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COMMUNICATION

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Rhema Usman Partoza
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3 views

COMMUNICATION

Uploaded by

Rhema Usman Partoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMMUNICATION

 interchange of information
 exchange of ideas or thoughts

PURPOSES
 Send, receive, interpret, and respond appropriately and clearly to a message
 Correct the information a person has about himself and others
 Satisfaction or pleasure of expressing oneself
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
 Intrapersonal
 Occurs when a person communicates within himself
 Interpersonal
 Takes place within dyads (groups of two persons) and in small groups.
 Public
 Communication between a person and several other people

MODES OF COMMUNICATION
 Verbal Communication

SPOKEN word to acknowledge, confirm, contrast, or contradict other verbal and nonverbal
messages
 Non-verbal Communication - Carry more meaning than verbal messages and involves the following:
 Body movement or kinetics
 Voice quality (pitch and range) and non-language sounds (sobbing or laughing)
NON-VERBAL MESSAGES
 Proxemics – use of personal or social space
 Intimate Distance – actual contact to 1.5 feet
 Personal Distance – 1.5 to 4 feet or 3 to 4 feet for interviews
 Social Distance – 4 to 12 feet
 Public Distance – 12 feet and beyond
 Cultural Artifacts – items in contact with interacting persons that may act as non-verbal
stimuli (i.e., clothes, cosmetics, jewelry, cars)
Communication skills
 Effective communication is a core skill for nurses and midwives.
 Communication skills can help avoid conflict, support relationships with colleagues, solve problems
and create better outcomes and experiences for people you care for.
 Communication errors are a major contributing factor in incidents and adverse events. (Australian
Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2016).

COMMUNICATION STYLES
Passive communicators
 shy and don’t stand up for themselves
 overly easy going and rarely say no, and
 usually overworked and stressed.
 holds feelings in and can easily become resentful.
Aggressive communicators
 disrespect the needs/opinions of others
 may be identified by others as a bully
 don’t listen to others’ opinions
 humiliate or intimidate others when they express themselves
 use closed and hostile body language, and
 are not approachable.
 They may feel their needs are more important than the needs of others or the team.
Assertive communicators
 empowered
 respectful of self needs and the needs of others
 able to communicate their opinion effectively
 direct and to the point, and
 approachable
 maintain boundaries and know what to and not to do

ELEMENTS OF A HELPING RELATIONSHIP (Midwife-Client Relationship)


POSITIVE REGARD
 To develop and maintain a healthy clinical relationship, it is important that the midwife be able to
maintain a positive manner in the company of the client
ATTENDING
 When engaged in a clinical conversation, midwives have a number of tools at hand to demonstrate
that they are engaged with what the client is communicating.
 Those practices include: orientating the body to the client’s face, sitting up in a relaxed and alert
manner, making regular eye contact, using continuation sounds, such as “hmmm,” and “yes,” and
nodding the head.
NON-JUDGEMENT
 It is essential that midwives demonstrate an attitude of non-judgement when meeting with clients.
 This is different from positive regard in that the client may be expressing disturbing material that
might cause the midwife to be concerned or to feel ‘put off’ by the conversation
GENUINENESS
 Genuineness is a fundamental factor in any healthy relationship.
 It is especially important in a relationship where trust and ongoing communication are critical to
ensuring a positive outcome – a healthy birth in the case of midwifery.
 The midwife can demonstrate genuineness through tone of voice, a warm manner, regular eye
contact, and questions that indicate an interest in the client’s well-being.

What is Therapeutic Communication?


 Therapeutic communication is an interpersonal interaction between the midwife and the client
during which the midwife focuses on the client’s specific needs to promote an effective exchange of
information.
 Skilled use of therapeutic communication techniques helps the health care provider understand
and empathize with the client’s experience.

Benefits of Therapeutic communication


 The benefits of therapeutic communication techniques extend beyond making a patient feel
welcome and at ease during their treatment

Goals of Therapeutic Communication


 Establish a therapeutic nurse-client relationship.
 Identify the most important client concern at that moment (the client-centered goal).
 Assess the client’s perception of the problem as it unfolds; this includes detailed actions (behaviors
and messages) of the people involved and the client’s thoughts and feelings about the situation,
others, and self.
 Facilitate the client’s expression of emotion.
 Teach the client and the family necessary self-care skills.
 Recognize the client’s needs.
 Implement interventions designed to address the client’s needs.
 Guide the client toward identifying the plan of action to a satisfying and socially acceptable
resolution
INTERVENTION FOR PATIENTS WITH SPECIAL COMMUNICATION NEEDS
Blind Patients
 Always speak to the patient when you enter the room
 Speak directly to the patient
 Speak to the patient in a normal tone of voice
 Speak to the patient before touching him/her

Deaf Patients
 Look directly at the patient when speaking
 Do not cover your mouth when speaking
 Use charts with pictures
 Writing questions or comments on a piece of paper
 Use charts with hand signs

Patients Speaking a Foreign Language


 Obtain a translator if possible
 Have a chart with basic phrases in English and the foreign language.
 Consider using charts with pictures

COMMUNICATING WITH HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS


 Documentation
 Reporting
 Conferring
 Referring
 Reporting
 Endorsement
 Transferring pertinent information regarding a patient to a concerned person
 Outgoing nurse to a incoming nurse
 Staff nurse to physician
 Conferring
 To verify information
 Rephrasing
 To validate doctor’s orders
 To validate a nurse’s endorsement
 Referring
 To endorse patient’s special concern to a higher authority or a specialized department or
personnel
 A community nurse referring a client to a hospital or a doctor
 A staff nurse to a dietitian

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