CIRCUTS

yVERIFTCATION OF IMPEDANCE AND CURRENT OF RL. RCAND RLC SERIES

AIM: To verify the Impedance and Current of RL, RC And RLC Series Circuits
APPARATUS REQUIRED :

SLNo. Apparatus Range Quantity

25 ohms 01
01 Resisters
01
02 Inductors 110 milli Henrys
03 Capacitors 160 micro farad 01
04 |AC Power Supply source 30 Volts AC/1 amp
Connecting Wires Required

THEORY :

Passive RLC Circuits

All three passive components in AC circuits can also be connected together in both series RLC and
parallel RLCcombinations as shown below.
SERIES RLC CIRCUIT

Z= VR+ (X, - X)
|Z = 2¢=R+ jX
R C
ls

z R+(X-X)
- tanXc
1, = I, = I, =I

We have seen above that passive componenis in AC circuits behave very differently than when connected in a
bC circuit due to the influence of frequency, (f). In a purely resistive circuit, the current is in-phase with the voltage. In
purely capacitivecircuit the current in the capacitor leads the voltage by 90° and in a purely inductive circuit the
Current lags the voltage by 90°. The opposition to current flow through a passive component in an AC circuit is
called: resistance, R for a resistor, capacitive reactance, Xc for a capacitor and inductive reactance, XL for an inductor.
he combination of resistance and reactance is called Impedance. In a series circuit, the phasor sunm of the voltages acros
e circuits componentsis equal to the supply voltage, Vs. In a parallel circuit, the phasor sum of the currents flowing in
ach branch and therefore through each of the circuits components is equal to the supply current, Is. For both parallel and
series connected RLC circuits, when the supply current is "in-phase" with the supply voltage the circuit resonance occurs
XL=XC.A Series Resonance Circuit is known as an Acceptor Circuit.

18
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR RL SERIES CIRCUIT :

R L
0000
25 Ohms 110 mH

30V/LA
VAC
Fig: 1RL SERIES CIRCUIT

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR RC SERIES CIRCUIT:

C
R
25 Ohms 160mFd

30V/1A/

Fig: 2 RC SERIES CIRCUIT

19
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR RLC SERIES CIRCUIT:

R L

3OV/1A
AC SupplyY

Fig: 3 RLC SERIES CIRCUIT

PROCEDURE:

A) RL SERIES CIRCUIT:

1. Connect the mains cord to the Trainer and switch n' the mains supply.
2. Make the connections as per fig:1 as shown in above.
3. Apply some Voltage using Variac up to 30 Volts in steps wise.
4. Note down all parameters (Voltage and Current)
5. Tabulate the readings.
6. Calculate the Impedance (Z) and Current.

B) RC SERIES CIRCUIT:
1. Connect the mains cord to the Trainer and switch "On' the mains supply.
2. Make the connections as per fig:2 as shown in above.
3. Apply some Voltage using Variac up to 30 Volts in steps wise.
4. Note down all parameters (Voltage and Current)
5. Tabulate the readings.
6. Calculate the Impedance (Z) and Current.
RESULT:
Indu OBSERVATION
TABLE: 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. C)
circuit
Total Total When WhenCapacitive SAMPLE Circuit
RLC CircuitRL
CircuitRC Calculate
Tabulate NoteApply Make
Connect RLC
O=2xf(rad/s) SHt) circuit ctive
X X down some the SERIES
reactan
> >CALCULATIONS: the the connections the
impedance reac X
X, reactan all
R readings. Voltage mains
Impedance
parameters
tan the the ce: CIRCUIT:
circuit circuit cord
ce ce: using as
C
X (Z) (Voltage per to
= = X is is X = Variac the
Plhase = Capacitive (Volts) V and fig:3
Trainer
Z=R´ = Inductive = 2nfL
2rfC (RL, Current.
Z=R*+(Xx,X³- X, 1 up as
and shown
- = RC to and
1 + X Current) 30
oL & Volts switch
X or oC in
0L
=
X 1 RLC above.
=X-X in "On'
R Series steps
+ the
jx wise. mains
Circuit) (Amps) I
supply.

(Ohms) Z