The SanSkriT College and UniverSiTy

deparTmenT of aiWh
4-year CUrriCUlUm and CrediT frameWork for UndergradUaTe programme
DRAFT PROPOSAL
(As per National Education Policy, 2020) (w.e.f Academic Session 2023-24)

Summary of the NEP Requirements

Types of degrees:
1. UG Certificate: Completes only 1 year (Minimum credits 40)
2. UG Diploma: Completes only 2 years (Minimum credits 80) + 1 vocational summer course (4 credits)
3. UG Major: Completes 3 years (Minimum credits 120, 60 of which have to be from the Major discipline)
4. UG Honours: Completes 4 years (Minimum credits 160, 80 of which have to be from the Major discipline)
5. UG Honours with Research: Completes 4 years (Secures 75% and above after six semesters and decides to take up research. Minimum credit 160, 80 of
which must be from the Major discipline and 12 credits from a research project/dissertation).

A student has to choose one Major discipline, one Minor discipline, and two Multidisciplinary subjects in the first year. The student is allowed to change
the Major discipline after the first year. If the student stays with his/her Major Discipline, the ensuing degree is going to be UG Degree Programme with
Single Major. If the student changes the Major, it is going to be a Multidisciplinary UG Programmes within one of the two broad disciplines in our
university, namely social sciences (AIWH, Philosophy, Linguistics, and Advaita Vedanta) and Humanities (Bengali, English, Sanskrit, Pali, Panini
Vyakarana, Sahitya). While 50% of the credits pursued by the student have to be from the Major discipline, the student also has to choose a Minor
discipline as mentioned above. The student has to finish a minimum of 24 credits in a 3-year UG and 32 credits in a 4-year UG in Minor courses offered
by any other discipline than his/her Major discipline, but 50% of those (i.e. minimum 12 credits in a 3-year UG and 16 credits in a 4-year UG have to be
from the Minor discipline chosen by the student to earn him/her a Minor Degree in that. The other 50% can be from any discipline except his/her Major
discipline). Other minimum requirements for a 3/4 years UG Degree are 9 credits from Multidisciplinary courses, 8 credits from Ability Enhancement
Courses, 9 credits from Skill Enhancement Courses, 6-8 credits from Value Added Courses, and 2-4 credits from Summer Internship. The Summer
Internship is to be from outside the University.

Page 1 of 91
Credits
Major/Minor courses – 4
Multidisciplinary – 3
AEC – 2
Skill Enhancement – 3
Value Added Course – 2
Summer Internship – 2/4
Research Project/Dissertation – 12

Proposed course structure

Year 1 (Total minimum credits – 40)

Semester I (Total credits – 20)

Core course – 1 (own discipline): 4 credits (3 lectures+1 tutorial)

Minor course – 1 (other disciplines): 4 credits (3 lecture+ 1 tutorial)
Multidisciplinary course – 1 (another discipline from the available pool): 3 credits
AEC – 1 (English/Bengali/Sanskrit): 2 credits
Skill Enhancement Course – 1 (own discipline): 3 credits
Value-added course – 2 (compulsory for all): 4 credits

Semester II (Total credits – 20)

Core course – 1 (own discipline): 4 credits (3 lectures+1 tutorial)

Minor course – 1 (other disciplines): 4 credits (3 lectures+1 tutorial)
Multidisciplinary course – 1 (another discipline from the available pool): 3 credits
AEC – 1 (English/Bengali/ Sanskrit): 2 credits
Skill Enhancement Course – 1 (own discipline): 3 credits
Value-added courses – 2 (compulsory for all): 4 credits

Year 2 (Total minimum credits – 40)

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Semester III (Total credits -- 20)

Core courses – 2 (own discipline): 8 credits (3 lectures+1 tutorial in each)

Minor course – 1 (other disciplines): 4 credits (3 l3ctures+1 tutorial)
Multidisciplinary course – 1 (another discipline from the available pool): 3 credits
AEC – 1 (English/Bengali/Sanskrit): 2 credits
Skill Enhancement Course – 1 (own discipline): 3 credits

Semester IV (Total minimum credits – 22)

Core courses – 4 (own discipline): 16 credits (3 lectures+1 tutorial in each)

Minor course – 1 (other disciplines): 4 credits
AEC – 1 (Bengali/English/Sanskrit): 2 credits

Year 3 (Total minimum credits – 40)

Semester V (Total credits – 20)

Core courses – 3 (own discipline): 12 credits (3 lectures+1 tutorial in each)

Minor course – 1 (other discipline): 4 credits (3 lectures+ 1 tutorial)
Summer Internship (outside the institute): 1/2 internship: 4 credits

Semester VI (Total credits – 20)

Core courses – 4 (own discipline): 16 credits (3 lectures+1 tutorial in each)

Minor course – 1 (other disciplines): 4 credits (3 lectures+ 1 tutorial)

Year 4 (Total minimum credits – 40)

Semester VII (Total credits – 20)

Core courses – 4 (own discipline): 16 credits (3 lectures+ 1 tutorial in each)

Minor course – 1 (other disciplines): 4 credits (3 lecture+1 tutorial)

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Semester VIII (Total credits – 20)
Core courses – 4 (own discipline): 16 credits (3 lectures+1 tutorial in each)
Minor course – 1 (other disciplines): 4 credits (3 lectures+ 1 tutorial)

OR

Core course – 1 (own discipline): 4 credits (3 lectures+1 tutorial)

Minor course – 1 (other disciplines): 4 credits (3 lectures+1 tutorial)
Research Project/Dissertation – 1 (12 credits)

Note: For research, minimum of 75% marks have to be obtained in the first six semesters.

Minimum Courses to be offered by each Department

Major Courses - 23
Minor courses – 8 (these courses have to be open for opting as minor for other discipline, at least 3 of which must be connected with vocational education
and training)
Skill Enhancement courses – 3
AEC – 4 courses to be offered by Bengali, English and Sanskrit Departments (Each of 2 credits)

Pool of Multidisciplinary Courses (Three (03) Multidisciplinary courses to be selected from below)

SL 1st Semester 2nd Semester 3rd Semester

NO.
1 History History History
2 Archaeology Archaeology Archaeology
3 Art and Creative Expression Art and Creative Expression Art and Creative Expression
4 Comparative Literature Comparative Literature Comparative Literature
5 Philosophy Philosophy Philosophy
6 Political Science Political Science Political Science
7 Gender Studies Gender Studies Gender Studies
8 Sanskrit Sanskrit Sanskrit
9 Pali Pali Pali
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 10 Linguistics Linguistics Linguistics
11 Psychology Psychology Psychology
12 Advaita Vedanta Advaita Vedanta Advaita Vedanta
13 Panini Vyakaran Panini Vyakaran Panini Vyakaran
14 Sahitya Sahitya Sahitya
Note: A multi-disciplinary course is an option to explore disciplines of interest beyond the choices students make in major courses. Students can choose any one from
this pool of Multidisciplinary Courses each semester. Students are not allowed to choose or repeat courses already undergone at the higher secondary level in the
proposed major and minor stream under this category. These courses are common for all disciplines and programmes.

Four Compulsory Value-Added Courses

1. Understanding India
2. Environmental Education
3. Sports and Fitness
4. Health and Awareness
Or
Yoga Education

Page 5 of 91
 CoUrSe STrUCTUre for The deparTmenT of aiWh, SCU

SEMESTER COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE COURSE TYPE CONTAC CREDITS MARKS
T HOURS
PER
WEEK
L-T-P/O
AIWH/CC/101 Prehistoric and Protohistoric Cultures of the Indian Core Course-1 3-1-0 4 50
Subcontinent and its archaeological foundations
AIWH/MI/101 Indian Prehistory and Protohistory: An outline Minor Course-1 3-1-0 4 50
AIWH/SE/101 Archaeology: Methods and Practices Skill 3 3 50
Enhancement
Course-1
SEMESTER-I
UGHI/MD/101 History Multidisciplinary 3 3 50
Course-1
UGAR/MD/101 Archaeology
(Students can
UGAC/MD/101 Art and Creative Expression choose any one
from this pool of
UGCL/MD/101 Comparative Literature
Multidisciplinary
UGPH/MD/101 Philosophy Courses. Students
are not allowed to
UGPS/MD/101 Political Science
choose or repeat
UGGS/MD/101 Gender Studies courses already
undergone at the
UGSA/MD/101 Sanskrit higher secondary
UGPA/MD/101 Pali level in the
proposed major
UGLI/MD/101 Linguistics and minor stream
UGPY/MD/101 Psychology under this
category)
UGAV/MD/101 Advaita Vedanta

Page 6 of 91
 UGPV/MD/101 Panini Vyakaran
UGSY/MD/101 Sahitya
UGEL/AE/101 English Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
UGSL/AE/101 Sanskrit Language Course-1
UGBL/AE/101 Bengali Language (Students can
choose any one of
these three
languages)
UGEE/VA/101 Environmental Education Value Added 2 2 50
course-1
(compulsory for all)
UGSF/VA/102 Sports and Fitness Value Added 2 2 50
course-2
(compulsory for all)
Total 20 350
AIWH/CC/102 The Ancient World Civilizations: Egypt, Core Course-2 3-1-0 4 50
Mesopotamia, Aegean and Mycenaean
AIWH/MI/102 The Ancient World Civilizations: An outline Minor Course-2 3-1-0 4 50
AIWH/SE/102 Introduction to Early Indian Epigraphic and Numismatic Skill 3 3 50
Studies Enhancement
Course-2
UGHI/MD/102 HISTORY Multidisciplinary 3 3 50
Course-2
UGAR/MD/102 ARCHAEOLOGY
(Students can
UGAC/MD/102 ART AND CREATIVE EXPRESSION choose any one
from this pool of
UGCL/MD/102 COMPARATIVE LITERATURE
Multidisciplinary
SEMESTER-II UGPH/MD/102 PHILOSOPHY Courses. Students
are not allowed to
UGPS/MD/102 POLITICAL SCIENCE
choose or repeat
UGGS/MD/102 GENDER STUDIES courses already
undergone at the
UGSA/MD/102 SANSKRIT higher secondary
Page 7 of 91
UGPA/MD/102 PALI level in the
proposed major
UGLI/MD/102 LINGUISTICS
and minor stream
UGPY/MD/102 PSYCHOLOGY under this
category)
UGAV/MD/102 ADVAITA VEDANTA
UGPV/MD/102 PANINI VYAKARAN
UGSY/MD/102 SAHITYA
UGEL/AE/102 English (offered by the English department) Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
UGSL/AE/102 Sanskrit (offered by the Sanskrit department) Course-2
UGBL/AE/102 Bengali (offered by the Bengali department) (Students can
choose any one of
these three
languages)
UGUI/VA/103AI Understanding India Value Added 2 2 50
course-3
(compulsory for all)
UGHW/VA/104 Health and Wellness Value Added 2 2 50
course-4
(compulsory for all)
Total 20 350
AIWH/CC/201 Political History of Early India from Core Course-3 3-1-0 4 50
1500 BCE to c. 200 BCE
AIWH/CC/202 Political History of Early India from c. 200 BCE- 550 Core Course-4 3-1-0 4 50
CE
AIWH/MI/201 Political History of Ancient India Minor course-3 3-1-0 4 50
AIWH/SE/103 Museology Skill 3 3 50
enhancement
Course-3
UGHI/MD/103 HISTORY Multidisciplinary 3 3 50
Course-3
UGAR/MD/103 ARCHAEOLOGY
(Students can
UGAC/MD/103 ART AND CREATIVE EXPRESSION choose any one

Page 8 of 91
 UGCL/MD/103 COMPARATIVE LITERATURE from this pool of
SEMESTER-III Multidisciplinary
UGPH/MD/103 PHILOSOPHY
Courses. Students
UGPS/MD/103 POLITICAL SCIENCE are not allowed to
choose or repeat
UGGS/MD/103 GENDER STUDIES
courses already
UGSA/MD/103 SANSKRIT undergone at the
higher secondary
UGPA/MD/103 PALI
level in the
UGLI/MD/103 LINGUISTICS proposed major
and minor stream
UGPY/MD/103 PSYCHOLOGY under this
UGAV/MD/103 ADVAITA VEDANTA category)
UGPV/MD/103 PANINI VYAKARAN
UGSY/MD/103 SAHITYA
UGEL/AE/201 English (offered by the English department) Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
UGSL/AE/201 Sanskrit (offered by the Sanskrit department) Course-3
UGBL/AE/201 Bengali (offered by the Bengali department) (Students can
choose any one of
these three
languages)
Total 20 300
AIWH/CC/203 Ancient Indian Economy: From the beginning till Core Course-5 3-1-0 4 50
1300 CE
AIWH/CC/204 Political History of North India of the Core Course-6 3-1-0 4 50
Early Medieval Period (c. 550-1300 CE)
AIWH/CC/205 Political History of South India of Core Course-7 3-1-0 4 50
SEMESTER-IV Early Medieval Period (c.550-1200 CE)
AIWH/CC/206 Ancient Greece and Rome Core Course-8 3-1-0 4 50

AIWH/MI/202 Classical Civilization: Greece and Rome Minor Course-4 3-1-0 4 50

Page 9 of 91
 UGEL/AE/202 English (offered by the English department) Ability 2 2 50
enhancement
UGSL/AE/202 Sanskrit (offered by the Sanskrit department)
Course-4
UGBL/AE/202 Bengali (offered by the Bengali department) (Students can
choose any one of
these three
languages)
Total 22 250
AIWH/CC/301 Political History of Bengal from Prehistory to 1300 Core Course-9 3-1-0 4 50
CE.
AIWH/CC/302 Socio-Economic and Cultural History of Bengal from Core Course-10 3-1-0 4 50
the beginning to 1300 CE.
SEMESTER-V AIWH/CC/303 Early History of China Core Course-11 3-1-0 4 50
AIWH/MI/203 Indian Paleography Minor Course-5 3-1-0 4 50
AIWH/IN/101 Internship 4 credits have to be earned Internship-1 2 2 50
from outside the parent
AIWH/IN/102 Internship Internship-2 2 2 50
institution.
Total 20 250 or
as
appropriate
AIWH/CC/304 History of India (1200-1526CE) Core Course-12 3-1-0 4 50
AIWH/CC/305 History of India (1526-1757) Core Course-13 3-1-0 4 50
AIWH/CC/306 Historiography and the Tradition of Historical Core Course-14 3-1-0 4 50
SEMESTER-VI Discourse in Early India
AIWH/CC/307 Social Life of Ancient India: From the beginning till Core Course-15 3-1-0 4 50
1300 CE
AIWH/MI/204 Social life of Ancient India Minor Course-6 3-1-0 4 50
Total 20 250
AIWH/CC/401 Historical Methodology Core Course-16 3-1-0 4 50
AIWH/CC/402 History of India (1757-1857) Core Course-17 3-1-0 4 50

Page 10 of 91
SEMESTER- AIWH/CC/403 History of India (1857-1947) Core Course-18 3-1-0 4 50
VII
AIWH/CC/404 History of Early Indian Art and Architecture Core Course-19 3-1-0 4 50
AIWH/MI/301 Heritage Studies Minor Course-7 3-1-0 4 50
Total 20 250
SEMESTER- AIWH/CC/405 Religious Ideologies in Early India: Belief and Core Course-20 3-1-0 4 50
VIII Practices
(WITHOUT AIWH/CC/406 Early History of Southeast Asia Core Course-21 3-1-0 4 50
RESEARCH)
AIWH/CC/407 Making of the Twentieth Century World I (1900- Core Course-22 3-1-0 4 50
1945)
AIWH/CC/408 Making of the Twentieth Century World II (1945- Core Course-23 3-1-0 4 50
1991)
AIWH/MI/302 Development of Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jaina Minor Course-8 3-1-0 4 50
Iconography of Ancient India
Total 20 250
SEMESTER- AIWH/CC/405 Students can choose any core course from 405, 406, Core Course-20 3-1-0 4 50
VIII 407, and 408.
(WITH AIWH/MI/302 Development of Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jaina Minor Course-8 3-1-0 4 50
RESEARCH) Iconography of Ancient India
AIWH/RP/409 Research Project Research Project 12 12 50 or as
appropriate
Total 20 150 or as
appropriate

Page 11 of 91
 deTailS of CoUrSe ConTenTS
SemeSTer-i
Course Code Course Title Course type L - T - P Credits Marks
AIWH/CC/101 Prehistoric and Protohistoric Cultures of Core course-1 3- 1- 0 4 50
the Indian Subcontinent and its
archaeological foundations

Unit-1 (10 hours)

Prehistory and Protohistory: definition–terminology-periodization. Palaeolithic Cultures: Salient
features, Geographical distribution, Belan Valley, Son Valley; Mesolithic Cultures: Salient features,
Geographical distribution, Vindhyas, Ganga Plains; Neolithic Cultures: Salient features, Geographical
distribution, South India, Vindhyas, and Ganga Plains.
Unit-2 (10 hours)
Problem of the beginning of food production in India and the evidence from Mehrgarh; the Growth of
villages from Baluchistan to Western Uttar Pradesh. Early/Pre Harappan-Cultures - Prelude to the
Harappan Civilization
Unit-3 (15 hours)
Harappan Civilization: Origin, terminologies, and chronology; distribution; urban forms, architecture,
and town planning; Trade, exchange, crafts, and technology; the Harappan script; art; religion; decline
of the Harappan Civilization.
Unit-4 (10 hours)
Late/Post-Harappan Cultures: Pastoralist/Early Cultures contemporary to Harappans: Cemetery H,
Gandhara Grave, Lustrous Red Ware, Ochre Coloured Pottery, and Copper hordes of India; Megalithic
cultures of South India.

*Field surveys in different archaeological sites and participation of the students in the excavation
programmes undertaken by Central and State authorities (Archaeological Survey of India, State
Archaeological Museums, Govt. of West Bengal), etc. are desirable.

Reading List:
Agrawal, D.P. 1982. The Archaeology of India, London.
Allchin, B. and F.R. Allchin 1968.The Birth of Indian Civilization, Harmondsworth.
Allchin, F.R. and Dilip K. Chakrabarti.A Sourcebook of Indian Archaeology, 3 Volumes,Delhi Vol. I
1979, Vol. II 1997, Vol. III 2003
Bhattacharya, D.K. 1979. Old Stone Age Tools, Calcutta.
Chakrabarti, Dilip, K. 2006. The Oxford Companion to Indian Archaeology: The Archaeological
Foundations of Ancient India, Stone Age to AD 13th Century, Delhi.1999.
Page 12 of 91
 Chakrabarti, Dilip K., Bharatbarsher Pragitihas-Itihasa Granthamala 6, Calcutta
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. and Makkhan Lal, eds. 2014. Ancient India Series, (Vols. 1-2), New Delhi.
Jarrige, Catherine et.al. 1995. Mehrgarh: Field Reports 1974-1985, from Neolithic Times tothe Indus
Civilization, Karachi.
Kenoyer, J.M. 1991. Harappa Excavations 1986-90 (Meadow, R.H. ed.),Madison, Wisconsin.
Kenoyer, J.M., ed., Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, Karachi, 2000.
Lahiri, N. 1992. The Archaeology of Indian Trade Routes (up to c. 200 BC), New Delhi
1998.
Lahiri, N., The Decline and Fall of the Indus Civilization, Delhi, 2000.
Mishra V. D. and J.N. Pal eds. 2002.Mesolithic India, Allahabad.
Possehl, G.L. 2003. The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, New Delhi. Ratnagar,
Shireen. 2001. Understanding Harappa, Delhi.
Ratnagar, Shireen. 2003, Harappa Sabhyatar Sandhane, Kolkata.
Ratnagar, Shireen. 2000. The End of the Great Harappan Tradition, Delhi.
Sankalia, H.D. 1974. Pre and Protohistory of India and Pakistan, Pune.
Settar, S. and R. Korisettar, eds. 2002. Indian Archaeology in Retrospect, Vols. I-III. New Delhi.
Singh, Upinder. 2009. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India from the Stone Age tothe 12th
Century.
Wheeler, R.E.M, 1959. Early India and Pakistan, London.
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/MI/101 Indian Prehistory and Protohistory: Minor Course-1 3 -0 - 0 3 50

An outline
Unit-1 (10 hours)
Prehistory and Protohistory: definition–terminology-periodization.
Salient features and Geographical distribution of Palaeolithic Cultures; Mesolithic Cultures; Neolithic
Cultures.
Unit-2 (10 hours)
Problem of the beginning of food production in India and the evidence from Mehrgarh; the Growth of
villages from Baluchistan to Western Uttar Pradesh.
Early/Pre Harappan-Cultures - Prelude to the Harappan Civilization
Unit-3 (15 hours)
Harappan Civilization: Origin, terminologies, and chronology; distribution; urban forms, architecture,
and town planning; Trade, exchange, crafts, and technology; the Harappan script; art; religion; decline
of the Harappan Civilization.

Page 13 of 91
Unit-4 (10 hours)
Late/Post-Harappan Cultures: Pastoralist/Early Cultures contemporary to Harappans: Cemetery H,
Gandhara Grave, Lustrous Red Ware, Ochre Coloured Pottery, and Copper hordes of India; Megalithic
cultures of South India.

*Field surveys in different archaeological sites and participation of the students in the excavation
programmes undertaken by Central and State authorities (Archaeological Survey of India, State
Archaeological Museums, Govt. of West Bengal), etc. are desirable.

