and reducing landfill waste. Overall, the study serves
as valuable for understanding how automated waste segregation
can impact our world.

Related Type of Source: Article

Literature and Title: A Systematic Literature Review of Waste Identification in
Studies Automatic Separation Systems
#2 Author: Juan Carlos Arbeláez-Estrada, Paola Vallejo, Jose
Aguilar, Marta Silvia Tabares-Betancur, David Ríos-Zapata,
Santiago Ruiz-Arenas, Elizabeth Rendón-Vélez
Place of Publication: N/A
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
URL/website link: https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling8060086
How did you find it relevant to your study?

The article supports the study by means that some

challenges include the complexity of the real-world
environments, limited datasets, and the lack of waste
categorization; it was also mentioned that automating waste
segregation can reduce reliance on manual labor, potentially
leading to cost savings. However, it is important to note that
despite these given obstacles or challenges, automatic waste
segregation ensures a promising solution for improving waste
management notably in public areas.

Related Type of Source: Article

Literature and Title: Detecting glass and metal in consumer trash bags during
Studies waste collection using convolutional neural networks
#3 Author: Oliver Istad Funch, Robert Marhaug, Sampsa Kohtala
Place of Publication: N/A
Publisher: International Journal of Integrated Waste Management,
Science and Technology
URL/website link:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X203
05432
How did you find it relevant to your study?

This article supports the topic by showing methods on how to

detect inorganic waste like metals, paper, glass and more. Using
trash bags containing various amounts of glass and metal, is a
common waste found in households. Through that, this article is
a helpful tool of how advanced sensors and sorting technologies
can exactly identify and separate these wastes. To sum it up, the
article serves as an important resource for understanding how
technology can play a role in improving waste segregation.