PURCOM  Physiological Noise – Physical

state like, fatigue, headaches.

COMMUNICATION
Psychological noise is connected
 Communication is defined as the to physiological noise because
successful conveying or sharing of mental state has certain effects
ideas and feelings. It is also on the body.
described as social contact. Thus, it is 5. CHANNEL – The medium or tool too
very essential in human’s social transmit the message. verbal or non-
existence. verbal. could be hardware, could be
applications, documents, and even
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION light (for example during driving)
PROCESS 6. FEEDBACK – refers to the response of
1. It develops coordination for people to the audience or receiver.
understand the thoughts, and 7. CONTEXT – are circumstances or
places where communication
ideas of one another.
happens. refers to the environment
2. Its function in an organization is
where the interaction happens.
elemental for the smooth and
 Physical Context – This includes
proper connection of each member
factors like the space (e.g., open
of the organization.
vs. closed environments),
3. It contributes to effective and
proximity (distance between
efficient decision-making among
communicators), medium (spoken,
people.
written, visual), and noise (any
4. It increases the managerial
distractions or interferences).
efficiency within the group
Additionally, lighting affects
5. It promotes organizational peace
visibility and perception, while
and cooperation among all the people
technology (like phones or
in an organization.
computers) shapes the way
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION messages are conveyed. (in short,
maingay ba, mainit, malamig and
1. MESSAGE – the most important
even arrangement PHYSICAL)
element. information, statement
 Psychological context – what you
conveyed to another person. Message
are as of the moment.
refers to the information, ideas,
 Social context - closed
feelings, opinions, thoughts, attitudes
friends,,family member, intimacy of
and the view of interlocutors.
relationship.
2. SENDER – the source of the message
 Cultural context - different culture
who also does the encoding.
norms and expectation
(encoding- production of message)
3. RECEIVER- decode (nagrreceive ng COMMUNICATION MODEL
message) and gives feedback. a
Theories on how communication works
person for whom the message is
targeted in contrast to the sender. 1. INTERACTIVE MODEL – participants
4. NOISE/BARRIER – it is called as the alternate positions as sender and
barrier that affects the message from receiver and generate messages
being send within context
 Physical Noise – Ingay
 Psychological Noise- Mental state
of a sender/receiver. like short
attention span, feeling, etc.
 Semantic Noise- Use of unfamiliar
words, jargon, mispronunciation
 is a life long process. by product of
our experiences.
10.PROCESS – this means that
communication takes place in several
stages.
11.ETHICAL – A communication event is
governed by rules, morals, values, and
beliefs agreed upon by the society.
12.INFLUENCES BY MEDIA AND
TECHNOLOGY
2. TRANSACTIONAL COMMUNICATION
MODEL – was designed primarily to
represent public communication. GLOBALIZATION AND GLOCALIZATION
communication between two or more
people in an ongoing exchange of The word "globalization" refers to the
messages. To change society and to process by which commerce and
collaborate. technological advancements have increased
3. TRANSMISSION MODEL – depicted connectivity and interdependence
as one-way and linear. Sender only. throughout the world. The breadth of
most basic representation of globalization includes the resulting social
communication. and economic transformations as well.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION 2OTH CENTURY GLOBALIZATION –
interchange happens of physical goods and
1. SCHEMATA DRIVEN – means that we
services
only decode and encode what we
know or our background knowledge. 21ST CENTURY GLOBALIZATION – more on
2. AN INTERPRETATIVE ACT – this knowledge or intangible goods.
means that we understand a message
In the Philippines, the globalization trends
based on our interpretation
were the major results of trade openness,
3. DOES NOT GUARANTEE DIRECT OR
financial stability, and migration.
AUTOMATIC LINK BETWEEN TWO
MINDS – don’t assume that the According to Dudley, our country’s efforts
person already knows what we want towards a more open trade policy starting in
to convey. the 1980s were reflected in decreasing
4. ACTIVE – means that both sender and transport costs and improved
receiver engage in the communication communications technology.
5. POWERFUL AND FORCEFUL – elicits
different meanings and reaction.
(power is double edge sound could be ROLES OF MEDIA IN THE PROCESS OF
in a negative or a positive way. GLOBALIZATION
Forceful is the ability to change or
alter the reality). 1. Promotes Cultural exchange
6. SYMBOLIC – non-verbal or verbal 2. Encourage greater
symbol. culture bound. tolerance/Acknowledgement toward
7. IRREVERSIBLE – this means that the other culture.
every message we convey is difficult 3. increases the flow of information.
to reverse. (‘virality’)
8. CONTEXTUAL – affected by the 4. advances in learning different
environment languages. advances for career
9. DEVELOPMENTAL OR growth.
PROGRESSIVE – the way we improve 5. supports technological innovation
 6. helps social movement at
international level.
GLOCALIZATION STRATEGIES OF INTERACTION WITHIN A
CULTURE
a blend of the words globalization and
localization is defined as adapting a 1. ACCOMMODATION- means that you
global product or service to meet the adjust to other cultures to be aligned
needs of the local market. 2. ASSIMILATION – adopts to majority
culture leasing to lose their original
THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNET cultural identity.
COMMUNICATION IN THE TIME OF 3. ACCULTURATION – adopts while
GLOBALIZATION maintaining aspects of one culture
1. very often favorable for fast
establishments contacts between
people.
2. increases the possibility of
ambiguity (quality of being open) as
it poor medium.
3. Anonymity on the internet involves
unrestricted possibilities of
manipulation with one’s own identity
4. introduced a system of conventional
signs and symbols.
CULTURE
4 TYPES OF ACCULTURATION
CULTURE was derived from the Latin word STRATEGY
“colere”, which means to tend to the
earth and grow, or cultivation and 1. Integration – embrace both
nurture original and dominant culture
2. Assimilation - fully adopts and
According to Spacey (2021), the greater abandons other culture
portion of culture is intangible such that 3. separation/ segregation – maintain
only a slender range of the human original culture and reject
experience is represented as physical dominant culture
pieces. 4. Marginalized – Rejects both
culture is a shared human experience, that original and dominant.
makes us unique and it is a way of life for CULTURE INFLUENCES
people COMMUNICATION
Tangible – physical pieces The formula for successful communication
Intangible – beliefs with other cultures is by understanding
cultural differences
SIGNIFICANCE OF CULTURE
CONCEPTS IN UNDERSTANDING
1. facilitates the forming of our social INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
relationship
2. supports us in upholding social order 1. ETHNOCENTRISM – consider their
and encourages us to question and culture as superior
examine it. 2. CULTURAL RELATIVISM – accept
3. serves to guide everyday actions culture in equal value.
and influence our interaction 3. MELTING POT PHILOSOPHY -
Pertains to the idea that different
 cultures will blend and create one
ultimate culture.
4. PLURALISM – an acknowledgment of
cultural relativism and promotes
respect among other culture
5. MULTICULTURISM – tolerance of
cultural diversity

