BIOTECHNOLOGY - PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES

1. Introduction of foreign genes for improving genotype is called

(1) Biotechnolog (2) Tissue culture

(3) Genetic engineering (4) Both (1) & (3)

2. Chemical knives of molecular biology are

(1) Restriction endonucleases (2) Exonuclease

(3)Reverse transcriptase (4) Ligase

3. Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic material found in

(1) Algae (2) Mammalian cell (3) Bacteria (4) Viruses

4. In recombinant DNA technology, a plasmid vector is cleaved by

(1) Modified DNA ligase

(2) A heated alkaline solution

(3) The same enzyme that cleaves donor DNA

(4) Different enzyme that cleaved the donor DNA

5. The specific DNA sequence where EcoRI cuts is

(1) G A T T C G (2) G A A T T C (3) G T T C A A (4) T T C C A A

6. Identify the plasmid among following

(1) Hind III (2) pBR322 (3) ƛ-phage (4) Both (2) & (3)

7. If gene of interest was inserted at Sal / site in pBR322 the resulting plasmid will confer resistance
to

(1) Ampicillin (2) Tetacycline (3) Kanamycin (4) Both (1) & (3)

8. A bacterium commonly used in plant genetic engineering is

(1) E. coil (2) Agrobacterium (3) Mycobacterium (4) Rhizobium

9. In RDT, the term vector refers to

(1) Plasmids that can transfer foregin DNA into a living cell

(2) Plasmids that can cut DNA at specific bases

 (3) Plasmids that can join DNA as specific bases

(4) Plasmids that can degrade harmful proteins

10. The Tumor inducing capacity of _A_ is located in large extra-chromosomal plasmid called Ti
plasmid. Choose the option which correctly fills up the blanks _A_.

(1) Thermusaquaticus (2) Salmonella typhimurium

(3) E. coli (4) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

11. Genetic material of Retroviruses is

(1) DNA (2) RNA (3) Protein (4) ssDNA

12. Which of the following are not required while performing a transformation experiment?

(1) Insert DNA (2) Ice cold calcium chloride

(3) 90ᴼC (4) Bacterial cells

13. Which of the following methods gave birth to idea of gene immunization?

(1) Microinjection (2) Direct DNA injection (3) Biolistic (4) Both (1) & (3)

14. Which of the following is not an application of PCR?

(1) ELISA (2) Diagnosis of pathogens (3) DNA fingerprinting (4) In

palaeontology

15. Name the organism which is the source of heat-stable PCR enzyme

(1) Thermophilusaquaticus (2) Haemophilusinfluenzae

(3) Thermo proteus (4) Bacillus thuringiensis

16. Method in which recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of animal cell by using
microneedles is called

(1) Gene Gun method (2) Biolistic method

(3) Microinjection method (4) Direct DNA injection method

17. Which of the following statements does not hold true for restriction enzyme?

(1) It recognizes a palindromic nucleotide sequnence

(2) It is an endonuclease

(3) It is isolated from bacteriophages

 (4) It produces the dame kind of kind of stickly ends in different DNA mlecules

18. Gane of interest was cloned at site Sal / in pBR322. The recombinant plasmid will exhibit
susceptibility to

(1) Tetracycline (2) Tetracycline and Ampicilin

(3) Ampicilin only (4) Broad spectrum of antibiotics

19. In case of Bam HI, H represents

(1) Genus (2) Species (3) Name of scientist (4) Strain

20. Normal E, coli cells carry resistance against which of the following antibiotics?

(1) Chloramphenicol (2) Ampicilin

(3) Tetracycline (4) None of theses

23. In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules of different lengths are separated on the basis of
their

(1) Charge only (2) Size only (3) Charge to size ratio (4) Both (1) & (3)

24. Who among the following was awarded Nobel Prize for development of PCR technique?

(1) Herbert Boyer (2) Kary Mullis (3) Rene Descartes (4) Andrew Fire

25. Pure DNA precipitated by addition of chilled ethanol can be removed from solution by

(1) Elution (2) Gel electrophoresis

(3) Spooling (4) PCR

26. The optimum temperature for polymerization in PCR is ___________ while the enzyme
responsible for the mentioned step can tolerate temperatures upto ______. Select the correct
option according to the blanks

(1) 95ᴼC , 60ᴼC (2) 94ᴼC , 95ᴼC (3) 72ᴼC , 95ᴼC (4) 95ᴼC , 72ᴼC

27. Cells in continuous culture system are maintained in

(1) Stationary phase (2) Leg phase (3) Log phase (4) Either (1) or (3)

28. Stirrer in stirred tank type bioreactor facilitates

(1) Oxygen delivery from outside to inside (2) Mixing and aeration

(3) Temperature control (4) Foam control

29. Separation and purification by filtration, centrifugation of desired compound produced in
bioreactor is a part of

(1) Downstream processing only (2) Scaling up and downstream processing

(3) Upstream processing (4) Screening for recombinats and downstream

processing

30. A plasmid

(1) Shows dependent assortment

(2) Has ability to replicate within bacterial cells independent of the control of chromosomal
DNA

(3) Cannot replicate

(4) Contains genes for vital activities

31. Which enzyme is required to prevent unwanted self-ligation of vector DNA molecules in
recombinat DNA technology?

(1) DNA polymerase (2) DNA ligase

(3) Alkaline phosphatase (4) Reverse transcriptase

32. Which of these are most widely used in genetic engineering?

(1) Plastid (2) Plasmid (3) Mitochondria (4) Ribosome

33. Which of the following is not a basis of difference between plasmid and chromosomal DNA?

a. Presence of histones b. Nature of histone

c. Nature of nucleotide d. Linear form of genetic material

(1) b & c only (2) a & d only (3) a, b & d only (4) a, b, c & d

34. Term ‘Disarmed’ in disarmed vector represents

(1) Removal of T-DNA from Ti plasmid

(2) Insertional inactivation of β-galactosidase gene

(3) Insertional inactivation of antibiotic gene

(4) Both (2) & (3)

35. During the proce3ss of isolation of DNA, chilled ethanol is added to

 (1) Remove proteins such as histones (2) Precipitate DNA

(3) Break open the cell to release DNA (4) Facilitate action of restriction enzymes

36. PCR is used for

(1) Reverse transcribing RNA into DNA (2) Digesting DNA

(3) Amplifying DNA (4) Amplifying proteins and separating DNA

37. Method in which recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of animal cell by using
microneedles is called as

(1) Gene gun method (2) Bilolistic method

(3) Microinjection method (4) Indirect method

38. Which of the following represents an advantage of growing cells in continuous culture as
compared to a shake flask?

(1) Cells can be maintained at a constant physiological state

(2) Most downstream and upstream processes are continuous in nature

(3) Continuous reactors do not need to be shut down and cleaned regularly

(4) All of these

39. Tumor inducing plasmid transforms

(1) Nematodes (2) Bacteria (3) Fungi (4) Several dicot plants

40. Boliver and Rodriguez developed:

(1) Shuttel vector (2) pBR322 (3) pUC19 (4) Both (1) and (2)

41. Plasmid used to make the first recombinant DNA was isolated from which bacterium?

(a) E.coli (b) Salmonella typhimurium (c) Agrobacterium (d)

Streptococcus

42. An important factor with makes the plasmid act as vector in genetic engineering is :

(a) It can carry foreign gene (b) It is resistant to heavy metals

(c) It is resistant to antibiotics (d) It is sensitive to antibiotics

43. Genetic engineering is possible, because :

(a) We can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNase

 (b) Restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro

(c) The phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood

(d) We can see DNA by electron microscope

44. The process of replication in plasmid DNA, other than initiation, is controlled by:

(a) Mitochondrial gene (b) Plasmid gene

(c) Bacterial gene (d) None of these

45. The first restriction endonuclease to be discovered was:

(a) Hind II (b) Eco R I (c) Bam H I (d) Pst I

46. Approximately how many restriction enzymes have been isolated from the different (over 230) s
strains bacteria?

(a) 300 (b) 600 (c) 750 (d) 900

47. The conventional method for naming the restriction enzymes is followed in case of Eco RI, the l
etter ‘R’ indicates:

(a) Genus (b) Species (c) Name of the scientist (d) Strain

48. The restriction endonuclease enzyme binds to the DNA and cut :

(a) Any one strand of the double helix

(b) Each of the two strands at specific points in their base – sugar bonds

(c) Each of the two strands at specific points in their base – phosphate bonds

(d) Each of the two strands at specific points in their sugar phosphate backbones

49. Which of the following palindromic sequence is recognized by Eco RI?

⁵′GAATTC³´ ⁵′CCCGGG³´

(a) (b)

з’CTTAAG₅’ з’GGGCCC₅’

⁵′AGTACT³´ ⁵′GGATTC

(c) (d)
 з’TCATGA₅’ з’CCTAGG

50. The linking of antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible with:

(a) Exonucleases (b) DNA ligase (c) Endonucleases (d) DNA polymerase

51. Molecular scissors refer to :

(a) Restriction enzymes (b) Ribozymes (c) Recombinant DNA (d) Vectors

52. Insertional inactivation is related to :

(a) Microinjection (b) Gene gum (c) Gel electrophoresis (d) Selection of
recombinants

53. For transformation with recombinant DNA, the bacterial cells must first be made ‘competent’
which means:

(a) Should increase their metabolic reactions (b) Should decrease their metabolic reactions

(c) Increase efficiency with which DBA enters the bacterium (d) Ability to divide fact

54. During gel electrophoresis for separation of DNA fragment :

(a) Smallest fragment will move to the farthest point towards cathode

(b) Smallest fragment will move to the farthest point towards anode

(c) )Largest fragment will move to the farthest point towards cathode

(d) Largest fragment will move to the farthest point towards anode

55. After electrophoresis, the separated DNA fragment can be visualized in ethidium bromide gel
exposed to UV light. These DNA fragments appear as what colured bands?

(a) Orange (b) Blue (c) Silver (d) Green

56. The procedure through which a piece of DNA is introduced in a host bacterium is called :

(a) Cloning (b) Transformation (c) PCR (d) Clonal selection

57. Which of the following has the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous cells in animals?

(a) Agrobacterium tumifaciens (b) Retroviruses

(c) DNA – viruses (d) Plasmids

58. Which of the following method can be used for making the bacterial cell ‘competent’ ?

(a) Treating with specific concentration of divalent cation (Ca²⁺)

(b) Treating with specific concentration of monovalent cation (K⁺)

(c) Heat shock

(d) Both (a) and (c)

59. Which of the following techniques can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cell?

(a) Using disarmed pathogen (b) Microinjection (c) Gene gun (d) All of the
above

60. Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic engineering are:

(a) Crown gall bacterium and Caenorhabditiselegans

(b) Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium thumefaciens

(c) Vibrio cholera and a tailed bacteriophage

(d) Diplococcus and Pseudomonas

61. What is true for plasmid?

(a) Plasmids are widely used in gene transfer (b) These are found in viruses

(c) Plasmid contains gene for vital activities (d) These are main part of chromosome

62. Which of the following cut the DNA from specific places?

(a) E.coli Restriction endonuclease (b) Ligase

(c) Exonuclease (d) Alkaline phosphatase

63. Restriction endonucleases :

(a) Are present in mammalian cells for degradation of DNA when the cell dies

(b) Are used in genetic engineering for ligating two DNA molecules

(c) Are used for in vitro DNA synthesis

(d) Are synthesized by bacteria as part of defense mechanism

64. Polyethylene glycol method is used for :

(a) Energy production from sewage (b) Gene transfer without a vector
 (c) Biodiesel production (d) Seedless fruit production

65. Plasmids are used in genetic engineering because they are:

(a) Easily available

(b) Able to integrate with host chromosome

(c) Able to replicate along with chromosomal DNA

(d) Contain DNA sequences coding for drug resistance

66. T-DNA is found in?

(a) Ti – plasmid (b) Phagemid (c) pBR 322 (d) pUC 18

67. ‘cos’ – site of cosmids are derived from :

(a) E.coli (b) Mycroplasma (c) Spirochete (d) Lambda

phage

68. Which of the following bacteria are known as ‘natural genetic engineers of plants’ as gene
transfer is happening in nature without human interference?

(a) Azotobacter (b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens (c) Escherichia coli (d)

Rhizobium

69. The technique in which a foreign DNA is precipitated on the surface of the tungsten or gold
particles and shot into the target cells is known as:

(a) Microinjection (b) Chemical – mediated genetic transformation

(c) Electroporation (d) Biolistics

70. The uptakes of genes by cells in microbes is termed as:

(a) Lipofection (b) Transformation (c) Transfection (d)

Transduction

71. Noble prize of 1978 for restriction endonuclease technology was given to:

(a) Temin and Baltimore (b) Milstein and Kohler

(c) Arber, Nathans and Smith (d) Holley, Khorana and Nirenberg

72. How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes?

(a) By adding methyl groups to adenines and cytosines

 (b) By adding histones to DNA

(c) By forming new phosphodiester bonds

(d) By forming closed DNA

73. Restriction endonucleases are the most widely used in recombinant DNA technology. They are
obtained from:

(a) Bacteriophage (b) Bacterial cells (c) Plasmids (d) All prokaryotic cells

74. Which of the following produces blunt ends?

(a) Hind III and Sma I (b) Hae II and Sma I (c) EcoR I and EcoR II (d) Hind II and
Sma I

75. In the year 1963, the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in
Escherichia coli were isolated. They were ___________and _________ respectively

(a) Ligase, Restriction endonuclease (b) Helicase, Restriction endonuclease

(c) Methylase, Restriction endonuclease (d) DNA polymerase, Restriction endonuclease

76. Recombinant DNA is achieved by cleaving the pro – DNAs by:

(a) Ligase (b) Restriction endonuclease (c) Primase (d)

Exonucleases

77. Passenger DNA’ is:

(a) Plasmid vector (b) Antibiotic resistance gene

(c) Reporter gene (d) Desired gene fragment i.e., gene of interest

78. YAC contain which of the following elements?

(a) Centromeres only (b) Telomeres only

(c) Centromeres, telomeres and ori – site (d) Telomeres and centromeres

79. Which of the restriction endonuclease is widely used in genetic engineering?

(a) Type – II (b) Type – I (c) Type – III (d) Type – IV

80. Disarmed Ti – plasmid:

(a) Lacks T – DNA (b) Lacksori – site (c) Possess T – DNA (d) Lacks virulence
region
81. The almost pure DNA which gets precipitated by chilled ethanol is removed from solution by:

(a) Spooling (b) Elution (c) Agarose gel electrophoresis (d) Scaling

82. Which of the following enzyme is used in case fungus to cause release of DNA along with other
macromolecules?

(a) Lysozyme (b) Cellulase (c) Chitinase (d) Amylase

83. The separated banks of DNA are cut out from agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece. This
step is called:

(a) PCR (b) Scaling (c) Spooling (d) Elution

84. Which of the following is an advantage of bioreactor which uses continuous culture system
rather than batch culture?

(a) The transformed recombinant cells are allowed to grow in a large bioreactor till the
maximum amount of biochemical has been formed

(b) The bioreactor has to be emptied, cleaved and filled again with culture medium and
inoculum

(c) There is regular drainage of the medium and culture cells from one side and additional fresh
medium from the other side leading to higher yield of desired product

(d) It provides required growth conditions (temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins and
oxygen)

85. Which of the following is incorrect match?

(a) Gene Therapy - An abnormal gene is replaced by normal gene

(b) Cloning - Ability to multiply copies of antibiotic resistance gene in E.coli

(c) Restriction enzymes - Molecular scissors

(d) Exonucleases - Molecular glue

86. The most commonly used bioreactor is of stirring type. The stirrer facilitates :

(a) Temperature control (b) pH control (c) Oxygen availability (d) Product
removal

87. After completion of biosynthetic stage, the separation and purification of product is called:

(a) Upstream processing (b) Downstream processing

(c) Modern biotechnology (d) Sterilization

88. From isolated DNA from a cell culture with the desired gene, DNA segment can be exicised by
‘molecular scissors’ or ‘chemical scalpels’ what biotechnologists call as:

(a) Polymerase enzymes (b) DNA ligase (c) Restriction enzymes (d) Helicase

89. Bacterial cell wall is digested by the enzyme:

(a) Chitinase (b) Cellulase (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Lysozyme