Reading List:
Agrawal, D.P. 1982. The Archaeology of India, London.
Allchin, B. and F.R. Allchin 1968.The Birth of Indian Civilization, Harmondsworth.
Allchin, F.R. and Dilip K. Chakrabarti.A Sourcebook of Indian Archaeology, 3 Volumes,Delhi Vol. I
1979, Vol. II 1997, Vol. III 2003
Bhattacharya, D.K. 1979. Old Stone Age Tools, Calcutta.
Chakrabarti, Dilip, K. 2006. The Oxford Companion to Indian Archaeology: The Archaeological
Foundations of Ancient India, Stone Age to AD 13th Century, Delhi.1999.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K., Bharatbarsher Pragitihas-Itihasa Granthamala 6, Calcutta
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. and Makkhan Lal, eds. 2014. Ancient India Series, (Vols. 1-2), New Delhi.
Jarrige, Catherine et.al. 1995. Mehrgarh: Field Reports 1974-1985, from Neolithic Times tothe Indus
Civilization, Karachi.
Kenoyer, J.M. 1991. Harappa Excavations 1986-90 (Meadow, R.H. ed.),Madison, Wisconsin.
Kenoyer, J.M., ed., Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, Karachi, 2000.
Lahiri, N. 1992. The Archaeology of Indian Trade Routes (up to c. 200 BC), New Delhi, 1998.
Lahiri, N., The Decline and Fall of the Indus Civilization, Delhi, 2000.
Mishra V. D. and J.N. Pal eds. 2002.Mesolithic India, Allahabad.
Possehl, G.L. 2003. The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, New Delhi. Ratnagar,
Shireen. 2001. Understanding Harappa, Delhi.
Ratnagar, Shireen. 2003, Harappa Sabhyatar Sandhane, Kolkata.
Ratnagar, Shireen. 2000. The End of the Great Harappan Tradition, Delhi.
Sankalia, H.D. 1974. Pre and Protohistory of India and Pakistan, Pune.
Settar, S. and R. Korisettar, eds. 2002. Indian Archaeology in Retrospect, Vols. I-III. New Delhi.
Singh, Upinder. 2009. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India from the Stone Age tothe 12th
Century.
Wheeler, R.E.M, 1959. Early India and Pakistan, London.
Page 14 of 91
 Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/SE/101 Archaeology: Methods and Skill Enhancement 3 -0 - 0 3 50

Practices Course-1

Unit-I (5 hours)
Importance of Archaeological method in reconstructing history
Artifacts and Eco-facts
Unit-II (25 hours)
Exploration Methods- Nature and objectives- Primary Methods of Site Survey
Excavation Method- Importance of Excavation- Layout of trenches-Different kinds of Excavation-
Trial Trenching or Sondage- Rectangular Trenching System or Vertical Excavation- Grid System or
Horizontal Excavation- Open Stripping- Quadrant Method.
Stratigraphy and its importance in Archaeology- Disturbance to the Strata- Pits, postholes and Robber
Trench Bench Level and Datum Line System
Different Kinds of Site Excavation Method with case study- Burial Excavation- Structure Excavation-
Ancient city /Town Excavation
Unit-III (5 hours)
Archaeological Recording –Explored material and excavated remains.
Unit- IV (10 hours)
Dating Methods in Archaeology- Relative dating- Absolute dating- Case study
Reading list:
Rajan, K, 2002, Method and Principle of Archaeology.
Raman, K V, 1986, Principle and Method of Archaeology
Wheeler, R E M, 1954, Archaeology from the Earth.

mUlTidiSCiplinary: hiSTory
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGHI/MD/101 History of Science and Technology Multidisciplinary-1 3 -0 - 0 3 50

in Pre-colonial India

Unit 1:
Introduction to the History of Science and Technology (6 Hours)
Historiography; Objectives; Basic concepts in the history of science; continuity and change
Unit 2:
Ancient Indian Technology from Archaeology (9 Hours)
Page 15 of 91
 Harappan technology: ceramics, beads, systems of irrigation, brick-making, metallurgy
Iron technology and its impact: North Indian cultures and the Megalithic cultures
Iron age ceramics: PGW and NBPW
Unit 3:
Ancient Indian Science and Technology from Texts (10 Hours)
Vedāṅgas and specialized knowledge systems
Śulba Sūtras and Vedic geometry
Astronomy and mathematics: Āryabhaṭṭa, Varāhamihira, Bhāskara
Healthcare systems: Caraka and Śusruta
Unit 4
Science and Technology in Early Medieval and Medieval India (20 hours)
Indian Knowledge Systems and the Arab World
Agriculture: crops and tools – irrigation – agricultural processing
Crafts: Textile technology – mining and metallurgy – building industry – other crafts
War equipment before gunpowder
Firearms
Inland transport and communications
Oceanic navigations
History of medieval Indian technology

Essential readings:
Agrawal, D.P., The Copper Bronze Age in India, New Delhi, 1969.
Agrawal, D.P., Ancient Metal Technology and Archaeology of South Asia, New Delhi, 2000.
Bag, A.K., History of Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India, Varanasi, 1979.
Bag, A.K., Science and Civilization in India: Harappan Period, Vol. 1, New Delhi, 1985.
Bag, A.K. (ed.), History of Technology in India (Vols. 1-4), New Delhi, 1997.
Bharadwaj, H.C., Aspects of Ancient Indian Technology, Delhi, 2000.
Bharadwaj, H.C., Metallurgy in Indian Archaeology, Varanasi, 2000.
Bose, D.M., Sen, S.N., and Subbarayappa, B.V., (eds.), A Concise History of Science in India, New
Delhi, 1971.
Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad, ed., History of Science and Technology in Ancient India (Vols. 1-3),
Calcutta, 1986, 1991, 1886.
Habib, Irfan, Technology in Medieval India, New Delhi, 2009.
Khan, Iqtidar Alam, Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India, Delhi, 2004.
Page 16 of 91
 Rahman, A., ed., Science and Technology in Indian Culture: A Historical Perspective, New Delhi,
1984.
Ratnagar, Shereen, Makers and Shapers: Early Indian Technology in Home, Village, and the Urban
Workshop, Delhi, 2007.
Sankalia, H.D., Some Aspects of Prehistoric Technology in India, Hounslow, 2007.
Sahu, B.P., ed., Iron and Social Change in Early India, New Delhi, 2006.
Suggested readings:
Agrawal, D.P., The Archaeology of India, London, 1982.
Biswas, A.K., Minerals and Metals in Ancient India (Vols. 1-2), New Delhi, 1996.
Chakrabarti, D.K., Early Use of Iron in India, New Delhi, 1992.
Chakrabarti, D.K. and Lahiri, Nayanjot, Copper and its Alloy in Ancient India, New Delhi, 1996.
Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad, ed., History of Science, Philosophy, and Culture in Indian Civilization,
16 Vols., New Delhi.
Kuppuram, G., and Kumudamani, K., History of Science and Technology in India, 12 Vols., Delhi,
1990.
Tripathi, Vibha, The Age of Iron in South Asia: Legacy and Tradition, New Delhi, 2001.
---------------- History of Iron Technology in India, New Delhi, 2008.

arChaeology
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGAR/MD/101 Introduction to Archaeology Multidisciplinary-1 3 -0 - 0 3 50

Unit- I: (8 hours)
DEFINITION, GOALS, SCOPE, VALUE AND DIFFERENT KINDS OF ARCHAEOLOGY
Definition of archaeology
Goals of Archaeology
Scope of Archaeology
Value of Archaeology
Different kinds of archaeology- i. Ethno-archaeology, ii. Gender archaeology, iii. Regional
archaeology iv. Salvage archaeology, v. Settlement archaeology vi. Household archaeology, vi.
Battlefield archaeology, vii. Industrial archaeology, viii. Cognitive archaeology, ix. Underwater
archaeology

Page 17 of 91
Unit-II: (10 hours)
Relationship of archaeology with history and anthropology.
Exploration and Excavation
Unit-III: (7 hours)
The Archaeological time-line: from pre-historic to early medieval and beyond
Unit-IV: (20 hours)
A BRIEF OUTLINE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL THOUGHTS
a. WESTERN THOUGHT
Early Antiquarian Archaeology
C.J. Thompson and three age system
B De Perthes and the Beginning of pre-historic archaeology
Gordon Childe and his theoretical approach
Binford and the concept of new archaeology
David Clerk and the concept of Analytical archaeology
b. INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY
Establishment of the Asiatic society –Sir William Jones and Sir James Prinsep
Sir Alexander Cunningham
M. Taylor
James Burgess
Sir John Marshall
R.D Banerjee, K.N Dikshit, N.G Majumdar , R.P Chanda, N K Bhattasali
Sir Mortimer Wheeler
H.D Sankalia, A Ghosh, S.R Das, Debola Mitra, P.C Dasgupta, K. Paddayya.

Cultural resource management and public archaeology

Reading list:
Rajan K, 2002, Method and Principle of Archaeology.
Raman K V, 1986, Principle and Method of Archaeology.
Roy, Surindranath, 1961, The Story of Indian Archaeology.
Trigger, Bruce G, 1989, A History of Archaeological Thought.

Page 18 of 91
arT and CreaTive expreSSion
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGAE/MD/101 History of Indian Traditional Multidisciplinary-1 3 -0 - 0 3 50

Performing Arts

Unit-1 (8 hours)
The origin and Development of Natya, Nritya and Nritta
Bharata Natyasastra (Ch. 1/ 2/)
Dasarupaka (Ch.1 /2)
Unit-2 (12 hours)
Ancient Indian Forms of Dances
Bharatnatyam –
History of Bharatnatyam dance -
Representations in Art Forms- Temples, Sculptures, Paintings.
History of Odissi dance
Representations in Art Forms- Temples, Sculptures, paintings
Unit-3 (10 hours)
Gaudiya- A Regional classical dance tradition
History of Gaudiya Nritya
Srihastamuktavali, Sangita-Damodara, Govinda Lilamritam
Representations in Art Forms- Temples, Scuptures, Paintings.
Unit-4 (15 hours)
Ancient Indian Forms of Theatre
Introduction to dramaturgy- Origin of Drama-Types of Dramas (The Ten Types of Dramas)
Various aspects of staging- like theatre, instruments, acting, actors, and assessment of
performances, colours, ornaments and dresses as well.
Depiction in ancient sculptures in temples.
The students may be taken to see life performances in drama and dance in the city. They
may also be shown documentation of performances (dance and drama) in screens.

Page 19 of 91
Reading List:
Abhinav Publications.
Acharya, Sitanath & Das, Debkumar .1997 Dasrupaka. Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar
Ambrose, Kay. 1950. Classical Dances and Costumes of India. London.
and Indian dance, Singing Dragon, London and Philadelphia.
Banerjee, Utpal Kumar. 2006. Indian Performing Arts: A Mosaic. New Delhi: Harman
Bhavnani, Enakshi. 1965. The Dance in India.Bombay.
Byrski, M. Christopher. 1974. Concept of Ancient Indian Theatre, Munshiram
Caroll, Cain and Revital Carroll. 2012. A Comprehensive Guide to Hand Gestures of Yoga
Chattopadhyay, Gayatri. Bharater Nrityakala, Nabapatra Prakashan, Bangla 1371.
Khokar, Mohan. 1979. Traditions of Indian Classical Dance, Clarion Books.
Kothari, Sunil, Pasricha, Avinash. 1990. Odissi: Indian classical dance art. Marg
Kumar, Pushpendra . 2006. Natyasastra of Bharatamuni (Text with Commentary of Abhinavabharati
& English Translation), Vol I-III, Delhi.
Mankad, D.R. 1960. Ancient Indian Theatre, Charotar Book Stall.
Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Mukhopadhyay, Bimalakanta, ed., 2008. Sahityadarpan. Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar.
Nair, C .Venugopalan. 2011. Mudras in Bharatanatyam, Delhi.
Patnaik , Dhirendranath. 1990. Odissi Dance. Orissa Sangeet Natak Adademi.
Publications.
Publishing House.
Varadpande, M. L.1979.Traditions of Indian Theatre, Abhinav Publications, New Delhi.
Varadpnde, M.L.,1991. History of Indian Theatre. Loka Ranga Panorama of Indian Folk Theatre.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGEL/AE/101 English Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-1
• This course has been offered by the Department of English, SCU.
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGSL/AE/101 Sanskrit Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-1
• This course has been offered by the Department of Sanskrit, SCU.
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGBL/AE/101 Bengali Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-1
• This course has been offered by the Department of Bengali, SCU.
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGEE/VA/101 Environmental Education Value added 2 2 50
Course-1
• To be offered Centrally.

Page 20 of 91
 Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGSF/VA/102 Sports and Fitness Value added 2 2 50
Course-2
• To be offered Centrally.

SemeSTer-ii

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/102 The Ancient World Civilizations: Core Course-2 3-1-0 4 50
Egypt, Mesopotamia, Aegean
and Mycenaean

Unit 1:
Coming of Civilization (10 Hours)
The idea of civilization – Biological evolution of human species – cultural evolution of human species
– The notions of Neolithic Revolution and Urban Revolution
Unit 2:
The Civilization of Ancient Mesopotamia (15 Hours)
The geographical setting – origin of Mesopotamian civilization: agricultural transformation and
Neolithic settlements – Urban Developments in Mesopotamia during the Uruk period (3300-3100
BCE) and the Jemdet Nasr period (3100-2800 BCE) – The Sumerian problem and their origin – The
Sumerian pantheon – Appearance of temples: construction of ziggurats – Early Mesopotamian king
lists and dynastic lists – The Story of Gilgamesh – The Sumerian city-states – Class and gender in
Mesopotamian society - Sargon of Akkad: His careers and achievements – The Akkadian Empire and
its impact – The Third Dynasty of Ur – The Babylonian Empire and Hammurabi – The Code of
Hammurabi.

Unit 3:
The Civilization of Ancient Egypt (10 Hours)
Formation of the Old Kingdom (3100 BCE-2800 BCE) in Egypt – Beginning of dynastic history – An
outline of the history of the old kingdom: The first eight dynasties – The role of early Egyptian rulers
– Socio-economic and religious life of ancient Egypt – The funerary rites and pyramids.
Unit 4:
The Civilization of Bronze Age Greece: Aegean and Mycenaean (10)
Geographical background of the Aegean civilization- the principal sites. Development of their material
culture throwing light on their socio- economic- religious life-funerary customs- script, etc. The

Page 21 of 91
 maritime activities of the Aegean people - Mycenaean Civilization (c.1600 BCE- 1100 BCE)
Geographical background of the Mainland Greece Growth of the Mycenaean Civilization in Late
Helladic at mainland Greece-The principal sites- their social structure- economy- appearance of
writing - Religion and funerary Customs.

Reading list:
Adams, Robert M, Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico: The Evolution of Human Society,
Chicago, 1966.
Aldred, Cyril, The Egyptians, London and New York, 1991.
Asimov, Isaac, The Egyptians, Houghton Miffin, 1967.
Asimov, Isaac, Misharer Itihas, Dhaka, 2016.
Bury, J.B. and Meiggs, Russell, The History of Greece, London, 1985.
Childe, Gordon, Man Makes Himself, Nottingham, 2012.
Childe, Gordon, What Happened in History, Delhi, 2016.
Fagan, Brian M, The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Oxford, 1996.
Fagan, Brian M., People of the Earth: An Introduction to World Prehistory, London, 2013.
Farooqui, Amar, Early Social Formations, Delhi, 2021.
Grimal, Nicholas, A History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford, 1992.
King, Leonard O., A History of Sumer and Akkad, New York, 1968.
Kramer, Samuel Noel, The Sumerians: Their History, Character, Culture, Chicago, 1963.
Liverani, M., ed., Akkad: The First World Empire, Padua, 1993.
O’Connor, David, A Short History of Ancient Egypt, Pittsburgh, 1990.
Pollock, Susan, Ancient Mesopotamia, Cambridge, 1999.
Postgate, N., Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History, London, 1992.
Roux, Georges, Ancient Iraq, London, 1992.
Scarre, Christopher and Fagan, Brian M., Ancient Civilizations, New York, 1997.
Trigger, B., Ancient Egypt: A Social History, Cambridge, 1983.
Suggested readings
Allagze, Guillermo, The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Expansion of Early Mesopotamian
Civilization, Chicago, 1993.
Andrews, Carol, Egyptian Mummies, London, 1990.
Edwards, I.E.S., The Pyramids of Egypt, Harmondsworth, 1985
Fagan, Brian M., The Rape of the Nile, Providence, 1992.

Page 22 of 91
 Rundleclark, R.T., Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt, London and New York, 1959.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/MI/102 Ancient World Civilization: An Minor Course-2 3 -0 – 0 3 50

outline

Unit 1:
Coming of Civilization (10 Hours)
The idea of civilization – Biological evolution of human species – cultural evolution of human species
– The notions of Neolithic Revolution and Urban Revolution
Unit 2:
The Civilization of Ancient Mesopotamia (15 Hours)
The geographical setting – origin of Mesopotamian civilization: agricultural transformation and
Neolithic settlements – Urban Developments in Mesopotamia during the Uruk period (3300-3100
BCE) and the Jemdet Nasr period (3100-2800 BCE) – The Sumerian problem and their origin – The
Sumerian pantheon – Appearance of temples: construction of ziggurats – Early Mesopotamian king
lists and dynastic lists – The Story of Gilgamesh – The Sumerian city-states – Class and gender in
Mesopotamian society – Sargon of Akkad: His careers and achievements – The Akkadian Empire and
its impact – The Third Dynasty of Ur – The Babylonian Empire and Hammurabi – The Code of
Hammurabi.

Unit 3:
The Civilization of Ancient Egypt (10 Hours)
Formation of the Old Kingdom (3100 BCE-2800 BCE) in Egypt – Beginning of dynastic history – An
outline of the history of the old kingdom: The first eight dynasties – The role of early Egyptian rulers
– Socio-economic and religious life of ancient Egypt – The funerary rites and pyramids.
Unit 4:
The Civilization of Bronze Age Greece: Aegean and Mycenaean (10)
Geographical background of the Aegean civilization- the principal sites. Development of their material
culture throwing light on their socio- economic- religious life-funerary customs- script, etc. The
maritime activities of the Aegean people – Mycenaean Civilization (c.1600 BCE- 1100 BCE)
Geographical background of the Mainland Greece Growth of the Mycenaean Civilization in Late
Helladic at mainland Greece-The principal sites- their social structure- economy- appearance of
writing – Religion and funerary Customs.

Reading list:
Adams, Robert M, Early Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mexico: The Evolution of Human Society,
Chicago, 1966.
Page 23 of 91
 Aldred, Cyril, The Egyptians, London and New York, 1991.
Asimov, Isaac, The Egyptians, Houghton Miffin, 1967.
Asimov, Isaac, Misharer Itihas, Dhaka, 2016.
Bury, J.B. and Meiggs, Russell, The History of Greece, London, 1985.
Childe, Gordon, Man Makes Himself, Nottingham, 2012.
Childe, Gordon, What Happened in History, Delhi, 2016.
Fagan, Brian M, The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Oxford, 1996.
Fagan, Brian M., People of the Earth: An Introduction to World Prehistory, London, 2013.
Farooqui, Amar, Early Social Formations, Delhi, 2021.
Grimal, Nicholas, A History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford, 1992.
King, Leonard O., A History of Sumer and Akkad, New York, 1968.
Kramer, Samuel Noel, The Sumerians: Their History, Character, Culture, Chicago, 1963.
Liverani, M., ed., Akkad: The First World Empire, Padua, 1993.
O’Connor, David, A Short History of Ancient Egypt, Pittsburgh, 1990.
Pollock, Susan, Ancient Mesopotamia, Cambridge, 1999.
Postgate, N., Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History, London, 1992.
Roux, Georges, Ancient Iraq, London, 1992.
Scarre, Christopher and Fagan, Brian M., Ancient Civilizations, New York, 1997.
Trigger, B., Ancient Egypt: A Social History, Cambridge, 1983.
Suggested readings
Allagze, Guillermo, The Uruk World System: The Dynamics of Expansion of Early Mesopotamian
Civilization, Chicago, 1993.
Andrews, Carol, Egyptian Mummies, London, 1990.
Edwards, I.E.S., The Pyramids of Egypt, Harmondsworth, 1985
Fagan, Brian M., The Rape of the Nile, Providence, 1992.
Rundleclark, R.T., Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt, London and New York, 1959.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/SE/102 Introduction to Early Indian Epigraphic Skill 3 -0 – 0 3 50

and Numismatic Studies Enhancement
Course-2
Unit-1 (15 hours)

Page 24 of 91
 Introduction to Indian Epigraphy
Meaning and Scope, Types, Materials, Language
The Brahmi Script and its derivatives
The Kharosti Script-an overview.
Hands on- Training in documenting epigraphic records.
Unit- 2 10 (hours)
Asokan inscriptions- an overview.
Maski rock edict.
Post- Asokan Prakrit inscriptions- Mahasthan Stone plaque inscription, Besnagar Pillar Inscription of
Heliodorus, Hathigumpha Inscription.
Sanskrit inscription (Prasasti)- Junargarh inscription of Rudradaman, Allahabad Pillar inscription of
Samudragupta, Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin II.
Copperplate inscriptions- Medinipur copperplates of Sasanka, Banskhera Inscription of Harsha,
Khalimpur copperplate of Dharmapala, Jagjivanpur copperplate of Mahendrapala, Uttaramerur
Inscription of Paranta II.
Unit- 3 (8 hours)
Introduction to Indian Numismatics- Scope and Terminologies.
Origin of metal money in world context- Origin and antiquity of coins in India – techniques of minting
coins: punch-marked, cast, die-struck.
Documentation and Cataloging of coins.

Unit-4 (12 hours)

Ancient Indian Coinage- Punch marked Coins- Uninscribed Cast Copper coins
Indo- Greek coins with special reference to Agathocles and Menander.
Tribal coins
Kushana Coins with special reference to the coins of Kanishka.
Satavahana coins with special reference to the coins of Gautamiputra Satakarni.
Gupta Coins with special reference to the coins of Kumaragupta I

Reading List:
Epigraphy-
Buhler, Georg. 2004. Indian Palaeography. Delhi (reprint)
Barua, B.M. 1943. Inscriptions of Asoka, Pt.II, Calcutta.

