5

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
The Menstrual Cycle

CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
Science – Grade 5
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2: The Menstrual Cycle
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Pia S. Catan
Editors: Lainez C. Mendigo, Denise Arni V. Casas, Maria Teresa S. Abuyen
Reviewers: Chona Kierulf, Christie S. Jamoralin, Allan Carl B. Gumera
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Ryan R. Tiu Ismael T. Posion
Rowena T. Vacal Mauricio M. Catan
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Telefax: 053 – 323-3156
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 5

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
The Menstrual Cycle
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each
SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or
if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 Lesson
The Menstrual Cycle
3

What I Need to Know

Puberty is the process of body changes that causes a child’s body to become
capable of reproduction. Every adolescent boys and girls who is about to enter
puberty should be taught or should know the basic medical definition of
menstruation and that it is a normal process that females go through as their bodies
prepare themselves for potential pregnancy. It is a part of the monthly menstrual
cycle that occur in the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible.

Menstruation is a process that occurs in a woman. This is the regular

discharging of blood and other materials from the lining of the uterus and occurs on
a one-month interval from puberty until menopause, except during pregnancy. This
lasts for about 3-5 days.

In this module, you will be able to explain the menstrual cycle and the specific
events that take place in each cycle.

Note: Use a separate sheet for your answers in all the activities in this module.

1
CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
 What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. In a normal 28-day menstrual cycle when would you expect ovulation to take
place?

A. Day 11 C. Day 13
B. Day 12 D. Day 14

2. Where are the hormones estrogen and progesterone produced?

A. Adrenal Gland C. Hypothalamus

B. Anterior Pituitary D. Ovary

3. During the menstrual cycle, progesterone levels are at their highest during the
________.

A. Follicular phase C. Menstruation

B. Luteal phase D. Ovulation

4. The term that refers to painful menstruation is _____________.

A. Dysmenorrhea C. Oligomenorrhea
B. Menorrhagia D. Polymenorrhea

5. The term used to describe excessive volume of menstruation is ______________.

A. Dysmenorrhea C. Oligomenorrhea
B. Menorrhagia D. Polymenorrhea

6. What part of the uterus becomes thicker in preparation for the implantation of
the fertilized egg?

A. Cervix C. Fallopian tube

B. Endometrium D. Ovary

7. What happens to the egg cell while menstruation is going on?

A. It dies.
B. It is fertilized.
C. It starts to mature.
D. It travels to the fallopian tube.

2 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
8. How many days does the egg take to travel to the uterus when it is released from
the ovarian follicle?

A. 2-3 C. 4-5
B. 3-4 D. 5-6

9. It is a yellow structure in the ovary that produces estrogen and large amounts of
progesterone.

A. Endometrium C. Corpus luteum

B. Estrogen D. Follicle – stimulating hormone

10. Myra who is a grade five pupil did not notice that she stained her skirt with
blood due to menstruation. What will you do?

A. Ignore her.
B. Laugh at her for not being cautious.
C. Tell others that Myra has bloodstain so they can start teasing her.
D. Tell her in private that she has bloodstain and help her change her
pad.

3 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
 What’s In

In the discussion of the menstrual cycle, the parts of female reproductive

organ are necessary to be reviewed. Let’s look back at the parts and corresponding
functions of the female reproductive organ.

Directions: Below are parts of the human reproductive system. Choose the part of
the reproductive system described. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1.Which part of the female reproductive system produces eggs and hormones?

A. fallopian tube C. uterus

B. ovary D. vagina

2. Which of the statements below describes the uterus?

A. It ejaculates the semen.

B. It is a tube that leads the egg from the ovary.
C. It is also called the womb is shaped like an upside-down pear where the
unborn baby is developed.
D. It produces a sugar- rich fluid that provides sperm with a source of energy
to help them move.

3. Where does successful fertilization of the egg normally occur?

A. endometrium C. fallopian tube

B. ovary D. vagina

4. It is a narrow opening between the uterus and vagina which enlarges to let the
passage of a fetus during birth.

A. ovary C. vagina
B. cervix D. fallopian tube

5. Which of the following is not part of the female reproductive system?

A. kidney C. cervix
B. ovary D. fallopian tube

4 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
 What’s New

Activity 1

Directions: Study the illustration of the menstrual cycle below. Identify the phase
being illustrated in each part of the cycle. Choose your answer from the
pool of options in the box.

