What is your first impression about Muslim people?

ISLAM
Another Abrahamic Religion
1. What can you say about the life story
of Ishmael and Hagar?
2. What do you think is the reason why
Hagar and Ishmael leave the Canaan?
3. If you are Hagar or Ishmael, will you
do the same as what they did to
Canaan?
 Islam began with Arabian desert people around early
7 th century C.E. These people had developed their
own set of beliefs prior to the formal establishment of
Islam and had been influenced by other religions for a
long period of time such as Christianity, Judaism, and
Zoroastrianism. The city of Mecca became a sacred
shrine during the Pre-Islamic period. This means that
prior to the establishment of Islam, Arabian people
worshipped a variety of gods.
Overview
▪ Islam is the youngest among the
world’s major religions. With more
than 1.5 billion adherents comprising
almost one-fourth of the entire world
population, Islam is the second largest
group and one of the fastest growing
religion in the world.
Indonesia is the world’s
most populous Muslim
majority country with
almost 87% of the
population
 Historical Background
▪ Began with the Arabian desert people
around early 7th century C.E.

▪ Pre-Islamic people worshipped a

variety of gods which accelerated the
development of Islam.

▪ Prior to establishment of Islam, Arab

people had been influenced by
Judaism and Byzantine Christianity.
Historical Background
Mecca became the sacred shrine
because it is the central place for
worshipping gods.

Kaaba
• Ancient temple to worship gods

• Originally built for the worship of

God by Abraham and his son
Ishmael
Historical Background
Who is Muhammad?
Muhammad was considered the
founder of Islam. He was born
around 570 C.E. in Mecca. Both
parents of Muhammad died
when he was just a child. He was
taken into the custody of his
paternal uncle
Historical Background

Life of Muhammad
Muhammad begin the voice
of God in a cave on the
summit of Mount Hira. He
experienced divine
revelations delivered by the
Angel Gabriel.
Historical Background

This was the beginning of a new

order preached by Muhammad
which was built upon God’s will
and human submission to this
belief. This is why the term “Islam”
originated from an Arabic word
meaning “submit.”
Historical Background

• Islam means to “surrender or submit oneself for

obedience to God.”

• The word “Muslim” is the Arabic word for a

person who submits. A Muslim, therefore, is a
“person who surrenders or submits himself to
obey God.” The word Allah means “the one who
is God” to which Muhammad is preaching.
 Islam began with Arabian desert people around
early 7 the century C.E. These people had
developed their own set of beliefs prior to the
formal establishment of Islam and had been
influenced by other religions for a long period of
time such as Christianity, Judaism, and
Zoroastrianism. The city of Mecca became a sacred
shrine during the Pre-Islamic period. This means
that prior to the establishment of Islam, Arabian
people worshipped a variety of gods.
 Historical Background
• The Muslim considered Muhammad
as a messenger and the last prophet
sent by God to humankind who was
visited by Angel Gabriel.

• The journey of Muhammad from

Mecca to Medina is known as hijra
which marked the beginning of the
Islamic calendar.
Sacred Scripture
Quran
▪ Sacred Writing of the
Muslims
▪ Means “recitation” or
“reading”
Sacred Scripture

What makes it sacred?

Muslims believe that the Quran is a copy of
the eternal scripture written in heaven but
made known to Muhammad.
Salient Points about the Quran:
▪ Considered as the word of God.
▪ It was revealed in Arabic
▪ Muhammad memorized the lines of the Quran for 23
years.
▪ Almost the same length as the New Testament
BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES
The following are the major beliefs of Islam:
1.Islam is a way of life which God intended for His creation. A
religion of peace and mercy.
2.Muslims believe that Muhammad is the last prophet. Moses and
Jesus as prophets were rejected and killed except Muhammad.
3.Muslims believed that there is only one compassionate and
everlasting GOD.
4.Islamic religious laws cover the daily life of all Muslims from
education, marriage, sexual relations justice, punishment and
diet.
Shari’a Law
▪ The concept of law or justice in Islam
▪ Based upon Qur’anic verses as revealed by God
to Muhammad
 Five Pillars of Islam
The Creed (Shahada)
This is the basic creed of Islam: there is no God but
Allah, and Muhammad is Allah’s Prophet. In Arabic, the
shahada is recited as “La ilaha illa Allah; Muhammadon
rasul Allah.” These are the very first words uttered into
an infant’s ear and the last word given to a dying
Muslim.
 Five Pillars of Islam
Obligatory Prayer (Salat)
This is a ritual prayer five times a day (dawn, noon, afternoon,
sunset, late evening). In a mosque where Muslims offer prayers
in congregation, men and women pray separately. Before any
prayer commences, a ritual washing (wudu) must be performed
to remove any impurities and unclean substances from the
body or clothes of the faithful. Most mosques are frequently
equipped with facilities for washing hands, feet, and face
before prayer.
 Five Pillars of Islam
Poor Tax (Zakat)
The giving of alms is the third pillar.
Although not defined in the Qur’an,
Muslims believe that they are meant to
share their wealth with those less fortunate
in their community of believers
 Five Pillars of Islam
Fasting (Sawm)
This is performed during the entire 30 days of Ramadan,
which is the 9 th month of the Islamic calendar. Ramadan is
believed to be the month when Muhammad received the
first verse or surah of the Qur’an. Fasting is done by all
Muslims to express obedience to Allah and the readiness to
relinquish pleasures in their lives. Muslims should refrain
from eating, drinking, smoking, and other pleasures from
dawn until sunset
 Five Pillars of Islam

Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) All Muslims must

attempt to undertake pilgrimage to the holy city of
Mecca or hajj at least once in their lifetime during
the 12th Islamic month.
1.Who was Muhammad and what was his
message?
2.What are the differences between the
Qur’an and the Bible?
1.What is the most important teaching of
Islam that you may apply in your life as an
individual?
2.How does Islam affect daily life?
How does Islam religion become religion?

Islam is a strictly monotheistic religion, and its adherents,

called Muslims, regard the Prophet Muhammad as the last
and most perfect of God’s messengers, who include Adam,
Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and others. The sacred scripture
of Islam is the Qur’an, which contains God’s revelations to
Muhammad.
 SELECTED ISSUES
The Holy War (Jihad) One controversial requirement
placed upon Muslims by their faith concerns holy war or
jihad. Jihad means “effort” or “struggle” with a
praiseworthy aim. It is an effort to make personal and
social life conformed with God's guidance, such as
struggle against one's evil inclinations. It also aims to
convince unbelievers to pursue the Muslim way of life.
However, the method of a jihadist can be a peaceful one,
such as observing the required obligation of faith.
 SELECTED ISSUES
Militancy and Terrorism Islam is a religion of peace and
mercy that prohibits terrorism. Since Islam is a religion of
peace and mercy, terrorism in all its forms is against
Islam’s teaching. Muslims who promote terrorism and
mass slaughter of innocent and helpless civilians do not
embody Islamic ideals. Their blatant disregard of
Qur’anic teachings distorts the very essence of Islam as a
peaceful religion.