Page 25 of 91
 -------------1946. Asoka and His Inscriptions, Calcutta.
Basak,R.G. (ed.by), 1959. Asokan Inscriptions, Calcutta.
Dani, A.H. 1963. Indian Palaeography, Delhi.
Diringer, David, 1953. The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind, New York.
Maity, S.K. 1967. Corpus of Bengal Inscriptions, Calcutta.
Majumdar, N.G. 1929. Inscriptions of Bengal, Vol.III, Rajshahi.
Parpola, Asko. 1994. Deciphering the Indus Script. Cambridge.
Saloman, Richard. 1998. Indian Epigraphy. A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit
and the other Indo- European Languages, New York.
Sircar, D.C. 1942. Select Inscriptions bearing on Indian History and Civilizations, Vol.I, Calcutta.
--------------1983. Select Inscriptions bearing on Indian History and Civilizations, Vol.II (From the
sixth to the eighteenth Century A.D.), Delhi.
Epigraphia Indica (Relevant Vols.)
Coins-
Allan, J. Catalogue of the Coins in the British Museum, Ancient India,London, 1914.
Altekar, A.S. Coinage of the Gupta Empire,Varanasi, 1957.
Bopearachchi, O. Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian and Indo-Parthian Coins in the Smithsonian Institution,
Washington,1993.
Chattopadhyay.B.D, Coins and Currency Sustem in South India, New Delhi,1977.
Chatterjee, B.The Age of the Kushanas- A Numismatic Study,Calcutta,1967.
Dasgupta, K.K. A Tribal History of India-A Numismatic Approach, Calcutta,1975.
Elliot,W, Coins of Southern India. London,1985-86
Gardner, P., Catalogue of Indian Coins in the British Museum, The Coins of the Greek and Scythic
Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum, London,1886.
Gupta, P.L. Coins, New Delhi, 1969.
Kosambi, D.D, Indian Numismatics, New Delhi,1981.
Lahiri, A.N., Corpus of Indo-Greek Coins, Calcutta, 1965.
Mukherjee, B.N., The Kushana Coins of the Land of Five Rivers, Calcutta, 1978.
-------------------.Technology of Early Indian Coinage, Calcutta, 1991.
Narain, A.K. Indo-Greeks, Oxford, 1957.
Rapson, E.J. Catalogue of the Coins of the Andhra Dynasty, the Western Kshatrapas, etc. in the
British Museum, London, 1908.
Sahni, B., The Technique of Casting Coins in Ancient India, Bombay, 1945.
Page 26 of 91
 Sharan, M.K., Tribal Coins, Delhi, 1972.
Shastri, A.M., Satavahana Coins and Coins from Excavations, Nagpur, 1972.
Sircar, D.C., Studies in Indian Coins, Delhi, 1968.
Whitehead, R.B., Catalogue of Coins in the Punjab Museum, Lahore, Vol.I-Indo-Greeks Coins,
Oxford, 1914.

mUlTidiSCiplinary: hiSTory
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGHI/MD/102 Study of Indian People: An Multidisciplinary 3 -0 - 0 3 50

Anthropological Approach Course-2

Unit -1 (12 hours)

Meaning and Scope of Anthropology; Role of Anthropology in the Reconstruction of Cultural Past; A
Brief History of Indian Anthropological Thought; Eminent Anthropologists in India (S.C. Roy, N.K.
Bose, D.N. Majumdar, etc.) and their Contributions in Reconstructing Socio-Cultural Past of Indian
People.
Indian people: Ancient Literary Sources: Classical Accounts, Puranas, and Travelogues
Unit – 2 (9 hours)
Human Evolution
Concept and Genetic Basis of Race;
Ethnic Groups and Racial Classification of Indian Human Population
Unit – 3 (12 hours)
Evolution of Social Stratification and the State: the Non-Rank, Non-Stratified Society, the Rank
Society; from Egalitarian to Rank Society; the Stratified Society; the Transition to Stratified Society;
the Transition to State.
Anthropological Concept of Tribe, Definition and Characteristic Features of Tribes in India, Social
Structure, Aspects of Tribal Economy, Political Organization and Religion; the Concept of Peasantry,
Distinction between Tribes and Peasants; Rise of Tribal and Peasant Movements and Ethnic Issues.
Unit – 4 (12 hours)
Caste System and Its Structure: Ritual, Economic and Social Aspects of Caste. Relevance of Caste in
Indian Social Structure, Changes in the Caste System.
Social Structure and Organization: the Concept of Family, Marriage, Kinship; Basic Issues of
Economic, Political Organization, and Religious Organization.

Page 27 of 91
Reading List:
Barnard, Alan. 2000. History and Theory in Anthropology. Cambridge, U.K.
Bhattacharya, D.K. 2008.N.K. Bose and Indian Archaeology.Indian Anthropologist 38/2: 19-28.1961.
The Structure of Hindu Society, New Delhi.
1967. Culture and Society in India, Bombay.
Carsten, Janet. 2004. After Kinship. New Departures in Anthropology, Cambridge, UK.
Cela-Conde, Camilo J. and Francisco J. Ayala 2007.Human Evolution: Trails from the Past,
Oxford.
Cohn, Bernard 1971. India: The Social Anthropology of a Civilization. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Dirks
Nicholas B. 2001.Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India,Delhi. Evans-
Pritchard, Edward 1981. A History of Anthropological Thought (edited by Andre Singer and
Introduction by Ernest Gellner), New York.
Furer-Haimendorf, Christoph Von. 1985. Tribal Populations and Cultures of the Indian
Subcontinent, Leiden, Koln
Gupta, Dipankar ed. 1997.Social Stratification. New Delhi.
Harris, Christopher 1990. Kinship.Concepts in Social Thought, Minneapolis. Karve, Irawati 1961.
Hindu Society: An Interpretation, Poona
1968. Kinship organization in India, London.
Kennedy, K.A.R. 1975. The Physical Anthropology of the Megalithic-Builders of South India andSri
Lanka, Canberra
1976. Human Variation in Space and Time, Dubuque.
1992. The Fossil Hominid Skull from the Narmada Valley: Homo Erectus or Homo Sapiens? In,
C. Jarrige ed. South Asian Archaeology 1989, pp. 145-52. Madison.
Larsen, Clark Spencer, Robert M. Matter, and Daniel L. Gebo 1998.Human Origins: The Fossil
Record, Prospect Heights, Illinois.
Leaf, Murray J., and Bernard Grant Campbell. 1974. Frontiers of Anthropology: An Introductionto
Anthropological Thinking, New York.
Lopez, Donald S. ed. 1995. Religions of India in Practice, Princeton, N.J.
Mandelbaum, D.G. 1970. Society in India, Volume I: Continuity and Change, Volume II: Changeand
Continuity, Berkeley.
McKee, Jeffrey K., Frank E. Poirier, W. Scott McGraw 2005. Understanding Human Evolution,New
Jersey.
Metcalf, Peter 2005. Anthropology: The Basics, Abingdon, Oxon and New York. Miri, Mrinal ed.
1993.Continuity and change in tribal society, Shimla
Monaghan, John and Peter Just 2000. Social and Cultural Anthropology: A Very ShortIntroduction,
Oxford.

Page 28 of 91
 Oppenheimer, Franz 1914. The State: Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically, NewYork.
Petraglia, Michael D. and Bridget Allchin eds. 2007.The Evolution and History of HumanPopulations
in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology,
Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics, Dordrecht.
Rapport, Nigel and Joanna Overing 2006.Social and Cultural Anthropology: The Key Concepts,
London and New York.
Sahay, V.S. and P. K. Singh 2001.Indian Anthropology, Allahabad.Sarkar, S.S. 1954. The Aboriginal
Races of India, Calcutta.
Singh, K.S. 1982, 1983. Tribal Movements in India, Volumes I and II, New Delhi. Thapar, Romila
1978. Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations, New Delhi
Thapliyal, U.P. 1979. Foreign Elements in Ancient Indian Society, 2nd Century BC to 7th CenturyAD,
New Delhi.
Turnbaugh, William, Robert Jurmain, Harry Nelson, Lynn Kilgore 2002.Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology, Belmont, C.A.
Upadhyay, Vijay S. and Gaya Pandey. 1993. History of Anthropological Thought,New Delhi.
Vidyarthi, L.P. and Binay Kumar Rai 1976.The Tribal Culture of India, New Delhi.Wittfogel, Karl A.
1957. Oriental Despotism, New Haven.
Xaxa, Virginius 2008.State, Society, and Tribes: Issues in Post Colonial India, Delhi.

arChaeology
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGAR/MD/102 Understanding Archaeological Sites Multidisciplinary 3 -0 - 0 3 50

Course-2

Unit-I (5 hours)
Definition of Archaeological Sites/Tell /Mound, Site formation process.
Site Catchment Analysis.
Unit-II (5 hours)
A BRIEF OUTLINE OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Pre-historic archaeological site
Proto-historic archaeological site
Early historic archaeological site
Early Medieval archaeological site
Medieval archaeological sites
Colonial archaeological site

Page 29 of 91
Unit-III. (5 hours)
a. TYPOLOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE

Village site
Urban site
Religious site (temple/monastic site)
Port-city
Burial site
Military camp
b. METHODOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

Unit- IV (30 hours)

CASE STUDY
Sohan Hunsgi, Bagor Bhimbetka
Harappa , Mahenjodaro , Lothal, kalibongan Dholavira
Ahar, Daimabad, Pandurajar dhibi, Chirand
Sravasti, Ahichatra, Kousambi, Hastinapur Sarnath Bangarh,Chandraketugarh,,Arikamedu,
Nagarjunikonda, Amaravati Rajghat, Kumrahar.Rajgir Sisupalgarh
Telkupi, Karnasuvarna, Jagjibanpur, Ratnagiri, Lalitgiri, Udaygiri , Nalanda Antichak
(Vikramsila)
Maski and Brahmagiri
Fatepur Sikri
Kolkata, Chandennagar and Puducheri

Reading list:
Ghosh, A, 1989, An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology (vol 1-2)
Chakrabarti, Dilip K, 2006, Archaeological Geography of Ganga Plain: Upper Ganga.
………..Archaeological Geography of Ganga Plain: The Lower and Middle Ganga.
Chattopadhyay, B D, 1994, The Making of Early Medieval India.
Mehta, R N, 1979, Medieval Archaeology.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

Page 30 of 91
 UGEL/AE/102 English Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-2
• This course has been offered by the Department of English, SCU.
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGSL/AE/102 Sanskrit Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-2
• This course has been offered by the Department of Sanskrit, SCU.
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGBL/AE/102 Bengali Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-2
• This course has been offered by the Department of Bengali, SCU.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGUI/VA/103AI Understanding India: Past and the Value Added Course-3 2 -0 - 0 2 50

Present
* This course has been
offered by the AIWH
Department

Unit 1
Indian pedagogy: The premodern world (10 credits)
a. The Brahmanical System of Education: The Vedic learning; Upanishads; Six systems of astika philosophy;
technical treatises – Kautilya, Manu, Vatsyayana, and Bharata; Education and society: varna-jati and
gender.
b. The heterodox knowledge systems: atheism and materialism in early India; Buddhism and Jainism; Nalanda
as seen by Xuanzang.
c. Intellectual and religious trends in the Sultani and Mughal courts.

Unit 2
Modernity and Indian Education: Case Studies from Bengal (8 credits)
a. The Orientalist-Anglicist Debate; Rammohun Roy and Macaulay; Wood’s Dispatch
b. Bengal as a centre of educational reforms: Derozio and the Hindu College; Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar and
the Sanskrit College; Rabindranath Tagore and Visvabharati
c. Women’s education in Bengal; Begum Rokeya and the education of Bengali Muslim Women

Unit 3
Major trends in the Freedom Movement: Thoughts and Practices (8 credits)
a. The various trends of the Swadeshi Movement: Moderate, Constructive, Extremist, and Revolutionary.
b. Understanding Gandhi: Philosophy and Movements.
c. Indian Nationalism and the Subaltern: Ranajit Guha and Indian Historiography
d. Indian Nationalism and the Dalits: Reading B.R. Ambedkar
e. Jawaharlal Nehru and the vision of a secular democracy

Page 31 of 91
Unit 4
Understanding the Indian Constitution (4 credits)
The Preamble and some key concepts – fundamental rights – directive principles – fundamental duties

Reading list
Altekar, A.S., Education in Ancient India, Michigan, 1934.
Ambedkar, B.R., Annihilation of Caste, London, 2005.
Austin, Granville, The Indian Constitution, Oxford, 1999.
Basham, A.L., The Wonder that was India, Vol. 1, Picador, 2004.
Bhadra, Goutam and Chatterjee, Partha, eds., Nimnabarger Itihas, Kolkata, 2016.
Bhattacharya, Sukumari, Vede Samshay o Nastikya, Kolkata, 2000.
Brothwick, Meredith, The Changing Role of Women in Bengal, Princeton, 2015.
Chakraborty, Uttara, and Chattopadhyay, Kumkum, eds., In the Footsteps of Chandramukhi, Kolkata, 2019.
Chandra, Bipan, Mukherjee, Mridula, and Mukherjee, Aditya, India Since Independence, Penguin, 2008.
Chattopadhyaya, D.P., Lokayata, Delhi, 1959.
Chattopadhyaya, D.P., Indian Atheism, Delhi, 1969.
Crocker, Walter, Nehru: A Contemporary’s Estimate, Penguin, 2008.
Dasgupta, Uma, ed., The Oxford India Tagore, Delhi, 2009.
Devahuti, D.V., The Unknown Hsuan-Tsang, Delhi, 2001.
Forbes, Geraldine, Women in Modern India, Cambridge, 1995.
Gandhi, M.K., Hind Swaraj and other Writings, Cambridge, 1997.
Ghosh, Binoy, Bidrohi Derozio, Kolkata, 2021 (reprint).
Guha, Ramachandra, Makers of Modern India, Penguin, 2012.
Guha, Ramachandra, India after Gandhi, Picador, 2007.
Guha, Ranajit, The Small Voices of History, Ranikhet, 2009.
Guha, Ranajit, ed., The Subaltern Studies Reader, Minneapolis, 1997.
Hatcher, Brian, Vidyasagar: The Life and Afterlife of an Eminent Indian, Routledge, 2014.
Hossain, Begum Rokeya Shakhawat, Sultana’s Dream, Chennai, 2005.
Kopf, David, The British Orientalism and the Indian Renaissance, Kolkata, 1969.
Mookerji, R.K., Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist, Delhi, 1989.
Nehru, Jawaharlal, The Discovery of India, Penguin, 2008.

Rizvi, S.A.A., Religious and Intellectual History of the Muslims in Akbar’s Reign, New Delhi, 1995.
Rizvi, S.A.A., The Wonder that was India, Vol. II, Picador, 2005.
Page 32 of 91
 Rodrigues, Valerian, ed., The Essential Writings of B.R. Ambedkar, Oxford, 2004.
Sarkar, Sumit, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, Delhi, 1973.
Singh, Upinder, The History of Ancient and Early Medieval India, Delhi, 2008.
Tripathi, Amales, Vidyasagar: The Traditional Moderniser, Hyderabad, 1979.
Truschke, Audrey, Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court, Penguin, 2016.
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGHW/VA/104 Health and Wellness Value added 2 2 50
Course-4
• To be offered Centrally.

SemeSTer-iii

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credits Marks

AIWH/CC/201 Political History of Early India from Core course-3 3 -1-0 4 50

1500 BCE to c. 200 BCE

Unit – 1 (10 hours)

Sources and their interpretation: Nature of sources of ancient Indian history; Classification of both
literary and archaeological sources: Vedic and Dharmashastra Literature; Buddhist and Jaina
Literature; Tamil literature; Biographical literature; Literature of itihasa-purana tradition: Ramayana,
Mahabharata, Puranas; Account of foreign travelers; Material Remains and other archaeological
sources; Inscriptions, coins, art and architectural remains, etc.
Historiography, Concepts and Methods.
Unit-2 (15 hours)
The Aryans and the Vedic Corpus (c.1500 BCE–c.500 BCE)
The study of the Aryan Problem: Historiography, The Vedic text and their chronology. The Vedic
Aryans - Geographical spread of settlements - Political situation- Archaeological cultures beyond the
Vedic milieu- Black and Red Ware and Painted Grey Ware.

Unit- 3 (10 hours)

Transition from Chiefdom to Kingdom: (c. 500 BCE- c.400 BCE)
State formation in Northern India- The Socio-political backdrop - Emergence of the sixteen
Mahajanapadas-The Ganasangha tradition: understanding an Alternative Political System- the Pre-
eminence of Magadha.

Unit-4 (10 hours)

Page 33 of 91
 Mauryan India (c.324 - 187 BCE)
Exploring an Imperial Structure- Nature and extent of the Mauryan Empire-
Asoka’s Dhamma - Administrative organization of the Mauryas- Decline of the Empire.

Reading List:
Altekar, A.S., 1949. State and Government in Ancient India, Banaras.
Bryant, E., 2001. The Quest of the Origins of the Vedic Culture, the Indo-Aryan Migration Debate,
New York.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K.and Makkhan Lal, eds. 2014. Ancient India Series,
Vol. 3: The Texts, Political History, and Administration (till c. 200 BCE), New Delhi.Chakravarti,
Ranabir. 2007. Bharat Itihaser Adi Parba, Kolkata.
Chakravarti, Ranabir, 2013. Exploring Early India Up to c. AD 1300, New Delhi.
Erdosy, G., ed. 1997. The Indo- Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and
Ethnicity. 1st Indian Edition, Delhi.
Kosambi, D.D. 1956. An Introduction to the Study of Indian History, Poona.
Kosamni, D.D., 2002. Combined Methods in Indology and other Writings, compiled, edited and
introduced by B.D.Chattopadhyaya. New Delhi.
Lahiri, N. 2015. Ashoka in Ancient India. New Delhi.
Majumdar, R.C., ed. 1951. The Vedic Age (Vosl. 1-2), Bombay.
Mukherjee, B.N. 1984. Studies in the Aramaic Edicts of Asoka, Calcutta.
Nath, Pratyay, and Sengupta, Kaustabh Mani, eds., 2022. Itihaser Bitarka, Bitarker Itihas, Kolkata.
Raychaudhuri, H.C. 1997. Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit tothe
Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty, revised edition with a commentary by B.N. Mukherjee, Delhi.
Roy, Kumkum. 1994. The Emergence of Monarchy in North India, Delhi.
Sharma, R.S. 1968. Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, 2nd edition, revised and
enlarged, Delhi.
-------1995. Looking for the Aryans, Hyderabad.
----2009. Rethinking India’s Past, New Delhi.
Singh, Upinder. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th
Century, Delhi.
Thapar, Romila. 2002, Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300.
------1984. From Lineage to State: Social Formations in the Mid - First Millennium BC in the Ganga
Valley, New Delhi.
------ Ed. 1986. Situating Indian History, Delhi.
-----------1987. The Mauryas Revisited, Calcutta.

Page 34 of 91
 ----------- 2012. Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Delhi.
Thapar, Romila, 2019. et. al., Who Among Us are the Aryans, Delhi.
Truautmann, Thomas R., ed., 2007. The Aryan Debate, Delhi.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/202 Political History of Early India from c. Core course-4 3 -1- 0 4 50

200 BCE- 550 CE

Unit-1 (10 hours)

Post- Mauryan India: Changing perception of the Post- Mauryan period- rise of regional power centres-
Shungas and Kanavas- Central Asian intervention in north Indian Politics focusing on the Indo-Greeks
and the Kushanas- Kushana Polity.

Unit-2 (10 hours)

The Satavahanas and their struggle with the Saka Kshatrapas of Western India- the Satavahana Polity
- Kings and chieftains – the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas- Sangam literature and archaeological
evidence.

Unit- 3 (20 hours)

The Age of the Guptas- Historical situation of India in 300 CE- Emergence of the Gupta empire- the
empire in its mature form- Political achievements of the rulers- disintegration of the empire-
Administrative structure of the empire with special reference to Bengal- Notion of Classical age and
Threshold times.

Unit- 4 (5 hours)
An Introduction to the contemporary dynasties like the Vakatakas, the Kadambas.

Reading List:
Agrawal, Ashwini, 1989, Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas, Delhi.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. and Makkhan Lal eds. 2014. Ancient India Series, Vol. 4: Political History and
Administration (c. 200 BC- AD 750) New Delhi.
Chakrabarti, Kunal and Sinha, Kanad. Eds. 2018. State, Power and Legitimacy: The Gupta Kingdom,
Delhi.
Chakravarti, Ranabir. 2007. Bharat Itihaser Adi Parva, 2013.
Page 35 of 91
 Chakravarti, Ranabir, Exploring Early India Up to c. AD 1300, New Delhi.
Goyal, S.R. 2005. The Imperial Guptas: A Multidisciplinary Political Study, Jodhpur.
Gurukkal, Rajan, Social Formations of Early South India, Delhi, 2010.
Karashima, Noboru, ed., A Concise History of South India, Delhi, 2014.
Lahiri, B. Indigenous States of Northern India (circa 200 BC to AD 320), Calcutta, 1974.
Majumdar, R.C. and Altekar, A.S., eds., 2006, The Vakataka-Gupta Age, Delhi.
Majumdar, R.C., ed., 1997. The History and Culture of the Indian People (Vol. III), Mumbai.
Mukherjee, B.N. 1988. The Rise and Fall of the Kushana Empire, Calcutta.
Mukherjee, B.N., 2004. Kushana Studies; New Perspectives, Calcutta.
Nath, Pratyay and Sengupta, Kaustabh Mani, 2022. Itihaser Bitarka Bitarker Itihas, Kolkata.
Parasher-Sen, Aloka, Settlement and Local Histories of the Early Deccan, Delhi, 2020.
Raychaudhuri, H.C. 1997. Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the
Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty, revised edition with a commentary by B.N. Mukherjee, Delhi.
Sastri, K.A. Nilkantha. 1975. A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of
Vijayanagar, Madras.
Shastri, Ajay Mitra ed. 1999. The Age of the Satavahanas. Great Ages of Indian History, 2 Vols, New
Delhi.
Shastri, Ajay Mitra, The Satavahanas and the Western Kshatrapas, Nagpur, 1998.
Singh, Upinder. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th
Century, Delhi.
Thapar, Romila. 2002 Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/MI/201 Political History of Ancient India Minor Course-3 3 -0 - 0 3 50

Unit-I (15 hours)

The Vedic Corpus (c.1500 BCE–c.500 BCE)
Political situation of the Vedic period
Transition from Chiefdom to Kingdom: (c. 500 BCE- c.400 BCE)
State formation in Northern India- The Socio-political backdrop - Emergence of the sixteen
Mahajanapadas-The Ganasangha tradition: understanding an Alternative Political System- the Pre-
eminence of Magadha.
Unit-II (10 hours)

Page 36 of 91
 Mauryan India (c.324 - 187 BCE)
Exploring an Imperial Structure- Nature and extent of the Mauryan Empire-
Asoka’s Dhamma - Administrative organization of the Mauryas- Decline of the Empire.
Unit-III (10 hours)
Post- Mauryan period- an overview
The Satavahana polity and their struggle with the Saka Kshatapas of Western India.
Unit-IV (10 hours)
The Age of the Guptas- Historical situation of India in 300 CE- Emergence of the Gupta empire- the
empire in its mature form- Political achievements of the rulers.

