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Lecture 1&2

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Lyka Joy Gerardo
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Lecture 1&2

Uploaded by

Lyka Joy Gerardo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING

Lecture 1: Introduction to
2. Semi-Intensive
Aquaculture Engineering - Limited use of supplementary feed
which allows higher production than in
AQUACULTURE extensive system
▪ The science and technology of - Higher stocking density and
producing aquatic plants and animals. production cost than the extensive
(Thomas B. Lawson) system.
▪ The manipulation of at least one
stage of the life cycle of an aquatic 3. Intensive
organism to increase its production and - Complete raering of species form
yield. (FAO) young to adult in high densities and
▪ Fishery operations involving all forms usually conducted in race ways. Tanks,
of raising and culturing fish and other silos and cages
fishery species in fresh, brackish and
marine water. (RA 8550) - Requires supplemental nutrition and
antibiotics to avoid starvationa nd
AQUACULTURE diseases.
- is the raising or farming of aquatic - Often controlled (Aerations and pH
organisms of economic value in the meter)
natural or controlled marine, estuarine
or freshwater environment. Ecological Classification of
Organisms
Types of Aquaculture
A. HETEROTROPHS
1. Monoculture  Lack the metabolic capacity to
- the practice of rearing a single species synthesize food and therefore
in a culture unit must obtain it elsewhere
2. Polyculture  Decomposes complex chemical
- the practice of rearing two or more compounds to obtain energy
species of different feeding habits for and butrition
the effective use of nutritional
resources in the culture. - Herbivores (eat plants ; primary
3. Integrated Farming consumer)
- the combination of practices to - Omnivores (eat both plants and
optimize production and achieve animals)
maximum biomass harvest while - Carnivores (eat animals ; secondary
maintaining ecological harmony. and tertiary consumer)
- Scavengers (eat dead plants and
Insensity of Aquaculture Practices animals)
- Decomposers (feed by breaking down
1. Extensive dead plants and animals)
- usually involves rearing of eggs and
larvae in a hatchery before releasing B. AUTOTROPHS
into the natural habitat  Also called as producers as
- low stocking densities as dictated by they manufacture from organic
the carrying capacity of the raw materials such as carbon
environment dioxide, mineral, sunlght and
- Utilizes the natural aquatic ecosystem water.
hence, very little inputs and  PHOTOAUTOTROPHS:plants,
modifications are needed. algae and some bacteria

1
AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING
 CHEMOAUTOTROPHS:bacteria  A moving and changing
and archaeans ecosystem with a large variety
of biotopes. And having a
Classifications According to varying salinity, dissolved
Environmental Tolerance gases, light and ect.

1. STENO - narrow tolerant


2. EURY- broad tolerant
Lecture 2: Principles of
Samples:
Aquaculture
TEMPERATURE
Parameters in Selecting
- stenothermal
Aquaculture Species
- eurythermal
A) Acceptable as food to the
SALINITY
general public
- stenohaline
 For production and profit
- euryhaline
B) Must meet the following criteria
Classifications According to Location 1. Rapid growth rate
in Aquatic System 2. Life cycle is completely
understood and controllable
1. Benthic - bottom or ground dwellers 3. Tolerance to environmental
2. Pelagic - free swimmers conditions
3. Planktonic - depens on water 4. Tolerance to overstacking
currents 5. Is in the lower food chain
6. Is available for brrodstock
ECOSYSTEM
 Is the community of living Common Aquaculture Species in
organisms in conjunction the Philippines
with the abiotic environment
and the interactions of 1. Milkfish
nutrients and energy cycles 2. Giant Gourami
3. Carp
in between forming a
4. Lapu lapu
system. 5.
6. Snapper
Types of Aquatic Ecosystems 7. Catfish
8. Mudfish
1. Freshwater 9. Tilapia
 Has a low concentration of 10. Lobster
dissolved salts and other 11. Oyster
dissolved solids 12. Ulang/Tiger Prawns
 Lakes, streams, ponds 13. White leg shrimps
14. Mussels
2. Estuarine 15. Mudcrab
 A water body in which 16. Rabbit fish
freshwater mixes with
saltwater. Food Nutrition and Growth

3. Marine Major feeding types


2
AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING
1. Predators
2. Grazers
3. Strainers
4. Suckers
5. Parasites

Grazers = plant feeders


Strainers = shell fish

Nutritional Requirements

a) Metabolism rate dependend on


ambient temperature
 Metabolism, is the conversion of
food to biomass and food to
energy

b) Balance diet containing;


 Carbohydrates
 Protein
 Fat

c) Vitamins and minerals necessary


for growth and development

Growth depends on;

1. Genetics
2. Season and temperature
3. Biotic factors (density-dependent)

Development of an Aquaculture
System

6 STAGES

1. Identification of species and targeted


production

2. Definition of requirements for the


targeted production

3. Site survey

4. Engineering design

5. Cost assessment for site acquisition


and construction

6. Site acquisition and construction

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