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
The mutual construction of meaning across
cultural boundaries is intercultural
communication. It is the process by which
members of various groups perceive and
attempt to make sense of one another
The creation of strong relationships and the INNER CIRCLE - refers to the traditional
exchange of ideas and cultural norms are bases of English where the language is the
the main goals of intercultural native language or L1 of countries such as
communication the United Kingdom, USA, and Canada.
1. Pay attention to your words and OUTER CIRCLE - consists of a large speech
action community with great diversity and distinct
2. control your assumptions characteristics (Singapore, Philippines and
3. Engage in transpection India)
4. Gain knowledge
5. gain experience EXPANDING CIRCLE - refers to the
countries where English is a foreign
WORLD ENGLISHES AND BIAS-FREE language such as China, Japan, Korea, etc.
LANGUAGE
The variations of English used in different
sociolinguistic situations are identified by PHILIPPINE ENGLISH
scholars of world englishes through an While Philippine English and Commonwealth
analysis of their background, function, English are somewhat similar, Philippine
history, and influence. English has historically used American
This concept is clearly described in the 3 English spelling and grammar.
concentric circles (Kachru, 1982). It maps According to Dayag (in Dapat &
the growth and spread of English in the Chang,2018) It is associated with a distinct
world into different circles accent, a localized vocabulary, and even a
body of creative writing by Filipino writers
in English.
VARIETIES OF PHILLIPPINE ENGLISH
1. Acrolectal - It is associated with
academics, bilinguals from English-
speaking homes, and English majors
at the university level.
2. Mesolectal - It is spoken by
professionals who are non-English
 majors who mostly use English in the  Disabilities may be the result of
workplace, and who display a either injury or disease — often
noticeable Philippine accent. a disease long past. Disabled
3. Basilectal - typically differs from the people should not automatically
standard language in pronunciation, be viewed as sick or having a
vocabulary, and grammar, and can disease.
often develop into a different  Put people first, not their
language. disabilities. Ex: The student,
who is visually impaired, used a
GENERAL PRINCIPLES TO CONSIDER IN
special keyboard.
BIAS-FREE LANGUAGE
Bias-free language refers to using terms and
phrases that avoid discrimination or
stereotyping based on gender, race,
ethnicity, age, disability, sexual orientation,
or other characteristics. It promotes
inclusivity and respect.
1. RACE AND ETHNICITY - Racism is a
form of discrimination against a
person of a different race. Race is an
emotionally charged topic, so it is best
to tread carefully with the language
used and refer to race, as Patricia
Arinto asserts “only if it is relevant”
2. GENDER AND SEXUAL - Sexism
refers to the prejudice and
discrimination based on sex or
gender. To be inclusive of all people in
general references, one should favor
gender-neutral words over gender-
bias words.
3. SOCIAL CLASS - Classism (or class
discrimination): is the institutional,
cultural and individual set of practices
and beliefs that assign differential
value to people according to their
socioeconomic class; and an economic
system
4. AGE - Ageism is a form of
discrimination against other people
because of their age, or assuming that
older people are less physically,
intellectually, or emotionally able than
other age groups.
5. DISABILITY - Discrimination in this
area often arises because of a lack of
understanding and awareness
 The terms impairment,
disability, and handicap are not
synonymous. Be sensitive to the
meaning of each.