Reading List:
Agrawal, Ashwini, 1989, Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas, Delhi.
Altekar, A.S., 1949. State and Government in Ancient India, Banaras.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. and Makkhan Lal eds. 2014. Ancient India Series, Vol. 4: Political History and
Administration (c. 200 BC- AD 750) New Delhi.
Chakrabarti, Dilip K.and Makkhan Lal, eds. 2014. Ancient India Series. Vol. 3: The Texts, Political
History, and Administration (till c. 200 BCE), New Delhi.
Chakrabarti, Kunal and Sinha, Kanad. Eds. 2018. State, Power and Legitimacy: The Gupta Kingdom,
Delhi.
Chakravarti, Ranabir, 2013. Exploring Early India Up to c. AD 1300, New Delhi.
Chakravarti, Ranabir. 2007. Bharat Itihaser Adi Parba, Kolkata.
Goyal, S.R. 2005. The Imperial Guptas: A Multidisciplinary Political Study, Jodhpur.
Karashima, Noboru, ed., 2014. A Concise History of South India, Delhi.
Kosambi, D.D. 1956. An Introduction to the Study of Indian History, Poona.
Kosamni, D.D., 2002. Combined Methods in Indology and other Writings, compiled, edited and
introduced by B.D.Chattopadhyaya. New Delhi.
Lahiri, N. 2015. Ashoka in Ancient India. New Delhi.
Majumdar, R.C. and Altekar, A.S., eds., 2006, The Vakataka-Gupta Age, Delhi.
Majumdar, R.C., ed. 1951. The Vedic Age (Vols. 1-2), Bombay.
Majumdar, R.C., ed., 1997. The History and Culture of the Indian People (Vol. III), Mumbai.
Mukherjee, B.N. 1984. Studies in the Aramaic Edicts of Asoka, Calcutta.
Mukherjee, B.N. 1988. The Rise and Fall of the Kushana Empire, Calcutta.
Mukherjee, B.N., 2004. Kushana Studies; New Perspectives, Calcutta.
Nath, Pratyay and Sengupta, Kaustabh Mani, 2022. Itihaser Bitarka Bitarker Itihas, Kolkata.

Page 37 of 91
 Raychaudhuri, H.C. 1997. Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit tothe
Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty, revised edition with a commentary by B.N. Mukherjee, Delhi.
Roy, Kumkum. 1994. The Emergence of Monarchy in North India, Delhi.
Sastri, K.A. Nilkantha. 1975. A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of
Vijayanagar, Madras.
Sharma, R.S. 1968. Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, 2nd edition, revised and
enlarged, Delhi.
Shastri, Ajay Mitra ed. 1999. The Age of the Satavahanas. Great Ages of Indian History, 2 Vols, New
Delhi.
Shastri, Ajay Mitra, The Satavahanas and the Western Kshatrapas, Nagpur, 1998.
Singh, Upinder. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th
Century, Delhi.
Thapar, Romila, 1984. From Lineage to State: Social Formations in the Mid - First Millennium BC in
the GangaValley, New Delhi.
Thapar, Romila,1987. The Mauryas Revisited, Calcutta.
Thapar, Romila. 2002, Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300.
Thpar, Romila, 2012. Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Delhi.
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/SE/103 Museology Skill Enhancement 3 -0 - 0 3 50

Course-3

Unit 1: (12 hours)

Museum—Meaning, Definition, Scope & Function
Definition of Museum
Aims and Objectives
Museology, Museography and Other Developments
Types and Classification of Museums
History of Museum development in India and Abroad
Collection Methodologies in Museums
Documentation of Museum Objects
Presentation (Exhibition)- exhibition design
Museum Education
Research and Publication

Unit II: (8 hours)

Laws governing cultural property:
The Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878
The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958

Page 38 of 91
 The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972
Wild Life Protection Act, 1972
The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

Unit 3: (20 hours)

General Principles of Conservation:

Definition of Conservation, Preservation & Restoration

Preventive and Curative Measures (Object specific)
Chemical Preservation of Antiquities- Basic Chemistry and Causes of Decay
Metallic Antiquities (Gold, Silver, Copper, Bronze, Lead, Iron): a) Ores, Source of Origin and
Metallurgy, b) Causes of Decay and Corrosion, c) Consolidation and Treatment in the Field, d)
Laboratory Treatment, Preservation and General Maintenance.
Organic Antiquities (Ivory, Bone, Horn, Leather, Parchment, Furs, Paper, Birch Bark, Palm Leaf,
Wood, and Textile)- a) Material and Its Composition b) Causes of Decay, c) Treatment in Field and
Laboratory, d) Fumigation, Bleeding, Strengthening, Drying and Lamination, d) Consolidation,
Repairs and General Maintenance.
Siliceous, Calcareous and Argillaceous Antiquities (Stone, Semi-Precious Stone, Mineral, Mud,
Terracotta, Pottery, Glass, Glaze, Faience, Stucco): a) Chemical Composition, b) Causes of Decay, c)
Treatment in Field and Laboratory, d) Consolidation and Repair.
Paintings: Factors – Material Structure and Pigments, Causes of Decay, Treatment, Consolidation,
Restoration, Repair and General Maintenance (Mural Paintings, Oil Paintings, Miniature Paper
Paintings and Manuscripts, Paintings on Cloth, Glass, Wood, Ivory and Leather).

Unit IV: (5 hours)

Museum Management:
Museum Building- form and function
Museum Administrative Procedures
Museum Building Security- management & maintenance

Reading List:
Agrawal, Usha 2009. Directory of Museums in India, New Delhi.
Alexander E.P. 1979 Museums in Motion: An Introduction to the History and Function of Museums,
Nashville.
Ambrose, Timothy and Crispine Paine 1993.Museum Basics, Abingdon, Oxon, and New York.
Basham, A.L. ed. 2007.The Illustrated Cultural History of India, New Delhi.
Basu, J.N. 1965. Indian Museum Movement, Calcutta.
Baxi, Smita J. and Vinod P. Dwivedi 1973. Modern Museum: Organization and Practice in India, New
Delhi.
Bhatnagar, Anupama 1999. Museum, Museology and New Museology, New Delhi.
Buys, Susan and Victoria Oakley 1993.The Conservation and Restoration of Ceramics, London.
Dean, D. 1996. Museum Exhibition: Theory and Practice, London and New York.
Dhawan Shashi ed. 1996.Recent Trends in Conservation of Art Heritage (Dr. O.P. Agrawal Felicitation
Volume), New Delhi.
Dwivedi, V.P. and G.N. Pant eds. 1980. Museums and Museology: New Horizons, essays in honour of
Dr. Grace Morley on her 80th birthday, Delhi.
Page 39 of 91
 Florian, Mary-Lou E., Dale Paul Kronkright, and Ruth E. Norton 1990. The Conservation of Artifacts
Made from Plant Materials, Los Angeles.
Ghose, Arun 1989. Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Delhi.
Ghosh, D.P. 1968. Studies in Museum and Museology in India, Calcutta.
Gilman, Benjamin Ives 1918. Museums Ideals of Purpose and Method, Cambridge.
Kamlakar G. and V.P. Rao eds. 1995.Conservation, Preservation and Restoration: Traditions, Trends
and Techniques, Hyderabad.
Kuhn, Hermann 1986. Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art and Antiquities, translated by
Alexandra Trone, London.
Leask, Anna and Ian Yeoman 2000.Heritage Visitor Attractions: An Operations Management
Perspective, London.
Nigam, M.L. 1966. Fundamentals of Museology, Forward by Grace Morley, Hyderabad.
Pearce, S.M. ed. 1989. Museum Studies in Material Culture, Leicester.
Pearce, S.M., ed. 1994.Interpreting Objects and Collections, London and New York.
Plenderleith, H. J. and Werner A.E.A. 1971.The Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art:
Treatment, Repair, and Restoration, London.
Scott, David A., Jerry Pondany and Brian B. Considine eds. 1993.Ancient and Historic Metals:
Conservation and Scientific Research (Proceedings of a Symposium Organized by the J. Paul Getty
Museum and the Getty Conservation Institute November 1991), Los Angeles.
Singh, A. P. 1987. Conservation and Museum Techniques. New Delhi.
Stolow, N. 1979. Conservation Standards for works of Art in Transit and on Exhibition. Paris.
Thompson, John M.A. ed. 1984.Manual of Curatorship: A Guide to Museum Practice, Oxford, Boston.
Tripathi, Alok ed. 2012.Museum Studies (Festschrift to Dr. M.L. Nigam), Delhi.

mUlTidiSCiplinary: hiSTory
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGHI/MD/103 History of Early Indian Multidisciplinary-3 3-0-0 3 50

Literature

Unit-1 (5 hours)
Introduction to Early Indian Literature
Different Genres of Early Indian Literature.
Unit-2 (15 hours)
Religious literature:
Vedic; Buddhist; Jaina; Puranic
Epic literature:
Mahabharata; Ramayana; Silappadikaram; Manimekalai
Unit-3 (10 hours)
Technical treaties:
Manusmriti

Page 40 of 91
 Arthasastra
Kamasutra
Natyashastra

Unit-4 (15 hours)

Creative literature:
Sangam Poetry
Sanskrit kavyas (poetry and drama) with special emphasis on Kalidasa
Sanskrit story with special reference to Panchantantra,
Historical literature:
Historical biography-Harshacarita
Historical chronicle-Rajatarangini

Reading List:

Bhattacharya, Sukumari, Prachin Bharat Samaj o Sahitya, Ananda Publishers, Kolkata, 2000.

Brockington, John, The Sanskrit Epics, Brill, Leiden, 1998.

Chalmers, Robert et. all (tr.), The Jataka or Stories of the Buddhas’s Former Births, vols.1-vi,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1895-1907.

Cowell E.B. and F.W. Thomas (tr.) Harsa-Carita of Bana, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1897.

Goldman, R.P., ‘Introduction’, in Vālmīki, The Rāmāyaṇa (Vol.I), ‘Bālakāṇḍa’ translated by Robert P.
Goldman, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1984.

Griffith, Ralph, T.W., Hymns of the Ṛgveda (Vols.I and II), Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1999
(reprint).

Fitzgerald, James L., ‘Mahābhārata’ in Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby(eds.), The Hindu World,
Routledge, New York, 2004a, pp.52-74.
Ghoshal, U.N. Studies in Indian History and Culture, Calcutta, 1957.

Hazra, R.C., Studies in the Purāṇic Records on Hindu Rites and Customs, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi,
1975.

Jain, Sagarmal, Jain Literature & Philosophy, Parsvanatha Vidyapitha, Varanasi, 1999.

Kane P.V. (ed), History of Dharmasastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law), Poona:
BORI, 1946.

Kangle R.P. (tr.), The Kauṭiliya Arthasastra, I & II, University of Bombay, Bombay, 1960.

MacDonell A.A. A History of Sanskrit Literature, D Appleton and Company, New York, 1990.

Page 41 of 91
 Pillai, Vaiyapuri, History of Tamil Language and Literature (Beginning to 1000 AD), New Century
Book House, Madras, 1956.

Ramanujan, A.K. ed., Poems of Love and War, New York, 1985.

Richman, Paula, ed., Many Ramayanas, Berkeley, 1991.

Roy, Kumkum, The Power of Gender and the Gender of Power, New Delhi, 2010.

Singh, Upinder, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India, Pearson, New Delhi, 2008.

Sukthankar, V.S., On the Meaning of the Mahābhārata, The Asiatic Society of Bombay, Bombay, 1957.

Thapar, Romila, Cultural Pasts, Delhi, 2008.

Thapar, Romila, The Past Before Us: Historical Traditions of Early North India, Ranikhet, 2013.

Van Buitenen, J.A.B., ‘The Mahābhārata: Introduction’ in Vyāsa, The Mahābhārata (Vol.I), translated
by J.A.B. van Buitenen, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973a, pp.xiii-xlviii.

Witzel, Michael, ‘On the Localisation of Vedic Texts and Schools’ in Pollet, G. (ed.), India and the
Ancient World: History, Trade and Culture before A.D.650, Department Orientalistiek, Leuven, 1987,
pp.173-215.

Witzel, Michael, ‘Ṛgvedic History: Poets, Chieftains and Polities’ in Erdosy, George (ed.), The Indo-
Aryans of Ancient South Asia, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1995, pp.307-354.

Winternitz, M. A History of Indian Literature, vols.1&2, University of Calcutta, 1927, 1933.

arChaeology
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGAR/MD/103 Archaeology and Science Multidisciplinary 3 -0 - 0 3 50

Course-3

Unit-I (5 hours)
INTRODUCTION
Relation between archaeology and Science
Unit-II (10 hours)
SCIENTIFIC DATING METHOD IN ARCHAEOLOGY
a. ABSOLUTE DATING WITH CASE STUDY
Radiocarbon dating. Potassium-Argon Dating, Thermoluminescence,
Dendrochronology, Uranium series method, Electron Spin Resonance, Fission Track,
Archaeomagnetism
b. DERIVATIVE DATING WITH CASE STUDY
Flourine Test, Uranium dating, Nitrogen or Collagen dating
Unit- III (10 hours)
ROLE OF NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN INDIAN
CONTEXT:
Origins of humankind-Paleoanthropology
Page 42 of 91
 Study of Fossil- Paleontology
Archaeozoology
Archaeobotany
Archaeology and metallurgical analysis
Unit-IV(20 hours)
a. ROLE OF NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN INDIAN CONTEXT
Earth Sciences; Geology; Geomorphology; Geophysics; Geochemistry; Geochronology
b. ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN INDIAN CONTEXT
Study of burial pattern- Human skeletal biology
DNA and Archaeology
Medical science and archaeology

c. SCIENTIFIC AIDS IN EXPLORATION

Magnetic Survey
Electricity Resistivity Survey
Probe Survey.Augur survey and Drills
Aerial Survey and Photography
GIS, GPRS, and Remote sensing

Reading list:
Aitken, M J, 1990, Science-based Dating in Archaeology.
Danney W S, 1985, Archaeological Field Method: An Introduction.
Fagan, Brian, 2007, Discovery and Unearthing the new Treasures of Archaeology
Rajan K, 2002, Method and Principle of Archaeology.
Raman K V, 1986, Principle and Method of Archaeology.

gender STUdieS
Course Code Course Name Course Type L-T-P* Credit Marks
UGGS/MD/103 Women in Early India Multidisciplinary-3 3-0-0 3 50

Unit- 1 (5 hours)
History and gender – Understanding the origins of patriarchy
Unit- 2 (15 Hours)
Women in Early Indian household – Women’s right to property – Women as patrons
Women’s sexuality – the courtesans and the prostitutes – The understanding of adultery and sexual
violence.
Unit- 3 (10 hours)
Women wielding political power: The cases of Prabhāvatī Guptā, Diddā, and Rudramādevī
Unit- 4 (15 hours)

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 Women in religious literature: Vedic, Buddhist, Epic, and Purāṇic
The Goddess as a woman: Śāktaism and feminism
The woman as devotee: Akkamahadevi and Lallesvari

Essential Readings:
Altekar, A.S., Position of Women in Hindu Civilization: From Prehistoric Time to the Present Day,
Delhi, 1956.
Bhattacharji, Sukumari, Women and Society in Ancient India, Delhi, 1969.
Blackstone, R.K., Women in the Footsteps of the Buddha: Struggle for Liberation in the Therigathas,
London, 1998.
Chakravarti, Uma and Roy, Kumkum, eds., “In Search of Our Past: A Review of the Limitations and
Possibilities of the Historiography of Women in Early India”, EPW, Vol. 23, 1988, No. 18.
Chakravarti, Uma, ‘Conceptualizing Brahmanical Patriarchy in Early India: Gender, Caste, Class and
State’, EPW, Vol. 28. No 14.
Chakravarti, Uma, Everyday Lives, Everyday Histories: Beyond the Kings and Brahmanas of ‘Ancient’
India, New Delhi, 2006.
Chitgopekar, Nilima, Invoking Goddess: Gender Politics in Indian Religion, Delhi, 2002.
Doniger, Wendy. (2000) Splitting the Difference:Gender and Myth in Ancient Greece and India, New
Delhi.
Geetha, V., Gender, Calcutta, 2002.
Murcott, Susan. (ed.), The First Buddhist Women: Translations and Commentary of the Therigāthā,
Berkeley, 1991.
Kent, Susan Kingley, Gender and History, New York, 2012.
Lerner, Gerda, The Majority Finds its Past: Placing Women in History, New York, 1979.
Mahalakshmi, R., The Making of the Goddess: Korravai-Durga in Tamil Traditions, New Delhi, 2011.
Nath, Vijay, ‘Women as Property and their Right to Inherit Property up to the Gupta Period’ in Indian
Historical Review, Vol. 20, Nos. 1-2, 1993-4, pp. 1-15.
Roy, Kumkum, ed., Looking Within, Looking Without: Exploring Households in the Subcontinent
through Time, Delhi, 2015.
Roy, Kumkum, The Power of Gender and the Gender of Power, Delhi, 2010.
Roy, Kumkum, ed., Women in Early Indian Societies, Delhi, 1999.
Ramaswamy, Vijaya (ed.), Researching Indian Women, New Delhi, 2003.
Ramaswamy, Vijaya, Walking Naked: Women and Spirituality in South India, Shimla, 1997.
Scott, J.W., Gender and the Politics of History, New York, 1998.

Page 44 of 91
 Scott, J.W., ‘Gender a Useful Category of Historical Analysis’ in The American Historical Review,
Vol. 91/9, pp. 1056-1075.
Shah, Shalini, The Making of Womanhood: Gender Relations in the Mahabharata, Delhi, 2012.
Singh, Snigdha, et. al., Beyond the Woman Question: Reconstructing Gendered Identities in Early
India, Delhi, 2018.
Sharma, R.S., Perspectives in Social and Economic History of Early India, Delhi, 1983.
Talbot, Cynthia, ‘Rudramba Devi the Female King: Gender and Political Authority in Medieval India’
in David Shulman, ed., Syllables of the Sky: Studies in South Indian Civilisation, New Delhi, 1995,
pp. 391-428.
Tyagi, Jaya, Engendering the Early Households, Brahmanical Precepts in the Early Gṛhyasūtras,
Delhi, 2008.
Walby, S., Theorizing Patriarchy, Oxford, 1990.
Additional readings
Bose, Mandakranta, ed., Faces of the Feminine in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern India, New Delhi,
2000.
Chakrabarti, Kunal, Religious Process, Delhi, 2001.
Chatterjee, Bhaswati and Bandyopadhyay, Aparna, eds., Her Story: Essays in Women’s History in
Honour of Professor Geraldine Forbes, Kolkata, 2022.
Jaiswal, Suvira, ‘Caste, Gender and Ideology in the Making of India’ in Social Scientist, Vol. 36, Nos.
1/2, 2008, pp. 3-39.
Rangachari, Devika, Exploring Spaces for Women in Early Medieval Kashmir, Delhi, 2013.
Sahgal, Smita, Niyoga: Alternative Mechanism to Lineage Perpetuation in Early India, Delhi, 2017.
Sinha, Kanad, ‘Be it Manu, Be it Macaulay: Indian Law and the ‘Problem’ of the Female Body, in
Journal of Indian Law and Society, Vol. 5, 2013, pp. 61-93.
Tyagi, Jaya, ‘Hierarchical Projections of Women in Household: Brahmanical Perceptions Recorded in
the Early Gṛhyasūtras, c. 800-500 BC’ in Social Scientist, Vol. 32, Nos. 5-6, pp. 3-20.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGEL/AE/201 English Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-3
• This course has been offered by the Department of English, SCU.
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGSL/AE/201 Sanskrit Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-3
• This course has been offered by the Department of Sanskrit, SCU.

Page 45 of 91
 Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGBL/AE/201 Bengali Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-3
• This course has been offered by the Department of Bengali, SCU.

SemeSTer iv
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/203 Ancient Indian Economy: From Core course-5 3 - 1- 0 4 50

the beginning till 1300 CE

Unit-1 (10 hours)

Economic life from the origins to 400 BCE

Pre- historic and Proto- historic economy -Beginning of economic life and first urbanization -Pastoral
economy – transition to agrarian economy
Growth of agrarian economy in the middle Ganga valley- Second urbanization and beginning of
coinage tradition.

Unit-2 (10 hours)

Comparative Structures of Economies in some early states-Maurya- Satavahana -Kushana (c. 400BCE-
300CE)
Introduction
Agrarian economy
Non-agricultural production-crafts-guilds
Monetization

Unit-3 (10 hours)

Economic Life – 300CE to 600 CE
Land Grants and its politico-economic significance in the Gupta period- Crystallization of Agrahara
system of land grants- agrarian expansion- Land tenure: nature and changes
Proliferation of Crafts, Industries.

Page 46 of 91
Unit-4 (15 hours)
Economic Life – post- Gupta period
Patterns of Trade, Urbanization and Routes of Communication-Trade and Urban Development- Third
Urbanization
Trading networks-both inland and maritime.
Early Indian Merchants
Different categories of market centers

Reading List:
Chakravarti, Ranabir 1990. Monarchs, Merchants and a ‘Matha’ in Northern Konkon (c. 900-1053
AD).The Indian Economic and Social History Review 27: 189-207.
---------------ed. 2001.Trade in Early India, Delhi.
-----------2002. Prachin Bharater Arthanaitik Itihaser Sandhane, Kolkata.
-------------------2007. Trade and Traders in Early Indian Society.
-----------2009.“Relationships and Interactions in the Economic sphere”, Vol.II, Part 5, in A Social
History of Early India, Project History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture, ed. B. D.
Chattopadhyaya. Pearson Longman.
-------------2013. Exploring Early India Up to c. AD 1300, New Delhi.
Champakalakshmi, R. 1996. Trade, Ideology and Urbanization: South India 300 BC to AD 1300,Delhi.
Sahu, B. P. ed. 1997. Land System and Rural Society in Early India. Readings in Early Indian History.
B. D. Chattopadhyaya (general editor), New Delhi.
Ghoshal, U.N. 1930. The Agrarian System in Ancient India, Calcutta.
Jain, V.K. 1990. Trade and Traders in Western India (AD 1000- 1300), Delhi. Mukherjee, B.N. 1966.
Media of Exchange in Early Medieval North India, Delhi.
---------1982. Commerce and Money in the Western and Central Sectors of Eastern India (c AD. 750-
1200). The Indian Museum Bulletin, Volume 17: 65-83.
Sharma, R. S. 1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India, Delhi.
------------ 1987, Urban Decay in India (c. 300- c. 1000), Delhi.
-----------1995. Perspectives in Economic and Social History of Ancient India., 2nd revised edition,
Delhi.
Sen, Tansen, Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade, Lanham, 2005.
Singh, Upinder 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the12th
Century, Delhi.
--------------ed. 2011. Rethinking Early Medieval India: A Reader, New Delhi.
Thapar, Romila ed. 1995. Recent Perspectives of Early Indian History, Mumbai.
Page 47 of 91
 Thaplyal, K.K. 1996. Guilds in Ancient India: A Study of Guild Organization in Northern Indiaand
Western Deccan from circa 600 BC to circa 600 AD, New Delhi.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/204 Political History of North India of the Core course-6 3-1- 0 4 50

Early Medieval Period (c. 550-1200 CE)

Unit-1 (10 hours)

Situating the period- Transition from early historic to early medieval- Recent debates Survey of
Sources- understanding the changing nature of sources- Historiography- Debates on the various issues
pertaining to the Post- Gupta Period- Feudalism and theories on polity.
Unit-2 (10 hours)
Emergence of regional kingdoms and their geographical location (600CE- 800CE) – Ganga Valley and
Eastern India- The Maukharis- Harshavardhana of Pushyabhuti dynasty- early history, military and
cultural achievements and administration-Yashovarman of Kanauj.
Unit-3 (15 hours)
Western India- Emergence of Gurjara Pratiharas and other Rajput dynasties – Gahadwalas, Chandellas,
Kalachuris, Paramaras, Chahamans- fall of the Pratihara empire- Tripartite struggle- Gradual rise and
importance of the Rajputs.

Unit- 4 (10 hours)

Rise of Kashmir as an important power- Karkota and Utpala dynasty of Kashmir-Causes and Effects
of Arab invasion in Sindh – India at the end of the first millenium- Ghaznavid and Ghurid invasions:
Nature and impact.

Reading List:
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. and Makkhan Lal eds. 2014. Ancient India Series, Vol. 5: PoliticalHistory and
Administration (c. AD 750-1300 ), New Delhi.
Chakravarti, Ranabir. 2013. Exploring Early India Up to c. AD 1300, New DelhiChattopadhyaya, B.D.
1994. Making of Early Medieval India, Delhi.
--------------2003. Studying Early India: Archaeology, Texts and Historical Issues, New Delhi.
Chattopadhyaya, Sudhakar. 3rd revised ed. 1976. Early History of North India (From the fall ofthe
Mauryas to the death of Harsa), Delhi.
Devahuti, D., 1999. Harsha: A Political Study, Delhi.
Jha, D.N. ed., 1987.Feudal Social Formation in Early India, Delhi.

Page 48 of 91
 -------------ed.2000. The Feudal Order: State, Society and Ideology in Early Medieval India, New
Delhi.
Kaul, Shonaleeka, The Making of Early Kashmir, Delhi, 2008.
Kulke, H. 1997. The State in India 1000-1700, New Delhi.
Majumdar, R.C. ed. The Struggle for Empire (Vol. IV of The History and Culture of the IndianPeople).
Bombay.
-----------1955. The Age of Imperial Kanauj (Vol. V. of The History and Culture of the Indian People).
Bombay.
Mukhia, Harbans, ed., 2003. The Feudalism Debate, Delhi.
Nath, Pratyay and Sengupta, Kaustabh Mani, eds., 2002, Itihaser Bitarka, Bitarker Itihas, Kolkata.
Ray, H.C. 1973. Dynastic History of Northern India, Kolkata.
Sharma, R.S. 1965. Indian Feudalism, Calcutta.
Sharma, R.S., 1987, Urban Decay in India, Delhi.
Sharma, R.S., 2001. Early Medieval Indian Society: A Study in Feudalisation, Kolkata.
Singh, Upinder. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age tothe 12th
Century, Delhi.
---------------ed. 2011. Rethinking Early Medieval India: A Reader, New Delhi
Thapar, Romila. 2002 Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/205 Political History of South India of Core course-7 3 -1- 0 4 50

Early Medieval Period (c.550-1200 CE)

Unit-1 (10 hours)

Geographical and Historical context of space in South India.Survey of Sources- Historiography
Reflections on the concepts of Fragmentation, Segmentation, and integration.
Unit-2 (15 hours)
The emergence of regional Kingdoms in the Peninsula- The Pallavas- the Chalukyas of Badami-
Pulakesin II- the early Rashtrakutas- consolidation of the Rashtrakutas power- Fall of the Rashtrakutas
and rise of the Western Chalukyas.
Unit-3 (10 hours)

Page 49 of 91
 The advent of the Chola power- Consolidation and expansion under Rajaraja I and Rajendra I-
Relations with the Rashtrakutas- Chola administration.
Unit-4 (10 hours)
Decline of the Western Chalukyas and formation of three powerful kingdoms: Yadavas and Hoysalas
in Maharashtra and Karnataka-, Kakatiyas in Andhra Pradesh- Dissolution of the Chola Empire.

Reading List:
Chakrabarti, Dilip K. and Makkhan Lal eds. 2014. Ancient India Series, Vol. 5: PoliticalHistory and
Administration ( c.AD 750- 1300 ), New Delhi.
Chakravarti, Ranabir. 2013. Exploring Early India Up to c. AD 1300, New Delhi. Chattopadhyaya,
Sudhakar. 1974. Some Early Dynasties of South India, Motilal Banarsidass,New Delhi.
Karashima, Noboru, ed. 2004, A Concise History of South India, Delhi.
Karashima, N. 1985. South Indian History and Society: Studies from Inscriptions, Delhi.
Sastri, K.A. Nilkanta, 1975. A History of South India from Prehistoric Time to the Fall of Vijayanagar.
Madras.
-------------1975. The Cholas, (Reprint), Madras.
Stein, Burton. 1980. Peasant, State and Society in Medieval South India. Delhi.Subbarayalu, Y. 1982.
The Chola State. Studies in History 4 (2): 265-306. Veluthat, K. 2010.The Early Medieval in South
India, New Delhi.
Singh, Upinder. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From theStone Age to the 12th
Century, Delhi.

Course Code Course Name Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/206 Ancient Greece and Rome Core Course-8 3-1-0 4 50

Unit -1(15 Hours)

Political History of Classical Greece
The Greek polis – Evolution of Athenian democracy – the Persian War – The Peloponnesian War
Greek economy – Greek religion – Greek culture, philosophy, and theatre

Unit- 2 (10 hours)

Alexander and Macedonian Conquests – The Successor Empires – The Impact
Unit- 3 (10 hours)
The Roman Republic
Page 50 of 91
 Citizenship in ancient Rome – expansionism of the Roman republic – Collapse of the Roman Republic
Unit- 4 (10 hours)
The Principate
Augustan Rome – The crisis of Roman Empire in second century CE – Collapse of the Western Roman
Empire – Roman economy – Roman religion

Essential readings
Anderson, Perry, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism, London and New York, 1970.
Bury, J.B. and Meiggs, Russell, The History of Greece, London, 1985.
Ehrenburg, Victor, From Solon to Socrates, London, 1968.
Farooqui, Amar, Early Social Formations, Delhi, 2021.
Flower, H.I., ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic, Cambridge, 2014.
Kitto, H.D.F., The Greeks, London, 1951.
Osborne, Robin, Classical Greece, Oxford, 2000.
Additional readings
Bernal, Martin, Black Athena, New Brunswick, 1987.
Clogg, Richard, A Concise History of Greece, Cambridge, 1992.
Finley, M.I., ed., Slavery in Classical Antiquity, Cambridge, 1960.
Gilman, Arthur, Rome from the Earliest Times to the End of the Republic, New York, 1891.
Grant, Michael, The World of Rome, London, 2011.
Hamilton, J.R., Alexander the Great, Pittsburgh, 1974.
Jones, A.H.M., Athenian Democracy, Baltimore, 1986.
Lewis, N. and Reinhold, M., Roman Civilization, Columbia, 1990.
Vickers, Michael, Roman World, Oxford, 1977.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/MI/202 Classical Civilization: Minor Course- 4 3-1-0 4 50

Greece and Rome

Unit -1(15 Hours)

Political History of Classical Greece
The Greek polis – Evolution of Athenian democracy – the Persian War – The Peloponnesian War
Greek economy – Greek religion – Greek culture, philosophy, and theatre

Unit- 2 (10 hours)

Page 51 of 91
 Alexander and Macedonian Conquests – The Successor Empires – The Impact
Unit- 3 (10 hours)
The Roman Republic
Citizenship in ancient Rome – expansionism of the Roman republic – Collapse of the Roman Republic
Unit- 4 (10 hours)
The Principate
Augustan Rome
Roman economy
Roman religion

Essential readings
Anderson, Perry, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism, London and New York, 1970.
Bury, J.B. and Meiggs, Russell, The History of Greece, London, 1985.
Ehrenburg, Victor, From Solon to Socrates, London, 1968.
Farooqui, Amar, Early Social Formations, Delhi, 2021.
Flower, H.I., ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Republic, Cambridge, 2014.
Kitto, H.D.F., The Greeks, London, 1951.
Osborne, Robin, Classical Greece, Oxford, 2000.
Additional readings
Bernal, Martin, Black Athena, New Brunswick, 1987.
Clogg, Richard, A Concise History of Greece, Cambridge, 1992.
Finley, M.I., ed., Slavery in Classical Antiquity, Cambridge, 1960.
Gilman, Arthur, Rome from the Earliest Times to the End of the Republic, New York, 1891.
Grant, Michael, The World of Rome, London, 2011.
Hamilton, J.R., Alexander the Great, Pittsburgh, 1974.
Jones, A.H.M., Athenian Democracy, Baltimore, 1986.
Lewis, N. and Reinhold, M., Roman Civilization, Columbia, 1990.
Vickers, Michael, Roman World, Oxford, 1977.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

UGEL/AE/202 English Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-4
• This course has been offered by the Department of English, SCU.

Page 52 of 91
 Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGSL/AE/202 Sanskrit Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-4
• This course has been offered by the Department of Sanskrit, SCU.
Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks
UGBL/AE/202 Bengali Language Ability 2 2 50
Enhancement
Course-4
• This course has been offered by the Department of Bengali, SCU.

SemeSTer-v

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/301 Political History of Bengal from Core course-9 3 -1- 0 4 50

Prehistory to 1300 CE.
Unit-1 (10 hours)
Sources and their interpretations.
Historiography
Introducing the region Bengal: definition, scope, terminology, and periodization.
Historical Geography of Ancient Bengal: Pundra and Varendri, Gauda, Radha (Uttara- Radha mandala
and Dakshina Radha), Vanga, Vangala, Samatata, Harikela, Chandradvipa. Pundravardhana-bhukti,
Danda-bhukti, Vardhamana- bhukti, Kankagrama-bhukti, Suvarnavithi-Navyavakasika, Trans-
Meghna tracts.
Unit-2 (10 hours)
The Cultural Parameters of the Prehistoric and the Protohistoric (Palaeolithic,Mesolithic and Neolithic
sites in ancient Bengal)
Chalcolithic cultures of West Bengal.
The Foundations of Early Historic Bengal: Nature of pre-Gupta Bengal- Mauryan and Kushana Period
- Bengal under the Guptas.
Unit-3 (15 hours)
Political Processes during the Post- Gupta Period: Rise of Gauda as a regional power underShashanka.
Minor ruling powers in the sixth and seventh centuries- Devas, Ratas, Khadgas.

Page 53 of 91
 Rise of Palas in Bengal and Bihar- Gopala and Matsyanyaya- Extent of the Pala territory during the
time of Dharmapala and Devapala - Mahendrapala to Rampala: An overview of the reign of the Pala
rulers- Occupation of Varendra- Kaivarta rebellion- Decline of the Pala rule.
Unit-4 (10 hours)
Local power formations in South-eastern Bengal from the eighth century onwards.Rise of Chandras as
regional power.
Rise of Varmans as regional power.
Formation of the Sena rule.
Achievements of Vijaysena and Vallalasena. Lakshmanasena - Turkish invasion- later Sena rulers.

Reading List:
Bagchi, Jhunu. 1993. The History and Culture of the Palas of Bengal and Bihar (c. 750-1200 AD),
New Delhi.
Ball, V. 1865. ‘Stone Implements Found in Benga’l. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal:127-
28.
-------------1867. ‘Notes on Stone Implements Found in Bengal’. Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of
Bengal:136-53.
Banerjee, S.K. 1951. Sasanka- King of Bengal. The Indian Historical Quarterly 27: 312- 320.Banerji,
R.D. 1915. The Palas of Bengal.Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol.3, Calcutta: The Asiatic
Society.
------------1987 reprint, Bangalar Itihas, Vol. I, Calcutta: Dey’s Publishing.
Basak, R.G., ‘The Five Damodarpur Copperplate Inscriptions of the GuptaPeriod’, Epigraphia Indica
15 ( 1919-20) : 113-45.
Bhandarkar, D.R. 1932. ‘Note on a Mauryan Inscription from Mahasthan’ (the ancient
Paundravardhana). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, XXVIII: 123-126.
Bhandarkar, D.R., ‘Mauryan Bramhi Inscription of Mahasthan’, Epigraphia Indica, 1931, XXI: 83-
91.
Bhattacharyya, A. 1977. Historical Geography of Ancient and Medieval Bengal, Calcutta.
Birmingham, J. 1972, ‘Chalcolithic and Early Iron Age Pottery in West Bengal’, South Asia 2:1-23.
Chakrabarti, Anita, 1991. History of Bengal (C.550-750 A.D.), Burdwan.
Chakrabarti, Dilip, K. 1991, Ancient Bangladesh: A Study of Archaeological Sources, Delhi. ----------
-----1993, Archaeology of Eastern India: Chhotonagpur Plateau and West Bengal, Delhi.
-------------2001. Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plains: The Lower and the Middle Ganga,
New Delhi.
-----------2010. The Geographical Orbits of Ancient India: The Geographical Frames of Ancient Indian
Dynasties, New Delhi.
Chakrabarti, Dilip, K., G. Sengupta, R.K. Chattopadhyay and Nayanjot Lahiri. 1993. ‘Black and Red
Ware Settlements in West Bengal’, South Asian Studies 9:123-35.
Chakrabarti, D.K. 1981, Pragoitihasik Bangla, Calcutta.
Page 54 of 91
Chakravarti, Rajanikanta 1999 (reprint). Gaurer Itihas, Dey’sPublishing, Calcutta.
Chandra, Ramprasad, 1975 (reprint) Gaurarajamala, Calcutta.
Chattopadhyay, Debiprasad (ed.) 1980. Taranatha’s History of Buddhism in India (Translatedfrom the
Tibetan by Lama Chimpa and Alaka Chattopadhyaya). Calcutta.
Chattopadhyaya, B.D., G. Sengupta, and S. Chakrabarty, 2005, An Annotated Archaeological Atlas of
West Bengal, Vol. I: Pre-history and Proto-history, Delhi.
Chhabra, B. Ch., G.S. Gai (ed.) 1981. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol.3, Inscriptions of Early
Gupta Kings, Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India.
Chowdhury, Abdul, Momin, 1964, Dynastic History of Bengal (c. 750-1200 A. D.) Dacca.
Chowdhury, Abdul Momin and Chakravarti, Ranabir, eds., 2018. History of Bangladesh (Vols. 1-2),
Dhaka.
Dasgupta, P.C., 1964, The Excavations of Padurajardhibi, Calcutta.
------------1981, Pragoitihasik Bangla, Calcutta, Anamika Prakashani.
------------1992, Neolithic Culture In West Bengal with Special Reference to South and South-East Asia,
Delhi.
----------Black and red Ware Culture in West Bengal, 1995, New Delhi,
Goswami, Kunja Gobinda, 1984, Excavations of Bangarh: 1938-41(Asutosh Memoir No. I),Calcutta.
Islam, Shafirul, 2008, ‘Recently Discovered Coins and the History of the Khadgas’, Journal of the
Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (Humanities), 53(I):1-11.
Keilhorn, F., 1979 (reprint), Khalimpur Plate of Dharmapaladeva. Epigraphia Indica 4 (1896-97):243-
54.
Maitreya, Akshay Kumar, 1987, The Fall of the Pala Empire, Darjeeling.
----------------- Gaudalekhamala, 2004 (reprint), Kolkata.
Majumder, R.C. ed., 1971(reprint), History of Bengal (Vol. I), Patna.
Majumder, R.C. 2005 (reprint), History of Ancient Bengal, Kolkata.
Morrison, Barrie M. 1970. Political Centers and Cultural Regions in Early Bengal, Tucson.
Mukherjee, S.C., 1967. ‘Chalcolithic Image of West Bengal with Special Reference to PanduRajar
Dhibi’, Indian Museum Bulletin, 2:36-42.
Paul, Pramode Lal. 1939, The Early History of Bengal from the Earliest Times to the Muslim Conquest,
Indian History Series No. 2. Calcutta.
Ray, H.C. The Dynastic History of Northern India: Early Medieval Period, Calcutta.
Ray, Niharranjan, 1994, The History of the Bengali People: Ancient Period (Translated with an
Introduction by John W. Hood), Calcutta.
-------------------2001(reprint), Banglalir Itihas: Adi Parba, Kolkata.

Page 55 of 91
 Roychoudhuri, B. 1990. The Political History of Bengal to the rise of the Pala Dynasty, c. 326 BC to
AD 750, Calcutta.
Sanyal, Rajat. ‘The Pala- Sena and Others’ in Chakrabarti, Dilip K. and Makkhan Lal eds. 2014.-----------
---------------Ancient India Series, Vol. 5: Political History and Administration (c. AD 750- 1300), New
Delhi.
Sircar, D.C. 1982. Pal- Sen Yuger Vamsanucharit Calcutta.
---------------1982. Pal Purva Yuger Vamsanucharit, Calcutta.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/302 Socio - Economic and Cultural History of Core course-

Bengal from the beginning to 1300 CE. 10
3 -1- 0 4 50

Unit-1 (10 hours)

Society:
Beginning of Varna Hierarchy in the Gupta period
Presence of Brahmana settlements
Conversion of professional groups in to caste groups in the early medieval period- the case of the
Karana Kayasthas,Vaidyas, Kaivartas and other lower caste groups. Aspects of rural society.

Unit-2 (10 hours)

Economy:
Process of urbanization and urban centers
Trade and Traders
Monetization
Beginning of the system of land grants
Crystallization of the Agrahara system and its impact on the economy

Unit-3 (15 hours)

a. Religion:
Jainism in different phases
Buddhism- evolution of Mahayanism- Mantrayana- Vajrayana- Sahajayana and Kalachakrayana
Introduction to Brahmanical religion with the coming of the Guptas
Emergence of Puranic religious cults: Vaishnavism- Saivism- Shakti- Saura cult
Religious centres- Buddhist Viharas and Brahmanical Mathas
b. Art and Architecture:
Terracotta art in Bengal
Sculptural art of the Pala- Sena period
Sculptural art of Southeastern Bengal
Paintings: manuscript painting
Brahmanical and Buddhist architectural tradition in Bengal

Page 56 of 91
Unit-4 (10 hours)
Knowledge Systems:
Scripts and languages used in epigraphy and literature
Sanskrit literature: different genres- beginning of regional literary tradition
Technical and scientific literature
Educational institutions
Development of science, technology and medicine

Reading List:
Chakravarti, Ranabir 1996. Vangasagara- Sambhandariyaka: A Riverine Trade - centre of Early
Medieval Bengal. Explorations in Art and Archaeology of South Asia (ed. Debala Mitra), pp.557-72.
Calcutta; Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of West Bengal.
………2002. Trade and Traders in Early Indian Society. New Delhi.
Chakravarti, Ranabir. 2010. Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture, Vol.II.
Politics and Society in India (AD 300-1000).
Chattopadhyaya, B.D. 1990. Aspects of Rural Settlements and Rural Society in Early Medieval India,
Calcutta.
Das.D.R.1997. Jaina Temples of West Bengal.Nirgrantha 3: 107-124
Gupta, Chitrarekha 1996. Land Measurement and Land Revenue System in Bengal under the Senas.
Explorations in Art and Archaeology of South Asia (ed. Debala Mitra), pp.573-93. Calcutta;
Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of West Bengal.
Mukherjee, B.N. 1992. Coins and Currency System in Gupta Bengal (C. Ad 320-550), New Delhi.
…….1993. Coins and Currency Systems of Post- Gupta Bengal (c. AD 550- 700 , New Delhi.
Niyogi, Puspa. 1967. Brahmanic Settlements in Different Subdivisions of Ancient Bengal, Calcutta.
Ray, Niharranjan, 1994, The History of the Bengali People: Ancient Period (Translated with an
Introduction by John W. Hood), Calcutta, Orient Longman.
…….2001(reprint), Banglalir Itihas: Adi Parva (i.e. The History of the Bengali People: Ancient
period), Kolkata, Dey’s Publishing.
Salomon, Richard 1998. Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit
and the Other Indo- Aryan languages. New York: Oxford University Press.
Saraswati, S.K. 1976. Architecture of Bengal Book I (Ancient Phase).Calcutta.
…………..1978. Palyuger Chitrakala (i.e. The Art of Painting in the Pala Period, in Bengali). Calcutta:
Ananda Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/303 Early History of China Core course-11 3-1-0 4 50

Page 57 of 91
Unit-1 (10 hours)
Ancient Era-An Introduction
Shang Dynasty (ca. 1700-1046 BCE), Zhou Dynasty (1066-ca. 221 BCE)
Spring and Autumn Period (722-481 BCE),Warring States Period (476- 221 BCE)

Unit-2 (10 hours)

Imperial era – An Introduction
Qin Dynasty (221 – 206 BCE)
Han Dynasty (202 BCE- 220 CE)
Wei and Jin Period (265- 420 CE)
Unit-3 (10 hours)
Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 CE), Sui Dynasty (589-618CE)
Tang Dynasty (618-907CE)
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960CE)
Song Dynasty and Liao, Jin, Western Xia (960-1234CE)
Unit-4 (15 hours)
Early History of Sino-Indian Maritime Trade -- Trade routes between India and China-The Silk Route-
The Southern Silk Route-Trade and Diplomacy.
Cultural interaction between India and China.
Dissemination of Buddhism in China
Chinese Buddhist Pilgrims in India
Presence of Tamil merchants in China and Brahmanical temples in Quanzhou, China.

