LESSON PLAN LESSON TITLE: Introduction to Map Reading

Training Objective: 4.1.1 References: Cadet Instructor Handbook - Navigation Method: Lecture Safety Precautions: Additional Points: Location: TBA N/A Stores/Aids: Lecture room with Litepro and screen, Maps, Computer Time: 1x40 min Layout: Classroom

INTRODUCTION TO LESSON
Revision: Nil (Intro Lesson) Approach (Reason for Learning): To be able to command a patrol across country to an objective, correctly will involve a number of considerations and planning. Both prior and during the activity, however this will not be achievable unless you, as the commander can navigate. Without this skill you will not be able to achieve your task, and complete the mission. Statement of Objective Therefore during this period of instruction you will be taught: a. introduction to maps; b. the aim of map reading; c. care of maps; d. types of maps; e. marginal information; f. the legend; g. map reliability; and h. how to order maps. STAGE BODY TO LESSON Teaching Points Conduct

Explain the Definition of a Map a. A graphic representation, usually on a plane surface, and at an established scale, of natural or artificial features on the surface of a part or the whole of the earth or other planetary body. The features are positioned relative to a co-ordinate reference system. b. Basically a map is a portion of the earth's surface drawn to scale on paper.

Aims of Map Reading a. enable the soldier to find his way about the country and recognise features on the ground and on the map; b. enable the soldier to understand the information given on a map so that he/she can picture the ground and it's tactical and administrative possibilities and limitations, even though he/she has not seen it; and assist in the quick and accurate transmission of information and orders involving movements and disposition.

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Care of Maps a. maps are valuable documents and their supply is limited. They must be treated with care to prevent damage. b. Most damage to a map occurs when the user opens them out fully in the open air. A slight breeze catches them and small tears start to quickly spread. To prevent this occurring maps should be folded in such a way that any part may be referred to without having to open the map fully.

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Steps to Fold a Map a. fold in half with map details outwards; and b. then fold it in a concertina fashion (the number of folds will depend on the size of the map). * Any part of the map may then be read by opening the folds. Once a map is folded it may be then left folded. The detail at the creases will deteriorate but the deterioration will be less than if the map was constantly folded and unfolded. The map should be protected by placing it in a map case, plastic bag, map board or contact. If the map has to be marked it is only to be marked lightly in pencil, so that it may be erased. On operations the marking of maps is to be avoided as if they would be of great value to the enemy if captured.

Types of Maps a. Civilian; and b. Military. Civilian Maps consist of such maps as atlas, town, shire, tourist, forestry,

statistical, geological. Military Maps consist of such maps as topographic JOG (joint operations graphic), planometric, city, town and orthophoto maps. Jogs are 1:250 000 scale maps proved in grd and air version from the same base camp. They are designed to provide aircraft operating in a grd air attack role with map cover which is identical to that used by the grd troops that they are supporting. Planometric show some relief, but do not show vertical position in measurable form. Relief may be indicated by hachures, shading or form lines, but not contour lines. Orthophoto Maps are made up from an assembly of photographs in which displacement of images due to tilt and relief have been removed. Upon this such data, grid, marginal, contour, names, boundaries, and other cultural features are added. 6 Marginal Information This is found around the margin of the map and contains info important to the navigator. Title Information is shown at the top and consists of the following: a. type of map b. map title c. reference box. 7 Bottom of the Map Production Information shows when, whom, and under what authority the map was made. Method of production and accuracy is shown. Universal Grid Reference Located below the production info is a box which details the method of giving a universal grid reference. As any six figure grid reference is repeated every 100 km, this method is used to make the reference unique. 8 North Point Diagram Is located to the right of the universal grid reference diagram showing the direction of true, grid and magnetic north for a particular year. The annual change in mag nth is also given. The diagram is not drawn to scale so it should not be used to try and gauge correct angles. Scale and Contour Information This is located at the bottom centre of the map and consists of both a representative fraction and a graphic scale. Below the scale is information on the type of map projection and on the contour interval. Legend Below the scale is the legend which contains the colours and symbols which make the detail on a map easy to read. These symbols are called conventional signs and are purely representative. They are not always to scale. Colours which are normally used are: a. orange/brown - landforms, contours, and sand;

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b. blue - water, rivers, lakes and swamps; c. green - vegetation, orchards and mangrove swamps; d. red/brown - roads and built up areas; e. black - artificial features, railways and buildings; and f. purple - overprints, tactical or aeronautical info. #GIVE SOME EXAMPLES OF EACH 11 Watercourse Guide To the right of the scale is the watercourse guide. This small map indicates if a watercourse is perennial, intermittent or dry. Map Temp and Rainfall Located below the watercourse guide. Info is from the bureau of meteorology and the values are extracted from the station closest in climatic conditions to the map area. If there is considerable climatic change, two sets of temp/rainfall graphs are produced. Index to Adjoining Maps At the bottom right hand corner this shows the relationship between this map and the eight maps that surround it. Map Reliability No matter how accurately a map was made, it is only a plan of the ground at a certain date. It may be several years since the map was made or revised, therefore much may have changed such as towns, vegetation, roads, dams and railways. Only physical features should be regarded as reliable, however at times they have changed as well due to erosion. In this case note the year the map was produced and then judge how reliable it is. Trust natural landforms and not man made features, after all how long will it take the engineers to make a road? In comparison to how long it will take a spot height to erode? Ordering Maps When ordering maps the following is to be quoted: a. series sheet number; and b. edition number.

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CONCLUSION TO LESSON
Test of Objective: Question and Answer

Summary (Main Points): To ensure your map is treated with care: a. not to use pen or ink on a map b. always use a map case c. always when given a map firstly study the marginal info, and d. trust natural features over manmade ones. SUBJECT TAUGHT In this period you have been instructed on the introduction to map reading and marginal information. REASON FOR LEARNING This lesson is the first lesson in a number of navigational lessons that will be taught to you and is the stepping stone to enable you to have a thorough working practical knowledge of map reading and navigational skills. To lead a body of troops in operations successfully you must also get them to their objective. Statement of Relevance: In this period you have worked ..................... and have achieved a ................. standard. Safety Precautions: Next Period on Subject: Next Period of Instruction: