PAPER.

II HISTORY, POLITY AND SOCIETY

I. Socio-Cultural History of India and Telangana.

1. Salient features of Indus Valley Civilization: Society and Culture. -Early and
Later Vedic Culture; Religious Movements in Sixth Century B.C. – Jainism and
Buddhism. Socio, Cultural and Economic Contribution during Mauryas, Guptas,
Pallavas, Chalukyas and Cholas – Administrative System. Art and Architecture
- Harsha and the Rajput Age.

2. The Establishment of Delhi Sultanate-Socio-Economic, Cultural Conditions and

Administrative System under the Sultanate –Sufi and Bhakti Movements. The
Mughals: Socio-Economic and Cultural Conditions; Language, Literature, Art and
Architecture. Rise of Marathas and their contribution to Culture; Socio-Economic,
Cultural conditions in the Deccan under the Bahamani’s and Vijayanagara -
Literature, Art and Architecture.
Advent of Europeans: Rise and Expansion of British Rule: Socio-Economic
3.
and Cultural Policies - Cornwallis, Wellesley, William Bentinck, Dalhousie and
others. The Rise of Socio-Religious Reform Movements in the Nineteenth
Century. Social Protest Movements in India –Jotiba and Savithribai Phule,
Ayyankali, Narayana Guru, Periyar Ramaswamy Naicker, Gandhi, Ambedkar
etc. Indian Freedom Movement – 1885-1947.

4. Socio-Economic and Cultural conditions in Ancient

Telangana-
Satavahanas, Ikshvakus, Vishnukundins, Mudigonda and Vemulawada
Chalukyas. Religion, Language, Literature, Art and Architecture; Medieval
Telangana - Contribution of Kakatiyas, Rachakonda and Devarakonda
Velamas, Qutub Shahis; Socio – Economic and Cultural developments:
Emergence of Composite Culture. Fairs, Festivals, Moharram, Urs, Jataras etc.
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5. Foundation of AsafJahi Dynasty- from Nizam –ul- Mulk to Mir Osaman Ali Khan -
SalarJung Reforms; Social and Economic conditions-Jagirdars, Zamindars,
Deshmuks, and Doras- Vetti and Bhagela system and position of Women. Rise of
Socio-Cultural Movements in Telangana: Arya Samaj, Andhra Maha Sabha,
Andhra Mahila Sabha, Adi-Hindu Movements, Literary and Library Movements.
Tribal and Peasant Revolts: Ramji Gond, Kumaram Bheemu, and Telangana
Peasant Armed Struggle – Police Action and the End of Nizam Rule.

II. Overview of the Indian Constitution and Politics.

1 Evolution of the Indian Constitution – Nature and salient features – Preamble.
. Fundamental Rights – Directive Principles of the State Policy – Fundamental Duties.

2 Distinctive Features of the Indian Federalism – Distribution of Legislative, Financial and

. Administrative Powers between the Union and States.

4.
3 Union and State Government – President – Prime Minister and Council of Ministers;

. Governor, Chief Minister and Council of Ministers – Powers and Functions.

5. Indian Constitution; Amendment Procedures and Amendment Acts.

6. Rural and Urban Governance with special reference to the 73rd and 74th Amendment
Acts.

7. Electoral Mechanism: Electoral Laws, Election Commission, Political Parties, Anti

defection Law and Electoral Reforms.

8. Judicial System in India – Judicial Review; Judicial Activism; Supreme Court and
High Courts.
a) Special Constitutional Provisions for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes,
9.
Backward Classes, Women, Minorities and Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).
b) National Commissions for the Enforcement – National Commission for Scheduled
Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes, Women, Minorities and Human Rights.
National Integration issues and challenges: Insurgency; Internal Security; Inter-State
10.
Disputes.

III. Social Structure, Issues and Public Policies.

1. Indian Social Structure:

Salient Features of Indian society: Family, Marriage, Kinship, Caste, Tribe, Ethnicity,
Religion and Women.
2. Social Issues:
Inequality and Exclusion: Casteism, Communalism, Regionalism, Violence against
Women, Child Labour, Human trafficking, Disability, Aged and Third / Trans-Gender
Issues.
3. Social Movements:
Peasant Movement, Tribal movement, Backward Classes Movement, Dalit
Movement, Environmental Movement, Women’s Movement, Regional Autonomy
Movement, Human Rights / Civil Rights Movement.

4. Social Policies and Welfare Programmes: Affirmative Policies for SCs, STs, OBC, Women,
Minorities, Labour, Disabled and Children; Welfare Programmes: Employment, Poverty
Alleviation Programmes; Rural and Urban, Women and Child Welfare, Tribal Welfare.
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5. Society in Telangana: Socio- Cultural Features and Issues in Telangana; Vetti, Jogini,
Devadasi System, Child Labour, Girl Child, Flourosis, Migration, Farmer’s; Artisanal and
Service Communities in Distress.

PAPER-III: ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT

I. Indian Economy: Issues and Challenges

1. Demography: Demographic Features of Indian Population – Size and Growth

Rate of Population – Demographic Dividend – Sectoral Distribution of
Population – Population Policies of India

2. National Income: Concepts & Components of National Income –

Measurement Methods – National Income Estimates in India and its Trends –
Sectoral Contribution – Per Capita Income
3. Primary and Secondary Sectors: Agriculture and Allied Sectors – Contribution
to National Income – Cropping Pattern – Agricultural Production and
Productivity – Green Revelation – Irrigation – Agricultural Finance and
Marketing – Agricultural Pricing – Agricultural Subsidies and Food Security –
Agricultural Labour – Growth and Performance of Allied Sectors

4. Industry and Services Sectors: Growth and Structure of Industry in India –

Contribution to National Income –Industrial Policies – Large Scale Industries –
MSMEs – Industrial Finance – Contribution of Services Sector to National
Income – Importance of Services Sector – Sub Sectors of Services – Economic
Infrastructure – India’s Foreign Trade

5. Planning, NITI Aayog and Public Finance: Objectives of India’s Five Year
Plans – Targets, Achievements and Failures of Five Year Plans – NITI Aayog –
Budget in India – Concepts of Budget Deficits – FRBM – Recent Union
Budgets – Public Revenue, Public Expenditure and Public Debt – Finance
Commissions
II. Economy and Development of Telangana
1. Structure and Growth of Telangana Economy:
Telangana Economy in
Undivided Andhra Pradesh (1956-2014) – State Finances ( Dhar Commission,
Wanchu Committee, Lalit Committee, Bhargava Committee) – Land Reforms -
Growth and Development of Telangana Economy Since 2014 – Sectoral
Contribution to State Income – Per Capita Income
2. Demography and HRD: Size and Growth Rate of Population – Demographic
Features of Telangana Economy – Age Structure of Population – Demographic
Dividend.
3. Agriculture and Allied Sectors: Importance of Agriculture – Trends in
Growth Rate of Agriculture – Contribution of Agriculture and Allied Sectors to
GSDP/GSVA – Land Use and Land Holdings Pattern – Cropping Pattern –
Irrigation – Growth and Development of Allied Sectors – Agricultural Policies
and Programmes

4. Industry and Service Sectors: Structure and Growth of Industry –

Contribution of Industry to GSDP/GSVA – MSME – Industrial Policies –
Components, Structure and Growth of Services Sector – Its Contribution to
GSDP/GSVA – Social and Economic Infrastructure

5. State Finances, Budget and Welfare Policies: State Revenue, Expenditure

and Debt – State Budgets – Welfare Policies of the State
III. Issues of Development and Change 5

1. Growth and Development:

Concepts of Growth and Development –
Characteristics of Development and Underdevelopment – Measurement of
Economic Growth and Development – Human Development – Human
Development Indices – Human Development Reports
2. Social Development: Social Infrastructure – Health and Education – Social
Sector – Social Inequalities – Caste – Gender – Religion – Social
Transformation – Social Security
3. Poverty and Unemployment: Concepts of Poverty – Measurement of Poverty
– Income Inequalities - Concepts of Unemployment – Poverty, Unemployment
and Welfare Programmes

4. Regional Inequalities: Urbanization – Migration – Land Acquisition –

Resettlement and Rehabilitation

5. Environment and Sustainable Development: Concepts of Environment –

Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development – Types of Pollution –
Pollution Control – Effects of Environment – Environmental Policies of India

PAPER-IV TELANGANA MOVEMENT AND STATE FORMATION

I. The idea of Telangana (1948-1970)

1. Historical Background: Telangana as a distinctive cultural unit in Hyderabad

Princely State, its geographical, cultural, socio, political and economic features-
people of Telangana- castes, tribes, religion, arts, crafts, languages, dialects, fairs,
festivals and important places in Telangana. Administration in Hyderabad Princely
State and Administrative Reforms of Salar Jung and Origins of the Mulki-Non-Mulki
issue. Farman of 1919 and Definition of Mulki - Establishment of Nizam’s Subjects
League known as the Mulki League 1935 and its Significance; Merger of
Hyderabad State into Indian Union in 1948- Employment policies under Military
Rule and Vellodi,1948-52; Violation of Mulki-Rules and Its Implications.
2. Hyderabad State in Independent India- Formation of Popular Ministry under
Burgula Ramakrishna Rao and 1952 Mulki-Agitation; Demand for Employment of
Local people and City College Incident- Its importance. Justice Jagan Mohan Reddy
Committee Report, 1953 – Initial debates and demand for Telangana State-
Reasons for the Formation of States Reorganization Commission (SRC) under
Fazal Ali in 1953-Main Provisions and Recommendations of SRC-Dr. B. R.
Ambedkar’s views on SRC and smaller states.

3. Formation of Andhra Pradesh, 1956: Gentlemen Agreement - its Provisions and

Recommendations; Telangana Regional Committee, Composition and Functions &
Performance – Violation of Safeguards-Migration from Coastal Andhra Region and
its Consequences-Post-1970 development Scenario in Telangana- Agriculture,
Irrigation, Power, Education, Employment, Medical and Health etc.
4. Violation of Employment and Service Rules: Origins of Telangana Agitation- Protest in
Kothagudem and other places, Fast unto Death by Ravindranath; 1969 Agitation for
Separate Telangana. Role of Intellectuals, Students, Employees in Jai Telangana
Movement.

5. Formation of Telangana Praja Samithi and Course of Movement and its Major
Events, Leaders and Personalities- All Party Accord – G.O. 36 - Suppression of
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Telangana Movement and its Consequences-The Eight Point and Five-Point

Formulas-Implications.

II. Mobilisational phase (1971 -1990)

1. Court Judgements on Mulki Rules- Jai Andhra Movement and its Consequences- Six
Point Formula 1973, and its Provisions; Article 371-D, Presidential Order, 1975-
Officers (Jayabharat Reddy) Committee Report- G.O. 610 (1985); its Provisions and
Violation- Reaction and Representations of Telangana Employees.
2. Rise and Spread of Naxalite Movement, causes and consequences - Anti-Landlord
Struggles in Jagityala-Siricilla, Rytu-Cooli Sanghams; Alienation of Tribal Lands and
Adivasi Resistance- Jal, Jungle, and Jamin.
3. Rise of Regional Parties in 1980’s and Changes in the Political, Socio-Economic
and Cultural fabric of Telangana- Notion of Telugu Jathi and suppression of
Telangana identity- Expansion of new economy in Hyderabad and other parts of
Telangana; Real Estate, Contracts, Finance Companies; Film, Media and
Entertainment Industry; Corporate Education and Hospitals etc; Dominant Culture
and its implications for Telangana self respect, Dialect, Language and Culture.

4. Liberalization and Privatisation policies in 1990’s and their consequences -

Emergence of regional disparities and imbalances in political power, administration,
education, employment – Growth of Madiga Dandora and Tudum Debba
movements – Agrarian crisis and decline of Handicrafts in Telangana and its
impact on Telangana Society and economy.
Quest for Telangana identity – Intellectual discussions and debates – Political and
5.
ideological Efforts – Growth of popular unrest against regional disparities,
discrimination and under development of Telangana.

III. Towards Formation of Telangana State (1991-2014)

1. Public awakening and Intellectual reaction against discrimination- formation of Civil
society organisations, Articulation of separate Telangana Identity;
Initial
organisations raised the issues of separate Telangana; Telangana Information Trust
- Telangana Aikya Vedika, Bhuvanagiri Sabha - Telangana Jana Sabha, Telangana
Maha Sabha - Warangal Decleration - Telangana Vidyavanthula Vedika; etc. Role of
university and college students - Osmania and Kakatiya Universities
2.
Establishment of Telangana Rashtra Samithi in 2001, Political Realignment and
Electoral Alliances in 2004 and later Phase of Telangana Movement – TRS in UPA-
Girglani Committee- Telangana Employees Joint Action Committee - Pranab
Mukherjee Committee- 2009-Elections-Alliances- Telangana in
Election
Manifestos- The agitation against Hyderabad as Free-zone - and Demand for
separate Statehood- Fast-Unto-Death by K.Chandrashekar Rao – Formation of
3. Political Joint Action Committee (2009)

Role of Political Parties-TRS, Congress, B.J.P., Left parties, T.D.P., M.I.M and other
political parties such as Telangana Praja Front, Telangana United Front etc., Dalit-
Bahujan Sanghams and Grass root organisations - Other Joint Action Committees
and popular protests- Suicides for the cause of Telangana.

4. Cultural Revivalism in Telangana and other symbolic expressions in Telangana

Movement- Literary forms- performing arts and other cultural expressions- writers,
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poets, singers, intellectuals, Artists, Journalists, Students, Employees, Advocates,

Doctors, NRIs, Women and Civil society groups - organised and unorganised sectors,
castes, communities and other social groups in transforming the agitation into a mass
movement-Intensification of Movement, Forms of Protest and Major events:
Sakalajanula Samme, Non-Cooperation Movement; Million March, etc.,
5. Parliamentary Process; UPA Government’s stand on Telangana- All-Party
Meeting- Anthony Committee- Statements on Telangana by Central Home Minister
- Sri Krishna Committee Report and its Recommendations, AP Assembly and
Parliamentary proceedings on Telangana, Declaration of Telangana State in
Parliament, Andhra Pradesh State Reorganization Act, 2014- Elections and victory
of Telangana Rashtra Samithi and the first Government of Telangana State.