Reading List:
Bagchi, P.C. 1950. India and China: A Thousand Years of Cultural Relations, Bombay,
Cambridge History of China (Relevant Volumes)
Chakravarti, Adhir Kumar. 2007. Studies of India, China and Southeast India, Kolkata.
Fairbank, John King, Reischauer, Edwin O, and Craig, Albert M., 1989. East Asia : Tradition and
Transformation, Boston.
Lahiri, Latika (trs.). 1986. Chinese Monks in India: Biography of Eminent Monks Who Went tothe
Western World in Search of the Law during the Great Tang Dynasty, Delhi.
Ray, Haraprasad, 2003. Trade and Trade Routes between India and China, Calcutta.
Sen, Tansen, 2004. Buddhism, Diplomacy and Trade, New Delhi.
Page 58 of 91
 Xinru Liu, 1988, Ancient India and Ancient China: Trade and Religious Exchange AD 1- 600.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/MI/203 Indian Paleography Minor Course-5 3-1 - 0 4 50

Unit -1 (10 hours)

Introduction to Indian Palaeography- Meaning and scope- Types of scripts.
Unit-2 (10 hours)
Earliest writings in South Asia: Harappan script and related problems
Antiquity of historical writings in India.
Unit-3 (15 hours)
Study of Scripts:
Brahmi- Early Brahmi, middle Brahmi and late Brahmi. Kharoshti- Asokan Kharoshti, Kusana
Kharoshti.
Unit-4 (10 hours)
Early Medieval scripts with emphasis on eastern India.
Early Siddhamatrika- mature Siddhamatrika- Gaudi- development of Bengali Script.

Reading List:
Buhler, Georg. 2004. Indian Palaeography. Delhi (reprint)Dani, A.H. 1963. Indian Palaeography.
Delhi.
Ojha, Gauri Shankar Heerachand, 1971(3rd edition) First published 1894, Bharatiya Prachin Lipimala
(Hindi), Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi.
Parpola, Asko. 1994. Deciphering the Indus Script. Cambridge.
Saloman, Richard. 1998. Indian Epigraphy. A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit
and the other Indo- European Languages, New York.
Sander, Lore. 2007. Confusion of Terms and Terms of Confusion in Indian Palaeography. Expanding
and Merging Horizons. Contributions to South Asian and Cross- Cultural Studies in Commemoration
of Wilhelm Halbfass, ed. by Karin Preisendanz, Wien, pp.121-139.
Sircar, D.C. 1965.Indian Epigraphy. Delhi.

SemeSTer-vi

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

Page 59 of 91
AIWH/CC/304 History of India (1200- Core Course-12 3-1-0 4 50
1526CE)

Unit 1
Survey of Sources (10 Hours)
Persian ta’rikh tradition with special reference to Barani
Malfuzats and premakhyanas: Persian, Sanskrit, and Vernacular Interactions
Inscriptions and Regional identities: The Kakatiyas
Architecture and archaeology: Hampi
Unit 2
Political Processes (15 Hours)
The coming of the Delhi Sultanat
Articulation of Political Authority: Balban, Khaljis, Tughluqs
Political structure of the Delhi Sultanat
Regional political cultures: Vijayanagara and Gujarat Sultanate
Unit 3
Economic processes (10 Hours)
Agricultural production
Technological changes
Monetization, market regulations, trade, and crafts
Unit 4
Religion and Society (10 Hours)
Sufism: Chishti and Suhrawardy silsilahs, doctrines and practices, social roles
Bhakti cults: Kabir, Nanak, Warkari, Mirabai
Gender and identity formation

Essential readings:
Alam, Muzaffar, The Languages of Political Islam in India, Delhi, 2004.
Behl, Aditya, Love’s Subtle Magic: An Indian Islamic Literary Tradition, New York, 2012.
Chandra, Satish, Medieval India, Vol. 1, Delhi, 2010.
Chattopadhyaya, B.D., Representing the Other: Sanskrit Sources and the Muslims, Delhi, 1998.
Kumar, Sunil, The Emergence of the Delhi Sultanate, Delhi, 2007.
Hardy, Peter, Historians of Medieval India, Delhi, 1997.
Eaton, Richard M., India’s Islamic Traditions, 711-1750, New Delhi, 2003.
Ernst, Carl W., Eternal Garden: Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Centre, New
York, 1992.
Page 60 of 91
Grewal, J.S., Contesting Interpretations of the Sikh Tradition, Delhi, 1993.
Habib, Irfan, ed., Medieval India: Researches in History of India 1200-1750, Vol. 1, New Delhi, 2001.
Habib, Mohammad and Nizami, K.A., A Comprehensive History of India. Vol. 5 (Parts 1-2), Delhi,
1993.
Jackson, Peter, The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History, Cambridge, 1999.
Karashima, N., ed., A Concise History of South India, Delhi, 2014.
Karashima, N., A Concordance of Nayakas: The Vijayanagara Inscriptions of South India, Mew Delhi,
2002.
Lal, K.S., Twilight of the Sultanate, Delhi, 1980.
Lorenzen, David, Religious Movements in South Asia, 600-1800, New Delhi, 2005.
Michell, George, and Fritz, John M., New Light on Hampi: Recent Research on Vijayanagara,
Mumbai, 2001.
Prasad, P., Sanskrit Inscriptions of the Delhi Sultanate, Delhi, 1990.
Raychaudhuri, Tapan, and Habib, Irfan, (eds.) Cambridge Economic History of India, Vols. 1-2,
Cambridge, 1982.
Rizvi, S.A.A., A History of Sufism, Vol. 1, Delhi, 1978.
Rizvi, S.A.A., The Wonder that was India, Vol. 2, London, 2005.
Sharma, Krishna, Bhakti and the Bhakti Movement: A New Perspective, Delhi, 2002.
Sheikh, Samira, Forging a Region: Sultans, Traders, and Pilgrims in Gujarat, 1200-1500, Delhi, 2010.
Stein, Burton, Peasant, State, and Society in Medieval South India, New Delhi, 1980.
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay, ed., Money and the Market in India, 1100-1700, Delhi, 1994.

Suggested readings:

Alam, Muzaffar, Delvoye, N., and Gaborieau, Marc, (eds.), The Making of Indo-Persian Culture:
Indian and French Studies, Delhi, 2000.
Datta, Rajat, Rethinking a Millennium: Perspectives on Indian History from Eighth to the Eighteenth
Century, Delhi, 2008.
Day, U, N., Some Aspects of Medieval Indian History, New Delhi, 1971.
Eaton, Richard, M., Essays on Islam and Indian History, Delhi, 2000.
Fuess, Albrecht, and Hartung, Jan Peter, (eds.), Court Cultures in the Muslim World: Seventh to
Nineteenth Centuries, London, 2011.
Moreland, W.H., Agrarian Systems of Moslem India, Delhi, 1988.
Orsini, Francesca and Sheikh, Samira, (eds.), After Timur Left, Delhi, 2014.

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 Ramaswamy, Vijaya, Walking Naked: Women, Society, and Spirituality in South India, Shimla, 1997.
Richards, J.F., ed., Kingship and Authority in South Asia, Delhi, 1998.
Schomer, K. and McLeod, W.H., ed., The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India, Delhi,
1987.
Sharma, Sunil, Amir Khusraw: The Poet of Sultans and Sufis, Delhi, 2005.
Talbot, Cynthia, Precolonial India in Practice, Delhi, 2008.
Vaudeville, C., Myths, Saints, and Legends in Medieval India, New Delhi, 1996.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/305 History of India (1526-1757) Core Course-13 3-1-0 4 50

Unit 1. (6 Hours)
Historiography of Mughal India:
a. Historians of the Mughal Period
b. The nature of the Mughal state: Debates and Historiography

Unit 2 (9 hours)

The Mughal-Afghan Conflict

a. Babar’s inroads
b. Humayun and The Mughal Afghan Conflict
c. Sher Shah and the Afghan interregnum

Unit 3: (20 Hours)

The Heydays of the Mughal Empire
a. Political expansion of the Mughal Empire under Akbar
b. The Mughal-Rajput relation and the emergence of a new composite ruling class
c. India under Jahangir and Shah Jahan
d. The Mughal administration; army; land revenue system; Mansabdari and Jagirdari
e. War of succession and the reign of Aurangzeb
f. Decline of the Mughals: Jagirdari crisis and agrarian crisis
g. Regional polities: The Marathas under Shivaji and the Peshwas; the Sikhs.

Unit 5: (10 Hours)

The Mughal World
a. The Mughal nobility
b. Religious policy of the Mughals: Akbar and Aurangzeb
c. The Mughals and the fine arts: painting and architecture
d. Economy under the Mughals

Page 62 of 91
Essential readings
Alam, Muzaffar and Subramaniam, Sanjay, eds., The Mughal State, New Delhi, 1998.
Chandra, Satish, Medieval India, Vols. I-II, New Delhi, 2007.
Chandra, Satish, The Mughal Religious Policies: The Rajputs and the Deccan, Delhi, 1995.
Habib, Irfan, Agrarian System of Mughal India, New Delhi, 1999.
Habib, Irfan, Economic History of Medieval India: A Survey, New Delhi, 2001.
Raychaudhuri, Tapan and Habib, Irfan, eds., Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. 1, Cambridge,
1987.
Richards, J.F., The Mughal Empire, Cambridge, 1995.
Rizvi, S.A.A., The Wonder that was India, Vol. II, New Delhi, 2000.
Additional readings

Ali, M. Athar, Medieval India: Essays in the History of India, 1200-1750, New Delhi, 1999.
Ali, M. Athar, Mughal Nobility under Aurangzeb, New Delhi, 1997.
Aquil, Raziuddin, Sufism, Culture and Society in Medieval India, New Delhi, 2010.
Asher, Catherine B. and Cynthia Talbot, India before Europe, New Delhi, 2006.
Chandra, Satish, Medieval India: Society, The Jagirdari Crisis, Delhi, 2003.
Chandra, Satish, Parties and Politics at the Mughal Court, Delhi, 1959.
Eaton, Richard, India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765, 2019.
Habib, Irfan, ed., Akbar and His India, New Delhi, 1997
Lal, Ruby, Empress: The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan, Delhi, 2018.
Mukhia, Harbans, The Mughals of India, New Delhi, 2009.
Rizvi, S.A.A., Religious and Intellectual Lives of the Muslims in Akbar’s Reign, New Delhi, 1995.
Streusand, Douglas, The Formation of the Mughal Empire, Oxford, 1989.
Truschke, Audrey, Aurangzeb: The Man and the Myth, New Delhi, 2017.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/306 Historiography and the Tradition of Core course-14 3-1-0 4 50
Historical Discourse in Early India

Unit 1 (10 hours)

What is History?
Meaning and Scope of History
The Subjectivity / Objectivity debate in History.

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Unit 2 (5 hours)
Indian sense of the Past – the colonial construction of an ahistorical society and its explanations –
the use of such construction – the meaning of historical consciousness – Euro centrism – the
Indian perceptions – the word and the thing- the concept of time in ancient India.
Unit 3 (20 hours)
The expressions of historical consciousness in the Vedic texts – the social context of a lineage-based
society – the genres – the gatha, narasamsi, akhyana and danastuti – concern with origins,
genealogies and hero-lauds – their contexts and function – legitimation of power – sanctioning
social positions.
The itihasa-purana tradition – the epics – one age looking at its past – historicity or historical
consciousness? – the continuity of the tradition from Vedic times – the suta-magadha tradition –
the akhyanas and upakhyanas – their function – origins, genealogies and achievements of
individuals – the Puranic vamsanucaritas – Pargiter’s argument – the crystallisation of the
tradition – its features.
The Buddhist and Jain texts – the new socio-political milieu – changing expressions of historical
consciousness – origin myths of groups and chiefly houses – emerging centres of power and their
legitimacy – the functions of the new expressions – legitimation of the new order of incipient
state systems.
Unit – 4 (10 hours)
The early medieval expressions – the changing socio-political context and its new demands – the
prasastis – from Allahabad to the medieval prasastis – nature and function – the historical
biographies – Harsacarita and other works – dynastic chronicle – Mushikavamsa and Rajatarangini.

Reading List:
Ali, Daud, ‘Indian Historical Writing: c. 600-1400’ in Sarah Foot and Chase F. Robinson, eds., The
Oxford History of Historical Writing, Vol. 2, Oxford, 2012.
Aquil, Raziuddin, History in the Public Domain, Manohar, 2023.
Brockington, John, The Sanskrit Epics, Brill, Leiden, 1998.
Cowell, E.B., et al., The Jātaka (Vols. I-VI), Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 2002 (reprint).
Fitzgerald, James L., ‘Mahābhārata’ in Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby(eds.), The Hindu World,
Routledge, New York, 2004a, pp.52-74.
Ghoshal, U.N. Studies in Indian History and Culture, Calcutta, 1957.
Goldman, R.P. and Goldman, Sally J. Sutherland, ‘Rāmāyaṇa’ in Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby
(ed.), The Hindu World, Routledge, New York, 2004.
Goldman, R.P., ‘Introduction’, in Vālmīki, The Rāmāyaṇa (Vol.I), ‘Bālakāṇḍa’ translated by Robert
P. Goldman, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1984.
Griffith, Ralph, T.W., Hymns of the Ṛgveda (Vols.I and II), Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1999
(reprint).
Guha, Ranajit, History at the Limit of World History, Columbia, 2003.

Page 64 of 91
Hiltebeitel, Alf, ‘Kṛṣṇa and the Mahābhārata’ in Annals of the Bhandarakar Oriental Research
Institute, Vol. LX, 1979, pp. 65-107.
Hiltebeitel, Alf, Rethinking the Mahābhārata: A Reader’s Guide to the Education of the Dharma King,
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2001.
Jain, J.C., Life in Ancient India as Depicted in Jaina Canon and Commentaries, Delhi, 1984.
Lal, Vinay, The History of History: Politics and Scholarship in Modern India, Delhi, 2005.
Majumdar, R.C., ed., The History and Culture of the Indian People (Vols, 1, 3), Mumbai, 1996.
Nandy, Ashis, ‘History’s Forgotten Doubles’ in History and Theory, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1995, pp. 44-66.
Nath, Pratyay, and Sengupta, Kaustabhmani, (eds.), Itihaser Bitarka, Bitarker Itihas, Kolkata, 2021.
Pargiter, F.E., Ancient Indian Historical Traditions, reprint, Delhi, 1972.
Pargiter, F.E., The Purana Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age, Oxford, 1913.
Pathak, V.S., Ancient Historians of India, Bombay, 1966.
Pollock, Sheldon, ‘Mīmāṃsā and the Problem of History in Traditional India’ in Journal of the
American Oriental Society, Vol. 109, No.4, 1989, pp. 603-610.
Ramanujan, A.K. ed., Poems of Love and War, New York, 1985.
Richman, Paula, ed., Many Ramayanas, Berkeley, 1991.
Roy, Kumkum, The Power of Gender and the Gender of Power, New Delhi, 2010.
Sharma, R.S., Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India, McMillan, Delhi, 1983.
Sinha, Kanad, From Dāśarājn͂a to Kurukṣetra: Making of a Historical Tradition, Delhi, 2021.
Sinha, Kanad, ‘A Tale of Three Couples and their Poet: Rāmakathā, Love and Vālmīki in South Asian
Tradition’ in Studies in Humanities in Social Sciences, Vol. XVIII, Nos. 1-2, 2011, pp.43-80.
Staal, Frits, Discovering the Vedas, Penguin, 2008.
Stein, Burton, ‘Early Indian Historiography: A Conspiracy Hypothesis’ in The Indian Economic and
Social History Review, Vol. 6, Issue 1, 1969, pp. 41-59.
Sukthankar, V.S., ‘The Bhṛgus and the Bhārata: A Text Historical Study’ in Annals of the Bhandarkar
Oriental Research Institute, 18, 1936-7.
Sukthankar, V.S., On the Meaning of the Mahābhārata, The Asiatic Society of Bombay, Bombay,
1957.
Thapar, Romila, Cultural Pasts, Delhi, 2008.
Thapar, Romila, The Past Before Us: Historical Traditions of Early North India, Ranikhet, 2013.
Van Buitenen, J.A.B., ‘The Mahābhārata: Introduction’ in Vyāsa, The Mahābhārata (Vol.I), translated
by J.A.B. van Buitenen, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973a, pp.xiii-xlviii.
Witzel, Michael, ‘On the Localisation of Vedic Texts and Schools’ in Pollet, G. (ed.), India and the
Ancient World: History, Trade and Culture before A.D.650, Department Orientalistiek, Leuven, 1987,
pp.173-215.

Page 65 of 91
Witzel, Michael, ‘Ṛgvedic History: Poets, Chieftains and Polities’ in Erdosy, George (ed.), The Indo-
Aryans of Ancient South Asia, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1995, pp.307-354.

Additional readings

Aiyangar, S. Krishnaswamy, The Beginning of South Indian History, Madras, 1918.

Ali, Daud, ‘Towards a History of Courtly Emotions in Early Medieval India, c. 300-700 CE’ in South
Asian History and Culture, Vol. 12, 2021, Nos. 2-3, pp. 129-145.
Ali, Daud, ‘Royal Eulogies as World History: Rethinking Copper-plate Inscriptions in Cola India’ in
Ronald Inden, Jonathan Walters, Daud Ali, eds., Querying the Medieval: Texts and the History of the
Practices in South Asia, pp. 165-229.
Ali, Daud, ‘Verses at the Court of the King: Shifts in the Historical Imagination of the Sanskrit Literary
Tradition during the Second Millenium’ in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 32, Special Issue
1, pp. 13-31.
Brodbeck, Simon, ‘Solar and Lunar Lines in the Mahābhārata’ in Religions of South Asia, Vol. 5, Nos.
1-2, 2011, pp.127-152.
Chattopadhyaya, B.D., ‘State’s Perception of the Forest’ and the ‘Forest’ as State in Early India’ in
Chaudhuri, B.B. and Arun Bandyopadhyaya (eds.), Tribes, Forest and Social Formation in Indian
History, Manohar, New Delhi, 2004, pp.23-37.
Devahuti, D., ed., Bias in Indian Historiography, Delhi, 1980.
Dikshitar, V.R.R., Studies in Tamil Literature and History, London, 1930.
Geiger, The Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa, Colombo, 1908.
Ghoshal, U.N., ‘History and Historians of Ancient India in the Modern Age’ in Indo-Asian Culture,
IX, 1961.
Goldman, R.P., Gods, Priests and Warriors, Columbia University Press, New York, 1977.
Law, B.C., A Manual of Buddhist Historical Tradition, Calcutta, 1941.
Pusalkar, A.D., ‘Conception of History in Ancient Indian Literature’, in Our Heritage, XII, 2, 1964.
Pusalkar, A.D., Studies in Epics and Puranas, Bombay, 1955.
Sankalia, H.D., Ramayana: Myth or Reality, Bombay, 1973.
Sastri, A. Banerji, ‘On Ancient Indian Historical Tradition’, JBORS, XIII.
Sastri, K.A. Nilakanta, Sangam Literature, Madras, 1972.
Sen, S.P., ed., Historical Biography in Indian Literature, Calcutta, 1979.
Singh, G.P., Early Indian Historical Tradition and Archaeology, Delhi, 1994.
Thapar, Romila, ‘Perceiving the Forest: Early India’ in Studies in History, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2001,
pp.173-191.
Thapar, Romila, Exile and the Kingdom, The Mythic Society, Bangalore, 1978.

Page 66 of 91
 Thapar, Romila, From Lineage to State, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2008.
Warder, A.K., An Introduction to Indian Historiography, Bombay, 1972.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/307 Social Life of Ancient India: From the Core course-15 3-1- 0 4 50
beginning till 1300 CE

Unit-1 (15 hours)

Early Indian Society (till 300 CE)
Pre- historic and Proto-historic society
Beginning of the Varna hierarchy in the Vedic period-The Ashrama system and the Samskaras- Varna
and Jati- Accommodation and contestation regarding social incorporation of ‘foreigners’.
Unit-2 (10 hours)
Early Indian Society (c.300CE-1300CE)
Proliferation of castes- The Varnasankara theory, the rise of professional castes and the Varna /Jati
system
Slavery
Untouchability – Position of the antyajas
Unit-3 (15 hours)
Gender relations in Ancient India up to 300 CE
Paradigm shifts in gender studies
Representation of women in the Vedic literature – forms of marriage - Gender relations from the
Dharma sutras – women as donors in Inscription- Property rights - concept of Stridhana
Unit-4 (5 hours)
Gender relations in the Gupta and early medieval period
Courtesans and Devadasis
Women saints.

Reading List:
Altekar, A.S. 1962. The Position of Women in Hindu Civilization from Pre- historic times to thePresent
Day.
Bhattacharya, Narendranath. Prachin Bharatiya Samaj (Bengali)
Bhattacharya Sibesh Chandra. 1978. Some Aspects of Indian Society - From c.2nd Century B.C.to
c. 4th Century A.D.
Bhattacharji, Sukumari, Samaj O Sahitya (Bengali )

Page 67 of 91
Bose, A. N. 1961. Social and Rural Economy of Northern India, 600 BC – 200 AD.2 Volumes,Calcutta.
Chakravarti, Ranabir ed. 2001. Trade in Early India, Delhi.
-----------------------------2013. Exploring Early India Up to c. AD 1300, New Delhi.
Chakravarti, Uma 1987. The Social Dimensions of Early Buddhism, Delhi. Chanana, D. R. 1960.
Slavery in Ancient India, New Delhi.
Chattopadhyaya, D. P. ed. 1976.History and Society: Essays in Honour of Professor Niharranjan Ray,
Calcutta.
Gethin, Rupert 1998. The Foundations of Buddhism. Oxford and New York.
Jain, J.C. 1947. Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jaina Canons (with Commentaries),Bombay.
Gupta, Dipankar ed. 1992. Social Stratification, Delhi.
Gurukkal, Rajan 1997.From Clan and Lineage to Hereditary Occupations and
Castein Early South India. In, Nathan, Dev ed. From Tribe to Caste.Shimla. pp. 205-22. Jaiswal, S.
1998/ 2000 (reprint). Caste, Origin, Function and Dimensions of Change, Delhi.
Majumdar, R.C. ed. 1962.The Classical Age (Volume 3 of The History and Culture of the Indian
People) Bombay.
---------------1969. Corporate Life in Ancient India, 3rd edition, Calcutta.
-------------ed. 1982.A Comprehensive History of India, Vol. III, part II (AD 300- 985), New Delhi.
Majumdar, R.C. and A.D. Pusalker eds. 1951.The Vedic Age, London.
Majumdar, R.C. and K.K. Dasgupta, eds. 1981.A Comprehensive History of India, Vol.3, Pt.1.Delhi.
McCrindle, J.W. 1877. Ancient India as Described by Megasthenes and Arrian, London.
Nandi, R. N. 2000. State Formation, Agrarian Growth and Social Change in Feudal South India,c.
AD. 600-1200, Delhi.
Parasher, Aloka 1991. Mlecchas in Early India: A Study in Attitudes towards Outsiders upto AD600,
Delhi.
Parasher- Sen, Aloka ed. 2004. Subordinate and Marginal Groups in Early India,Delhi.
Roy, Kumkum (ed) 2005. Readings in Early Indian History Women in Early Indian Societies,
Manohar, New Delhi.
Sharma, R.S. and K. M. Shrimali eds.1992.The Comprehensive History of India Volume 4, Delhi.
Sharma, R. S. 1980. Sudras in Ancient India (A Social History of the Lower Order down to circaAD
600), 2nd revised edition, Delhi.
--------------1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India, Delhi.
----------------------1995. Perspectives in Economic and Social History of Ancient India., 2nd revised edition,
Delhi.
------------2001. Early Medieval Indian Society: A Study in Feudalisation, Kolkata.

