Lecture 3 - 00 Policy Implementation
Lecture 3 - 00 Policy Implementation
Policy Implementation
WHERE ARE
WE? POLICY
PERFORMANCE
POLICY ASSESSMENT POLICY FORMULATION
Evaluation Problem
Structuring
Forecasting
Structuring
Structuring
Problem
Problem
POLICY
PROBLEM
POLICY OUTCOMES POLICY FUTURES
Problem
Structuring
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION POLICY ADOPTION
AGENDA SETTING
Recommend
Monitoring ation
POLICY ACTIONS
Figure 1. The
Policy
Development
Process in
DepEd
What is policy
implementation?
Answer through:
https://www.menti.com/zs95hctcmk
Code: 3383 7825
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
• “The process by which policies enacted by
government are put into effect by the relevant
agencies” (Birkland, 2001)
• “Implementation as the carrying out of a basic
policy decision, usually incorporated in a
statute but which can also take the form of
important executive orders or court decisions”
(Mazmanian and Sabatier, 1983)
• “Policy implementation is a function of
program/project implementation and their
outcomes” (Grindle, 1980)
Revised Version by PS-PRD
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
• Public policies are not self-executing!
• Implementation involves many important actors
holding diffuse and competing goals and
expectations who work within a context of an
increasingly large and complex mix of
government programs that require
participation from numerous layers and units of
government and who are affected by power
factors beyond their control
STANDARDS AND
OBJECTIVES
RESOURCES
Top Down
Top Down Approach
Approach
Combined
Approach
Bottom Up Bottom Up
Approach
Approach
STANDARDS AND
OBJECTIVES
Limited /
Competent Controlled
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THE DISPOSITION OF
IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
POLICY IMPLEMENTORS
PERFORMANCE
Adequate
RESOURCES
No crippling
constraints
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND
POLITICAL CONDITIONS
• “Street-level
bureaucrats” – policy is
made by them at the
local level
• “Backward mapping” –
Bottom Up
plans are made at the
Approach field to justify policy
goals
• “Street-level
bureaucrats”
• Discretion of
implementers
• Flexible strategies to
Bottom Up
allow adaptation to local
Approach difficulties and contextual
factors
STANDARDS AND
OBJECTIVES
Competent
street level Discretion
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THE DISPOSITION OF
IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
POLICY IMPLEMENTORS
PERFORMANCE
Often
inadequate
Economic, Social and Political No crippling constraints Competing factors at the local
Conditions level
• Unintended /
unforeseen
negative
consequences
http://bit.ly/Policy_ImplementationExerciseIVA
Undefined accountable
actors to implement the
policy
Incompetent
implementers
Process flow of
implementing office