1._____________________
_____

2. ____________
4._____________
Menstrual Cycle
_______

3. _____________________

Figure 1. The Menstrual Cycle

Follicular Phase Menstrual Phase

Luteal Phase Ovulation Phase

5 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
Activity 2

Directions: Below are the phases of menstrual cycle. Read each statement and
rearrange the letters of the jumbled word to form the word described in
each item.

1. LEULTA HESPHA: _____________________________

After ovulation occurs, the follicle develops into a hormone producing
structure called the corpus luteum.

2. LAUVOITNO SEHAP: ___________________________

If you have regular 28-day menstrual cycle, this phase usually occurs
on day 14.

3. CURALLLIOF ESPHA: __________________________

In this phase, the lining of the uterus starts to grow, or proliferate due
to hormone estrogen.

4. STLUAEMNR EPAHS: __________________________

It is a woman’s monthly bleeding, commonly referred to as your period.

6 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
 What is It

Phases of Menstrual Cycle

➢ Menstrual Phase (Menstruation)

This commonly referred to as “period” or the woman’s monthly bleeding. The

first menstrual bleeding of a woman is called Menarche. It signals the possibility of
getting pregnant. Menstrual blood, known as menses, is shed from the thickened
lining of the uterus, known as endometrium. Menstrual blood from the uterus passes
through the cervix, to the vagina, and out through the vaginal opening. This fluid
may be bright red, light pink, or even brown. During menstruation, some eggs begin
to mature in the ovaries. As the eggs develop, the surrounding cells release the
estrogen hormone into the bloodstream. This is the time when cramping and
abdominal pains occur. The contraction of the uterine and the abdominal muscles
that help in expelling the menstrual fluid also causes the cramps to be felt.
There are also different types of menstrual disorder that can be felt during
menstruation. First is the Dysmenorrhea which is the medical term for painful
menstrual periods which are caused by uterine contractions. It has two types;
the primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is common menstrual cramps
that are recurrent while secondary dysmenorrhea results from reproductive system
disorders. Second is the Menorrhagia that is a prolonged and excessively heavy
menstrual bleeding at regular menstrual cycle intervals. Third is the
Oligomenorrhea which is defined irregular and inconsistent menstrual blood flow
in a woman. It is also about missing a period or occasional irregularity of a menstrual
cycle. Lastly is the Polymenorrhea which is a term used to describe a menstrual
cycle that is shorter than 21 days. It is a form of abnormal uterine bleeding. For some
women a shorter cycle length may just be normal, but for others it can be caused by
certain medical condition. Women with polymenorrhea may also find that their
periods are irregular or unpredictable.

Uterus sheds
its inner lining
Menstrual fluid

Figure 2. The Menstrual Phase

7 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
➢ Follicular Phase (Day 1-13)

This phase also starts on the first day of menstruation, but it ends up to the
thirteenth day of the menstrual cycle. In this phase, the lining of the uterus starts to
grow or proliferate due to hormone known as estrogen. As the estrogen level
increases, menstrual bleeding stops, and the lining of the uterus thickens in
preparation for receiving a fertilized egg. The increase in estrogen also causes the
pituitary gland to release a hormone that travels to the ovaries, stimulates the egg
cells in the ovaries to grow, and causes the most mature egg to be released. One of
these egg cells starts to mature in a sac–like structure called follicle. Each follicle
contains an egg. It takes 13 days for the egg cell to reach maturity. As the egg cell
matures, its follicle secretes a hormone stimulating the uterus to develop a lining of
blood vessels and soft tissue called endometrium. The endometrium starts to develop
to receive the fertilized egg. Late in the follicular phase, only a single follicle will
release an egg.

Figure 3. The Follicular Phase

➢ Ovulation Phase (Day 14)

In the regular 28-day menstrual cycle, the ovulation usually occurs on day
14. The pituitary gland secretes a hormone that causes the ovary to release the
matured egg cell. The released egg cell is swept into the fallopian tube by the cilia
of the fimbriae. Fimbriae are finger-like projections located at the end of the fallopian
tube close to the ovaries, and cilia are slender hair-like projections on each fimbria.
When a mature egg (ovum) is released from the ovarian follicle to the nearest fallopian
tube during the menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs. As the egg moves down the
fallopian tube for several days, the lining of the uterus continues to grow thicker and
thicker. The egg then travels into the uterus. It takes about three to four days for
the egg to travel toward the uterus. If fertilization is to occur, it must happen within
24 hours of ovulation or the egg’s life lapses.