Page 68 of 91
 -------------2009. Rethinking India's Past, New Delhi.
Singh, Upinder 2008.A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to
the12th Century, Delhi.
----------------ed. 2011. Rethinking Early Medieval India: A Reader, New Delhi.
Sircar, D.C. 1967. Studies in the Society and Administration of Ancient and Medieval India,
Calcutta.
Thapar, Romila 1978. Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations, New Delhi.
-----------------1984. From Lineage to State: Social Formations in the Mid-First Millennium BC in the
GangaValley, New Delhi.
------------------ed. 1995.Recent Perspectives of Early Indian History, Mumbai.
---------------2000, Cultural Pasts: Essays in Early Indian History, New Delhi.
--------------2000. History and Beyond, New Delhi.
-------------2002. Early India (from the Origins to AD 1300), London.
Yadav, B.N.S . 1973. Society and Culture in Northern India in the Twelfth Century A.D.
1978-79.
------------------The Kali Age and the Social Transition. Indian Historical Review nos. 1 and 2: 37-38.
1965. Studies in Indian History and Culture, Bombay.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/MI/204 Social life of Ancient India Minor Course-6 3 -1- 0 4 50

Unit-1 (15 hours)

Early Indian Society (till 300 CE)
Pre- historic and Proto-historic society
Beginning of the Varna hierarchy in the Vedic period-The Ashrama system and the Samskaras- Varna
and Jati- Accommodation and contestation regarding social incorporation of ‘foreigners’.
Unit-2 (10 hours)
Early Indian Society (c.300CE-1300CE)
Proliferation of castes- The Varnasankara theory, the rise of professional castes and the Varna /Jati
system
Slavery
Untouchability – Position of the antyajas
Unit-3 (15 hours)
Gender relations in Ancient India up to 300 CE
Paradigm shifts in gender studies

Page 69 of 91
 Representation of women in the Vedic literature – forms of marriage - Gender relations from the
Dharma sutras – women as donors in Inscription- Property rights - concept of Stridhana
Unit-4 (5 hours)
Gender relations in the Gupta and early medieval period
Courtesans and Devadasis
Women saints.

Reading List:
Altekar, A.S. 1962. The Position of Women in Hindu Civilization from Pre- historic times to thePresent
Day.
Bhattacharya, Narendranath. Prachin Bharatiya Samaj (Bengali)
Bhattacharya Sibesh Chandra. 1978. Some Aspects of Indian Society - From c.2nd Century B.C.to
c. 4th Century A.D.
Bhattacharji, Sukumari, Samaj O Sahitya (Bengali )
Bose, A. N. 1961. Social and Rural Economy of Northern India, 600 BC – 200 AD.2 Volumes,Calcutta.
Chakravarti, Ranabir ed. 2001. Trade in Early India, Delhi.
-----------------------------2013. Exploring Early India Up to c. AD 1300, New Delhi.
Chakravarti, Uma 1987. The Social Dimensions of Early Buddhism, Delhi. Chanana, D. R. 1960.
Slavery in Ancient India, New Delhi.
Chattopadhyaya, D. P. ed. 1976.History and Society: Essays in Honour of Professor Niharranjan Ray,
Calcutta.
Gethin, Rupert 1998. The Foundations of Buddhism. Oxford and New York.
Jain, J.C. 1947. Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jaina Canons (with Commentaries),Bombay.
Gupta, Dipankar ed. 1992. Social Stratification, Delhi.
Gurukkal, Rajan 1997.From Clan and Lineage to Hereditary Occupations and
Castein Early South India. In, Nathan, Dev ed. From Tribe to Caste.Shimla. pp. 205-22. Jaiswal, S.
1998/ 2000 (reprint). Caste, Origin, Function and Dimensions of Change, Delhi.
Majumdar, R.C. ed. 1962.The Classical Age (Volume 3 of The History and Culture of the Indian
People) Bombay.
---------------1969. Corporate Life in Ancient India, 3rd edition, Calcutta.
-------------ed. 1982.A Comprehensive History of India, Vol. III, part II (AD 300- 985), New Delhi.
Majumdar, R.C. and A.D. Pusalker eds. 1951.The Vedic Age, London.
Majumdar, R.C. and K.K. Dasgupta, eds. 1981.A Comprehensive History of India, Vol.3, Pt.1.Delhi.
McCrindle, J.W. 1877. Ancient India as Described by Megasthenes and Arrian, London.

Page 70 of 91
Nandi, R. N. 2000. State Formation, Agrarian Growth and Social Change in Feudal South India,c.
AD. 600-1200, Delhi.
Parasher, Aloka 1991. Mlecchas in Early India: A Study in Attitudes towards Outsiders upto AD600,
Delhi.
Parasher- Sen, Aloka ed. 2004. Subordinate and Marginal Groups in Early India,Delhi.
Roy, Kumkum (ed) 2005. Readings in Early Indian History Women in Early Indian Societies,
Manohar, New Delhi.
Sharma, R.S. and K. M. Shrimali eds.1992.The Comprehensive History of India Volume 4, Delhi.
Sharma, R. S. 1980. Sudras in Ancient India (A Social History of the Lower Order down to circaAD
600), 2nd revised edition, Delhi.
--------------1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India, Delhi.
----------------------1995. Perspectives in Economic and Social History of Ancient India., 2nd revised edition,
Delhi.
------------2001. Early Medieval Indian Society: A Study in Feudalisation, Kolkata.
-------------2009. Rethinking India's Past, New Delhi.
Singh, Upinder 2008.A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to
the12th Century, Delhi.
----------------ed. 2011. Rethinking Early Medieval India: A Reader, New Delhi.
Sircar, D.C. 1967. Studies in the Society and Administration of Ancient and Medieval India,
Calcutta.
Thapar, Romila 1978. Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations, New Delhi.
-----------------1984. From Lineage to State: Social Formations in the Mid-First Millennium BC in the
GangaValley, New Delhi.
------------------ed. 1995.Recent Perspectives of Early Indian History, Mumbai.
---------------2000, Cultural Pasts: Essays in Early Indian History, New Delhi.
--------------2000. History and Beyond, New Delhi.
-------------2002. Early India (from the Origins to AD 1300), London.
Yadav, B.N.S . 1973. Society and Culture in Northern India in the Twelfth Century A.D.
1978-79.
------------------The Kali Age and the Social Transition. Indian Historical Review nos. 1 and 2: 37-38.
1965. Studies in Indian History and Culture, Bombay.

Page 71 of 91
 SemeSTer-vii

Course Code Course Name Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/401 Historical Methodology Core course-16 3-1-0 4 50

Unit -1 (10 hours)

Historical facts – The historian and her facts – sources and evidence – causation in history.
Philosophy of history – critical and speculative – explanation, causation, generalization – imagination
in historical reconstruction.
Objectivity in history – judging or understanding? – Use and abuse of history.
Quantitative methods – Oral traditions – History and social sciences.
Unit- 2 (5 hours)
Pre-modern historical traditions
Unit- 3 (15 hours)
Modern historiography: documents and archives – The Berlin Revolution – Ranke – Empiricism and
Positivism
Marx and Historical Materialism
The Annales Tradition – the pioneers: Lucien Febvre and Marc Bloch – Fernand Braudel and the
Second generation – mentalite – new questions in history – History as a social science
Unit- 4 (15 hours)
The widening horizons – psychohistory – quantitative methods
Post-modernism and post-structuralism
Cultural history – Art and history – History and Ecology

Essential readings
Alier, Joan Martinez, Padua, Jose Augusto and Rangarajan, Mahesh, eds., Environmental History as if
Nature Existed, Delhi, 2010.
Aymard, Maurice and Mukhia, Harbans, eds., French Studies in History, Vol. 1, New Delhi, 1989.
Bentley, Michael, ed., Companion to Historiography, New York, 1997.
Bloch, Marc, The Historian’s Craft, Manchester, 2004.
Braudel, Fernand, On History, Chicago, 1982.
Burke, Peter, Varieties of Cultural History, Cornell, 1997.

Page 72 of 91
 Carr, E.H., What is History?, London, 2008.
Collingwood, R.G., The Idea of History, Oxford, 2008.
Erikson, Erik H., Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and History, New York, 1993.
Goldstein, Leon J., Historical Knowing, Texas, 1976.
Haskell, Francis, History and Its Images: Art and the Interpretation of the Past, New Haven, 1995.
Hobsbawm, Eric, On History, London, 2011.
Jenkins, Keith, ed., The Post Modern History Reader, London, 1997.
Marwick, Arthur, The New Nature of History, London, 2001.
Perry, Matt, Marxism and History, New York, 2002,
Roberts, Geoffrey, ed., The History and Narrative Reader, London, 2001.
Sarkar, Sumit, Writing Social History, Oxford, 1995.
Sreedharan, E., A Textbook of Historiography, Hyderabad, 2000.
Additional readings
Bentley, Michael, ed., Companion to Historiography, New York, 1997.
Braudel, Fernand, On History, Chicago, 1982.
Elton, G.R., The Practice of History, Collins, 1969.
Gardiner, Patrick, The Nature of Historical Explanation, Oxford, 1979.
Geyl, Pieter, Debates With Historians, Collins, 1962.
Himmalfarb, Gertrude, The New History and the Old, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1987.
Hobsbawm, Eric, On History, London, 2011.
Kaye, Harvey J., The British Marxist Historians, New York, 1995.
Reiner, G.J., History: Its Purpose and Method, Crown Nest, 1961.
Rigby, S.H., Marxism and History: A Critical Introduction, Manchester, 1988.
Shafer, R.J., A Guide to Historical Method, Belmont, 1983.
Stern, Fritz, ed., Varieties of History: From Voltaire to the Present, New York, 1973.
Tripathi, Amalesh, Itihas o Aitihasik, Kolkata, 1960.
Walsh, W.H., Philosophy of History: An Introduction, New York, 1968.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/402 History of India (1757-1857) Core Course-17 3-1-0 4 50

Page 73 of 91
Unit 1: (10 Hours)
Understanding the eighteenth century:
The eighteenth-century Debate
Foundation and expansion of British empire
Colonial institutions and ideologies
Unit-2: (10 hours)
Colonial economy
Land revenue systems.
Drain of wealth.
Deindustrialization.

Unit 3: (15 Hours)

Transition in society religion and culture:
Coming of Western education
Rammohun Roy and the Brahmo Samaj, Derozio and the Young Bengals,
Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar.
Social reforms outside Bengal
Hinduism and religious reforms
Islam under colonialism: Wahabi movement, Faraizi movement, Aligarh Movement
Tribal and peasant reactions: Santal rebellion, Indigo revolt

Unit 4: (10 Hours)

The revolt of 1857 and its impact
Background
Historiography
Spread
Impact

Essential readings:
Alavi, Seema, ed., The Eighteenth Century in India, New Delhi, 1986.
Bagchi, A.K., The Political Economy of Underdevelopment, Cambridge, 1982.
Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar, From Plassey to Partition and After: A History of Modern India, New Delhi,
2015.
Banerjee-Dube, Ishita, A History of Modern India, Cambridge, 2014.
Bayly, C.A., Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North India in the Age of British Expansion, Cambridge,
1983.
Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, Aupanibeshik Bharater Arthaniti, Kolkata, 2000.
Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, ed., Rethinking 1857, Delhi, 2007.
Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, The Colonial State: Theory and Practice, Delhi, 2016.
Chandra, Bipan, et. al., India’s Struggle for Independence, New Delhi, 2008.

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Chandra, Bipan, Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, Harlow, 1979.
Chandra, Bipan, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, Delhi, 1966.
Chatterjee, Partha, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis,
1993.
Marshall, P.J., Bengal: The British Bridgehead, Cambridge, 1987.
Metcalf, T.R., Ideologies of the Raj, Cambridge, 1995.
Pati, Biswamoy, ed., The 1857 Rebellion, Delhi, 2011.
Ray, Rajatkanta, Palashir Shadajantra o Sekaler Samaj, Kolkata, 2014.
Wilson, Jon, India Conquered: Britain’s Raj and the Chaos of Empire, London, 2016.

Additional readings:
Barnett, R., Rethinking Early Modern India, New Delhi, 2002.
Bayly, C.A., Imperial Meridian: The British Empire and the World 1780-1830, Harlow, 1989.
Chakraborty, Subhas Ranjan, Uprisings of 1857: Perspectives and Peripheries, Kolkata, 2009.
Chakravarty, Suhash, The Raj Syndrome: A Study in Imperial Perceptions, Delhi, 1999.
Chaudhuri, Sushil, Prelude to Empire: Plassey Revolution of 1757, Delhi, 2000.
Cohn, B., Colonialism and its Forms of Knowledge, Princeton, 2001.
Dirks, Nicholas B., Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India, Delhi, 2013.
Ghosh, Suresh Chandra, A History of Education in Modern India, 1757-2012, Delhi, 2013.
Guha, Ranajit, A Rule of Property for Bengal: An Essay on the Idea of Permanent Settlement, Paris,
1963.
Guha, Ranajit, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India, OUP, 1994.
Kumar, Dharma, ed., Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. II, Cambridge, 2007.
Metcalf, Barbara D, Thomas R Metcalf, A Concise History of Modern India, New Delhi, 2006.
Peers, D., India under Colonial Rule 1700-1885, Harlow, 2006.
Ray, Rajat Kanta, The Felt Community: Commonalty and Mentality before the Emergence of Indian
Nationalism, New Delhi, 2003.
Sarkar, Tanika, Hindu Wives, Hindu Nation: Community, Religion and Cultural Nationalism, Delhi,
2003.
Sarkar, Tanika, Rebels, Wives and Saints: Designing Selves and Nations in Colonial Times, Chicago,
2009.
Sinha, N.K., The Economic History of Bengal, 2 vols., Calcutta, 1962.
Stokes, Eric, The English Utilitarians and India, Oxford, 1959.

Page 75 of 91
 Stokes, Eric, The Peasant Armed: The Indian Rebellion of 1857, New Delhi, 1986.
Subramanian, Lakshmi, History of India, 1707-1857, New Delhi, 2010.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/403 History of India (1858-1947) Core Course-18 3-1-0 4 50

Unit 1: (6 Hours)
Understanding Indian nationalism:
Historiography
Emergence of Nationalism.

Unit 2: (10 Hours)

Foundation of Indian National Congress
The Swadeshi Movement: Moderate politics, constructive swadeshi, the extremist trends,
revolutionary activities.

Unit 3: (17 Hours)

The Gandhian Era:
Background to the rise of Gandhi
Early Gandhian movements.
Khilafat and Non-cooperation movements.
Civil Disobedience movement and contemporary trends.
Quit India Movement
Road to Independence: the INA, The Naval revolt, and the transfer of power.

Unit 4: (12 Hours)

The nation and its others:
The Dalit movement and B. R. Ambedkar.
The labour, peasant and leftist movement.
Cultural Nationalisms: Hindu, Muslim, Sikh.
The Partition: debate and impact.

Essential readings:
Bagchi, A.K., The Political Economy of Underdevelopment, Cambridge, 1982.
Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar, From Plassey to Partition and After: A History of Modern India, New Delhi,
2015.
Banerjee-Dube, Ishita, A History of Modern India, Cambridge, 2014.
Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, Aupanibeshik Bharater Arthaniti, Kolkata, 2000.
Brown, Judith, Gandhi’s Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915-1922, Cambridge, 1972.
Page 76 of 91
Chandra, Bipan, Communalism in Modern India, Delhi, 2008.
Chandra, Bipan, et. al., India’s Struggle for Independence, New Delhi, 2008.
Chandra, Bipan, Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, Harlow, 1979.
Chandra, Bipan, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, Delhi, 1966.
Chatterjee, Partha, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse, Minneapolis,
1993.
Chatterji, Joya, Spoils of Partition: Bengal and India, 1947-1967, Cambridge, 2007.
Desai, A.R., Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Mumbai, 2005.
Gould, William, Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India, Cambridge,
2004.
Hasan, Mushirul, ed., India’s Partition, New Delhi, 1993.
Low, D.A., ed., Congress and the Raj, Delhi, 2004.
Sarkar, Sumit, Modern India 1885-1947, Delhi, 1963.
Sarkar, Sumit, The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, Delhi, 1973.
Seal, Anil, The Emergence of Indian Nationalism, Cambridge, 1971.
Talbot, Ian, ed., India and Pakistan, New York, 2000.

Additional readings:

Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar ed., Nationalist Movement in India: A Reader, New Delhi, 2009.
Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar, Decolonization in South Asia, Oxon, 2009.
Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, Defining Moments in Bengal: 1920-1947, New Delhi, 2013.
Butalia, Urvashi, ed., The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India, New Delhi, 1998.
Chatterjee, Joya, Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition 1932-1947, Oxford, 1994.
Chatterjee, Partha, The Nation and its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton,
1993.
Guha, Ranajit, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India, OUP, 1994.
Hardy, Peter, The Muslims of British India, Cambridge, 1972.
Jalal, Ayesha, The Struggle for Pakistan, Cambridge Massachusetts, 2014.
Kumar, Dharma, ed., Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. II, Cambridge, 2007.
Metcalf, Barbara D, and Thomas R Metcalf, A Concise History of Modern India, New Delhi, 2006.
Pandey, Gyanendra, The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India, Delhi, 2012.

Page 77 of 91
 Ray, Rajat Kanta, The Felt Community: Commonalty and Mentality before the Emergence of Indian
Nationalism, New Delhi, 2003.
Sarkar, Tanika, Hindu Wives, Hindu Nation: Community, Religion and Cultural Nationalism, Delhi,
2003.
Sarkar, Tanika, Rebels, Wives and Saints: Designing Selves and Nations in Colonial Times, Chicago,
2009.
Tripathi, Amalesh, The Extremist Challenge, Delhi, 1967.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/404 History of Early Indian Art Core course-19 3-1-0 4 50
and Architecture
Unit-1 (12 hours)
Understanding Art History and its Historiography
Different category of Art
Shilpa shastras and its importance
Indus valley- town planning and structures
Pillar, Stūpa, early rock-cut caves, Caityagṛhas and
Vihāras – Brahamanical and Jaina caves
Unit-2: (12 hours)
Temple architecture of India: Canonical divisions
Early Indian Temple styles- Gupta temple architecture
Development of Nagara Architecture and its regional variations- Orissan Architecture with reference
to Bhubaneswar- Central Indian Architecture with reference to Khajuraho- Western India- Gop,
Modhera etc.
Temple architecture of Deccan and South India- Pallava- Chalukya- Rashtrakuta- Chola- Hoysala.

Unit-3 (12 hours)

Indian Sculptural Art
Terracotta Art of the Pre-Harappan Period
Harappan art
Maurya and Sunga Art
Gandhara and Mathura Art
Amaravati and Satavahana Art
Gupta Sculptural Art
Development of different regional schools of art
Sculptural art of Bengal
Pallava- Chalukya- Rashtrakuta- Chola Art

Unit-4 (9 hours)
Six Limbs of Indian Painting
Page 78 of 91
 Indian Rock-Shelter Paintings with special reference to Bhimbetka
Mural paintings with special reference to Ajanta, Bagh and Chola Murals.
Manuscript Paintings- Eastern and Western India of Early Medieval period.

*Visits to different Museums ( Ashutosh Museum of Indian Art, Calcutta University, Indian
Museum, Calcutta, State Archaeological Museum, Govt. of West Bengal ), and places of
Historical importance ( Study of Sculptures, Paintings and Temples).

Reading List:
Reading list:
Agarwala, V.S., Indian Art, Varanasi, 1965
Agarwala, V.S., Studies in Indian Art, Gwalior 2003
Banerji, R.D., Eastern Indian School of Medieval Sculptures, Calcutta, 1933.
Barua, B.M., Bharhut, 3 vols., Calcutta, 1934-37
Bhattacharya, Ashok, Bharater Bhaskarya, Kolkata, 2010.
Bhattacharya, T., The Canons of Indian Art or A Study on Vastuvidya, 1963
Brooks R. and V.S. Wakankar, Stone Age Painting in India, New Haven, 1976.
Brown, Percy, Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu periods), 1959
Chakravarty, K.K. and R. G. Bednarik, Indian Rock Art and Its Global Context, Bhopal, 1997.
Chandra, M., Indian Art, Bomay, 1964
Coomaraswamy, A.K., History of Indian and Indonesian Art, Delhi, 1972
Dahejia, Vidya, Early Stone Temples of Orissa, 1979
Deva, K., Temples of India 2 volumes, Delhi, 1995.
Dhaky, M.A., Indian Temple Forms, 1977
Donaldson, T.E., Hindu Temple Art of Orissa, 1985. Relevant volumes
Fergusson, J, History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, 1876
Ghosh, A.,(ed.) Ajanta Murals, New Delhi, 1987
Goetz,H., India (Art of the World), New York, 1959
Gupta, S.P., The Roots of Indian Art, Delhi, 1980
Harle, J.C., Gupta Sculpture, Oxford, 1974
Havell, E.B.,Ideals of Indian Art, London, 1911
Huntington, Susan L., The Art of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain, New York, 1985.
Kramrisch, S., Indian Sculpture, Calcutta, 1933.
Kramrisch, Stella, Hindu Temple vols 1& 2, 1946
Majumdar, R.C. (ed), The History & Culture of the Indian People.
Meister M.W., Dhaky, M.A., Deva, Krishna (eds.), Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture:
North India. relevant volumes
Mitra, Debala, Buddhist Monuments, Kolkata, 1980.
Nehru. L., Origins of the Gandharan Style, Delhi, 1989
Pant, Susheela, Origin and Development of Stupa Architecture, 1976
Ray, N.R., Maurya and Sunga Art, Calcutta, 1965
Rowland, B., Art and Architecture of India, New Delhi, 1970
Rowland, Benjamin, The Art and Architecture of India, 1967
Saraswati, S.K., A Survey of Indian Sculptures, New Delhi,1975.
Sarkar, H., and Nainar, S.P., Amaravati, New Delhi, 1972
Sharma, R.C., Buddhist Art of Mathura, Delhi, 1984

Page 79 of 91
 Sivaramamurti, C., Indian Paintings.
Sivaramamurti, C., Indian Sculpture
Soundara Rajan, K.V., Indian Temple Styles, 1972
SoundaraRajan, K.V., Cave temples of Deccan, 1981
Tomory, Edith, A History of Fine Arts in India and the west, Hyderabad, 1982.
Zimmer, H., Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization, New York, 1946
Zimmer, H., The Art of Indian Asia, 1955
Zimmer, H., The Art of Indian Asia, 2 vols 1968

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/MI/301 Heritage Studies Minor Course-7 3-1-0 4 50

Unit I: (15 hours)

Introduction to Heritage Study:
Heritage Meaning & Significance
Types of Heritage
Major Elements of the Cultural & Natural Heritage of India
World Heritage Sites in India
Role of UNESCO in Preservation of Heritage
Heritage and tourism
Unit II: (15 hours)
Preservation and Conservation of Heritage:
Definition of Preservation and Conservation
Ethics and significance; Causes of Deterioration
Preventive Measures
Conservation of Monuments
Unit III: (7 hours)
Laws governing cultural property:
The Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878
The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958
The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959
The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972
The Antiquities and Art Treasures Rules, 1973
International Laws Governing Cultural Heritage
Unit IV: (8 hours)
Heritage Management:
Concept & Relevance for Society
Role of Archaeological Study Understanding the Cultural Heritage of Our Country

Selected reading:

Page 80 of 91
 Allchin B., F.R. Allchin and B.K. Thapar eds. 1989.Conservation of the Indian Heritage, New Delhi.
Basham, A.L. ed. 2007.The Illustrated Cultural History of India, New Delhi.
Basu, J.N. 1965. Indian Museum Movement, Calcutta.
Batra, N. L. 1996. Heritage Conservation: Preservation and Restoration of Monuments, New Delhi.
Biswas, S.S. 1999. Protecting the Cultural Heritage: National Legislations and International
Conventions, New Delhi.
Chitty, Gill and David Baker eds. 1999.Managing Historic Sites and Buildings: reconciling
presentation and preservation, London.
Cleere, H. ed. 1984.Approaches to the Archaeological Heritage, Cambridge.
Dean, D. 1996. Museum Exhibition: Theory and Practice, London and New York.
Dhawan Shashi ed. 1996.Recent Trends in Conservation of Art Heritage (Dr. O.P. Agrawal Felicitation
Volume), New Delhi.
Erder Cevat 1986. Our Architectural Heritage: From Consciousness to Conservation, Paris.
Feilden, M.B.2003. Conservation of Historic Buildings, third edition, Oxford.
Ghose, Arun 1989. Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Delhi.
Harrison, R. ed. 1994.Manual of Heritage Management, Oxford.
Marshall, John 2006. Conservation Manual: A Handbook for the Use of Archaeological Officers and
Other Entrusted with the Care of Ancient Monuments, Johannesburg. Originally published in 1923 at
Kolkata.
Sarkar, H. 1981. Museums and Protection of Monuments and Antiquities in India, New Delhi.
Thapar, B.K. 1992. Our Cultural Heritage: A Reappraisal of the Existing Legislation and the Role of
INTACH in Its Preservation, New Delhi.

SemeSTer-viii
(Without Research)

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/405 Religious Ideologies in Early India: Core course-20 3 - 1- 0 3 50

Belief and Practices

Unit-1 (8 hours)
Harappan and Vedic Religion: Harappan Civilization-Archaeological findings reflecting upon the
religion of the people.

Page 81 of 91
 The Vedic pantheon and the changing pattern of life represented by a transition from nomadism to
settled agriculture -- the dominance of male gods -- sacrificial practices and the centrality of the
sacrificial rituals.
Unit-2 (15 hours)
Changing Religious Scenario: Proliferation of Sects:
Introducing the changing religious scenario: The social and political background of Jainism and
Buddhism
Emergence and development of Jainism- doctrines, practices and literature
Origins of Buddhism- The ideological background and the philosophical dimensions- doctrines,
practices and literature.
Forms of Mahayanism–Mahayanist gods and goddesses- - Ascendancy of Tantric Buddhism
Major centres of Buddhism and Jainism
Other sects: Ajivikas, Lokayatas etc.
Unit-3 (15 hours)
Brahmanical Cults:
Vaishnavism
Shaivism
Saura Cult
Shakti Cult
Ganapati
Skanda-Karttikeya
Manasa
Unit-4 (7 hours)
Temples, Monasteries and Patronage: the Temple as an institution; Patronage to temples;
Monasteries as institutions; Patronage to Monasteries

Reading List:
Essential reading:
Armstrong, Karen, Buddha, Penguin, 2001.
Bailey, Greg, and Mabbett, Ian, The Sociology of Early Buddhism, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Banerjea, J.N., Puranic and Tantric Religion, Calcutta, 1966.
Basham, A.L., The Wonder that was India, Vol. 1, London, 1954.
Bhandarkar, R. G., Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Other Minor Religious Systems, Routledge, 2014.
Bhattacharji, Sukumari, The Indian Theogony: A Comparative Study of Indian Religions from the
Vedas to the Purāṇas, Motilal Banarsidass, 2016.
Bhattacharji, Sukumari, Vede Sangshay o Nastikya, Kolkata, 2000.
Bhattacharya, Narendranath, Bharatiya Dharmer Itihas, Kolkata, 1977.
Bhattacharya, Narendranth, Dharma o Sangskriti: Prachin Bharatiya Prekshapat, Ananda, 2013.

Page 82 of 91
Bhattacharya, Narendranath, History of Tantric Religion, New Delhi, 1992.
Bhattacharya, Narendranath, History of Shakta Religion, New Delhi, 1996.
Bhattacharya, Naremdranath, Prachin Bharate Dharma, Kolkata, 1988.
Buswell, Robert E., ed., Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, McMillan, 2003.
Carrithers, Michael, Buddha, Oxford University Press, 1983.
Chakrabarti, Kunal, Religious Process, Oxford University Press, 2001.
Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad, Lokayata: A Study in Ancient Indian Materialism, Delhi, 1959.
Coburn, Thomas B., Devī Māhātmya: Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition, Motilal Banarsidass,
1988.
Coburn, Thomas B., Encountering the Goddess, State University of New York Press, 1991.
Gethin, Rupert, Foundations of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, 2008.
Hiltebeitel, Alf and Erndl, Kathleen M., Is the Goddess a Feminist?, Sheffield, 2000.
Jaiswal, Suvira, Origin and Development of Vaiṣṇavism, Delhi, 1981.
Mukherjee, B.N., Shaktir Rup: Bharate o Madhya Asiay, Ananda, 2012.
Olivelle, Patrick, ed., Upanishads, Oxford University Press, 1998.
Radhakrishnan, S., Indian Philosophy (Vols. 1-2), Oxford University Press, 2008.
Singh, Upinder, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India, Delhi, 2008.
Skilton, Andrew, A Concise History of Buddhism, Wind Horse Publication, 1997.
Staal, Frits, Discovering the Vedas, Penguin, 2008.
Tripathy, Preeti, Indian Religions: Tradition, History, Culture, Axis, 2010.
Additional reading:
Bhattacharji, Sukumari, Fatalism in Ancient India, Kolkata, 1995.
Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad, Indian Atheism, Delhi, 1969.
Davidson, Ronald M., Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement, Columbia
Univeristy Press, 2003.
Dominic, Goodall, Hindu Scriptures, University of California Press, 1996.
Dundas, Paul, The Jains, Routledge, 1992.
Easwaran, Eknath, The Upanishads, Nilgiri Press, 2007.
Eliot, Charles, Hinduism and Buddhism: A Historical Sketch, New Delhi, 2003.
Gonda, Jan, Visnuism and Sivaism: A Comparison, Bloomsbury, 2016.
Flood, Gavin, ed., The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism, Blackwell, 2003.
Glucklich, Ariel, The Strides of Vishnu: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspectives, Oxford University
Press, 2008.
Page 83 of 91
 Gombrich, Richard F., Theravāda Buddhism, Routledge, 2002.
Griswold, Hervey De Witt, The Religion of the Rigveda, Motilal Banarsidass, 1971.
Hallisey, Charles, ed., Therīgāthā: Poems of the First Buddhist Women, Harvard University Press,
2015.
Hirakawa, Akira, A History of Indian Buddhism, University of Hawaii Press, 1990.
Joshi, Kireet, The Veda and Indian Culture, Motilal Banarsidass, 1994.
Keith, A.B., The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads, Motilal Banarsidass, 2007.
Majumdar, R.C., ed, The History and Culture of the Indian People (Vols. 1-3), Bharatiya Vidya
Bhavan, 1951-54.
Malinar, Angelika, The Bhagavadgītā: Doctrines and Context, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Raychaudhuri, H.C., Materials for the Study of the Early History of the Vaishnava Sect, Calcutta, 1936.
Robinson, Richard H., and Johnson, Willard, L., eds., The Buddhist Religion: A Historical
Introduction, Wadsworth Publication, 1982.
Sharma, Shubhra, Life in the Upanishads, Abhinav Publication, 1985.
Shrava, S., A Comprehensive History of Vedic Literature: Brahmana and Aranyaka Works, Pranava,
1977.
Stein, Burton, ed., South Indian Temples: An Analytical Reconsideration, New Delhi, 1978.
Tattwananda, Swami, Vaishnava Sects, Shaiva Sects, Mother Worship, Calcutta, 1984.
Witzel, Michael, ‘On the Localisation of Vedic Texts and Schools’ in Pollet, G. (ed.), India and the
Ancient World: History, Trade and Culture before A.D.650, Department Orientalistiek, Leuven, 1987,
pp. 173-215.
Witzel, Michael, ‘Ṛgvedic History: Poets, Chieftains and Polities’ in Erdosy, George (ed.), The Indo-
Aryans of Ancient South Asia, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1995, pp. 307-354.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T- Credit Marks

P* Points

AIWH/CC/406 Early History of Southeast Asia Core Course-21 3-1-0 4 50

Unit-1 (12 hours)

Defining Southeast Asia -Peopling of Southeast Asia
Aspects of commonality as well as diversity within Southeast Asia.
An introduction to the basic cultural framework -Hunters and Gatherers
Neolithic Settlements-The Bronze Age -The Iron Age
Unit-2 (8 hours)

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 Routes of Movement from India and China to Southeast Asia-
An Overview of spheres of cultural interaction between a) countries of southeast Asia and India b)
southeast Asia and China
Notion of Indianization and Sinicization
Unit-3 (12 hours)
State formation in mainland Southeast Asia- concept of Suvarna bhumi -An introduction Funan- Pyus-
Dvaravati-Champa -Angkor
Unit-4 (13 hours)
State formation in maritime Southeast Asia – concept of Suvarna Dvipa- An introduction Early small
States in Maritime Southeast Asia- Srivijaya kingdom, Java.
Reading List:
Chakravarti, Adhir Kumar, 1985-86, Indianisation of Southeast Asia - A re-examination, in
Journal of Ancient History, Vol.XV.
Chattopadhay, Suniti Kumar, 2002(reprint), Rabindra Sangame Dvipamay Bharat o Shyamdesha,
Calcutta
Coedes, George. 1968, The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, Honolulu.
Dasgupta, Arun Kumar, 2004, Dakshin Purva Asiar Itihaser Ruprekha, Adi Parva, Kolkata.Glover,
Ian. 1994, “Recent Archaeological Evidence For Early Maritime Contacts BetweenIndia and Southeast
Asia” in Himansu Prabha Ray and J,F. Salles edited., Tradition and Archaeology Early Maritime
Contacts in the Indian Ocean, New Delhi.pp.129-144.
Hall, D.G.E., 1968, A History of Southeast Asia.
Hingham, Charles, 2002, Early Cultures of Mainland Southeast Asia, Bangkok.
Indrawooth, Phasook, 1999, Dvaravati, A critical Study Based on Archaeological Evidence,Bangkok.
Kulke, Hermann,1999, “Rivalry and Competition in the Bay of Bengal in the Eleventh Century and its
bearing on Indian Ocean Studies”, in Commerce and Culture in the Bay of Bengal, edited by Om
Prakash, New Delhi, pp.17-35.
Mabbett, Ian, 1977, “The Indianization of Southeast Asia: Reflections on the Historical Sources”,
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 8.2, 143-61.
Majumdar,R.C., 1991, Hindu Colonies in the Far East, Calcutta.
Sarkar, H.B, 1985, Cultural Relations Between India and Southeast Asia.
Sastri, Nilakanta. 1949. History of Srivijaya.
Smith, R.L. Early Southeast Asia.

Course Code Course Name Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

Page 85 of 91
AIWH/CC/407 Making of the Twentieth Century Core Course- 3-1-0 4 50
World I (1900-1945) 22

Unit- 1 (7 hours)
The onset of the twentieth century: the global context
Imperialism, European expansion, realignment of European powers and the challenge to international
security
Unit- 2 (15 hours)
The origin of the First World War and its global consequence.
The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, the establishment of the USSR and socialist reconstruction. Its
international impact.
Rise of non-European global powers- US and Japan; its implications for the world
Unit- 3 (15 hours)
The Versailles arrangement and the new international order; the elusive search for peace – The
economic depression
Rise of Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany.
The slide to the second world war; the debate about its origin.
Unit- 4 (8 hours)
National liberation movements in Asia: West Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia

Essential reading:
Additional readings
Briggs, Asa and Clavin, Patricia, Modern Europe: 1789-Present, New Delhi, 2009.
Crossley, Pamela, et. al., Global Society: The World Since 1900, Massachusetts, 2012.
Crozier, Andrew J., The Causes of the Second World War, Oxford, 1997.
Ferro, Marc, The Great War: 1914-1918, London and New York, 2002.
Gilbert, Felix, and Large, David Clay, The End of the European Era: 1890 to the Present, New York,
2002.
Hobsbawm, Eric, The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991, Massachusetts, 1995.
James, Harold, Europe Reborn: A History, Harlow, 2003.
Keylor, William R., The Twentieth Century World and Beyond: An International History since 1900,
Oxford, 2011.
Mombauer, Annika, The Origins of the First World War: Controversies and Consensus, New York,
2002.
Porter, Andrew, Imperialism, Basingstoke, 1984.
Taylor, A.J.P., Origins of the Second World War, Harmondsworth, 1990.

Page 86 of 91
 Course Code Course Name Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/408 Making of the Twentieth Core Course-23 3-1-0 4 50

Century World II (1945-1991)

Unit- 1: (15 Hours)

The end of the war and the emerging post-war world.
Dynamics of the Cold War – European and global theatres
Unit- 2: (15 Hours)
The Third World and the non-alignment movement
Decolonisation and struggle for empowerment in the Third World
Regional political organizations
Unit- 3: (10 Hours)
Neo-colonialism and oil diplomacy
The collapse of the Soviet Union and its implications
Unit- 4 (5 hours)
Towards globalization
Globalization and Unipolar World

Essential readings
Calvocoressi, Peter, World Politics since 1945, London, 2009.
Hobsbawm, Eric, The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, London, 1995.
James, Harold, Europe Reborn: A History, 1914-2000, Harlow, 2003.
Keylor, William R., A World of Nations: The International Order since 1945, Oxford, 2005.
Keylor, William, The Twentieth Century World and Beyond: An International History since 1900,
Oxford, 2011.
Additional readings
Gaddis, John Lewis, We Now Know: Rethinking the Cold War History, Oxford, 1997.
Garthoff, Raymond, The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War,
Washington, 1994.
Gilbert, Felix and Large, David Clay, The End of the European Era: 1890 to the Present, New York
2002.
Leffler, Melvyn P. and Painter, David S., eds., Origins of Cold War: An International History, London,
1994.
Westad, Odd Arne, The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times,
Cambridge, 2007.

Page 87 of 91
 Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/MI/302 Development of Buddhist, Brahmanical Minor Course-8 3 -1 - 0 4 50

and Jaina Iconography of Ancient Indian
Subcontinent

Unit-1 (6 hours)
Introduction
Definition and Significance of studying iconography: sources and terminologies related to the
subject.
Role of Ancient Indian Silpa text in the study of Iconography.
Development of Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jaina Iconography of Ancient Indian Subcontinent

Unit-2 (18 hours)

Brahmanical Iconography (Any three)
Development of iconography of Vishnu
Development of iconography of Surya
Development of iconography of Siva
Development of iconography of Goddess- Durga Mahishasuramardini Matrika Images-Camunda

Unit-3 (12 hours)

Buddhist Iconography
Origin and Development of Buddhist Images
Aniconic representation of the Buddha- Concept and Meaning
Transcendant Buddha in Texts and Iconography
Bodhisattva: Concept and symbolism- Avalokitesvara
Female Buddhist deities- Tara, Prajnaparamita.
Jaina Iconography
Main Iconographic features of the Tirthankara images

Unit-4 (9 hours)
Documentation
Identification of an image
Preparation of Catalogue on Iconography.

*Students would identify an icon (Brahmanical, Buddhist and Jaina) and make an iconoplastic
study of the images kept in different Museums in Kolkata (Ashutosh Museum of Indian Art,
Calcutta University, Indian Museum, Calcutta, State Archaeological Museum, Govt. of West
Bengal, Haraprasad Sastri Museum, The Sanskrit College & University).

Reading List:

Agrawala, P.K. 1994. Studies in Indian Iconography. Jaipur Publication Scheme.

Page 88 of 91
 Banerjea, J.N. 1974. Development of Hindu Iconography. New Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal.
Bhattacharya, B. 1958. Indian Buddhist Iconography. Calcutta.
Bhattcharya, A.K. 2010. Historical Development of Jaina Iconography (A Comprehensive Study),
Delhi.
Bunce, Frederick W. 2005. Mudras in Buddhist and Hindu Practices. An Iconographic Consideration,
D. K. Printworld, New Delhi.
Chandra, Lokesh. 1987. Buddhist Iconography. 2 Vols. New Delhi.
Coomaraswamy, Ananda. K., 2008. Elements of Buddhist Iconography. New Delhi, Munshiram
Manoharlal.
Gopinath Rao, T.A. 1985 (2nded.) Elements of Hindu Iconography. Varanasi, Motilal Banarsidass.
Gupte, R.S. 1971. Iconography of Hindus, Buddhists and Jainas. Bombay.
Krishnan,Y. 1996. The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development. New Delhi.
Nagar, Shanti Lal. 1988. Mahishasuramardini in Indian Art. New Delhi.
Singh, A.P. 2010. Geometrical Patterns of Ancient Icons. Agam Kala Prakashan.
Werner, Karel. Symbols in Art and Religion. The Indian and the Comparative Perspectives, New Delhi.
Zimmer, Heinrich. 2010. Myths and Symbolism Indian Art and Civilization. New Delhi.

SemeSTer-viii
(With Research)

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/CC/405 Students can choose any one core Core Course 3-1-0 4 50
course from 405, 406, 407, and 408.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/MI/302 Development of Buddhist, Minor Course 3-1-0 4 50

Brahmanical and Jaina
Iconography of Ancient Indian
Subcontinent
Unit-1 (6 hours)
Introduction
Definition and Significance of studying iconography: sources and terminologies related to the
subject.
Page 89 of 91
 Role of Ancient Indian Silpa text in the study of Iconography.
Development of Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jaina Iconography of Ancient Indian Subcontinent

Unit-2 (18 hours)

Brahmanical Iconography (Any three)
Development of iconography of Vishnu
Development of iconography of Surya
Development of iconography of Siva
Development of iconography of Goddess- Durga Mahishasuramardini Matrika Images-Camunda

Unit-3 (12 hours)

Buddhist Iconography
Origin and Development of Buddhist Images
Aniconic representation of the Buddha- Concept and Meaning
Transcendant Buddha in Texts and Iconography
Bodhisattva: Concept and symbolism- Avalokitesvara
Female Buddhist deities- Tara, Prajnaparamita.
Jaina Iconography
Main Iconographic features of the Tirthankara images

Unit-4 (9 hours)
Documentation
Identification of an image
Preparation of Catalogue on Iconography.

*Students would identify an icon (Brahmanical, Buddhist and Jaina) and make an iconoplastic
study of the images kept in different Museums in Kolkata (Ashutosh Museum of Indian Art,
Calcutta University, Indian Museum, Calcutta, State Archaeological Museum, Govt. of West
Bengal, Haraprasad Sastri Museum, The Sanskrit College & University).

Reading List:

Agrawala, P.K. 1994. Studies in Indian Iconography. Jaipur Publication Scheme.

Banerjea, J.N. 1974. Development of Hindu Iconography. New Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal.
Bhattacharya, B. 1958. Indian Buddhist Iconography. Calcutta.
Bhattcharya, A.K. 2010. Historical Development of Jaina Iconography (A Comprehensive Study),
Delhi.
Bunce, Frederick W. 2005. Mudras in Buddhist and Hindu Practices. An Iconographic Consideration,
D. K. Printworld, New Delhi.
Chandra, Lokesh. 1987. Buddhist Iconography. 2 Vols. New Delhi.
Coomaraswamy, Ananda. K., 2008. Elements of Buddhist Iconography. New Delhi, Munshiram
Manoharlal.

Page 90 of 91
 Gopinath Rao, T.A. 1985 (2nded.) Elements of Hindu Iconography. Varanasi, Motilal Banarsidass.
Gupte, R.S. 1971. Iconography of Hindus, Buddhists and Jainas. Bombay.
Krishnan,Y. 1996. The Buddha Image: Its Origin and Development. New Delhi.
Nagar, Shanti Lal. 1988. Mahishasuramardini in Indian Art. New Delhi.
Singh, A.P. 2010. Geometrical Patterns of Ancient Icons. Agam Kala Prakashan.
Werner, Karel. Symbols in Art and Religion. The Indian and the Comparative Perspectives, New Delhi.
Zimmer, Heinrich. 2010. Myths and Symbolism Indian Art and Civilization. New Delhi.

Course Code Course Title Course Type L-T-P Credit Marks

AIWH/RP/409 Research Project Research Project 12 12 As

appropriate

Page 91 of 91