8 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
 Fimbriae

Figure 4. The Ovulation Phase

➢ Luteal Phase (Day 15-28)

This phase starts on the fifteenth day and lasts up to the end of the cycle.
After the ovulation occurs, the follicle develops into a hormone-producing structure
called the corpus luteum. This is a yellow structure in the ovary that produces
estrogen and large amounts of progesterone. This hormone signals the uterus to
thicken. The walls of the uterus thicken with many blood vessels to provide nutrients
for the coming baby if in case a sperm fertilizes the egg. If the egg is not fertilized,
the thickening of the uterus breaks down and comes out of the body through the
menstruation. Then, the menstrual cycle repeats itself. For females who have normal
periods, the cycle is repeated four weeks or 28 days. However, the cycle varies and
is affected by a lot of
factors.

corpus luteum

Figure 5. The Luteal Phase

9 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
 What’s More

Activity 1
Directions: Match the concepts about menstruation in Column A with the terms in
Column B. Write the letter of your answer.

A B
1. This hormone stimulates your ovaries a. endometrium
to produce around 5 to 20 small b. ovulation
sacs called follicles. c. menstruation
2. The first occurrence of menstruation. d. menarche
3. This occurs when fertilization e. Follicle - Stimulating Hormone
does not take place.
4. This is the lining of the uterus that
becomes thicker in preparation
for implantation of the fertilized egg.
5. At this stage, the process of fertilization
may take place.

Activity 2

Directions: Identify what phase of menstrual cycle is described in each number.

1. The lining of the uterus becomes thin after menstruation. An egg in the ovary
continues to mature. Just before the mid-cycle, the mature egg moves to the
surface of the ovary.

2. The lining of the uterus called endometrium becomes thicker in preparation for
implantation of the fertilized egg. If fertilization does not take place, menstruation
happens. The next cycle is then about to begin.

3. This occurs when fertilization does not take place. The uterine lining begins to
break down and bleeding results. Menstrual fluid contains blood cells and mucus
flow and lasts from 3 to 7 days.

4. The mature egg is released and travels to the fallopian tube and toward the uterus.

10 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
Activity 3
Directions: Rewrite the following statements on your notebook. By writing numbers
1-10 before the item, rearrange the statements based on how a
menstrual cycle occurs.

1. The process of fertilization may take place.

2. A new egg cell starts to mature within the ovary.
3. The lining of the uterus becomes thin after bleeding.
4. The mature egg travels from the ovary to the uterus.
5. Uterine linings begin to break down and bleeding results.
6. An egg in the ovary continues to mature.
7. The endometrium or lining of the uterus becomes thicker in preparation for the
implantation of the fertilized egg.
8. The mature egg is released.
9. The mature egg moves to the surface of the ovary just before the mid-cycle.
10. The next menstrual cycle is then about to begin.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Identify the phase of the menstrual cycle below then write the events that
happen in specific phase of menstrual cycle. Copy the table under the
figure to show your answer.
1.

4. 2.

Menstrual Cycle

3.

Figure 6. The Menstrual Cycle

11 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
 Menstrual Phase Description
1
2.
3.
4.

What I Can Do

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly. Use the rubrics below to give
yourself a score on the essay that you made.

Question for Boys: What significant insights have you gained from the module that
help you understand the situation that females go through in
this cycle of life?

Question for Girls: What preparation will you do in this phase of life cycle that will
help you accept the change that your body will go through as
you enter the puberty stage?

Rubrics for Essay Output

Criteria 4 3 2 1

Organization Follows a correct Follows a correct It is easy to It is

arrangement of arrangement of understand, unorganized,
ideas. It is easy ideas. It is easy neat, and difficult to
to understand, to understand, presentable. understand and
follow, and clear follow, and clear follow.
to read; visually to read.
appealing and
relevant to the
discussed ideas.

Content The insights are The insights are The insights are The ideas show
comprehensively moderately minimally no insight,
discussed, with discussed, and discussed, and understanding o
deep the thoughts are the thoughts are reflective
understanding reflective and reflective and thought
of the idea, and convincing. convincing.
the thoughts are
reflective and
convincing.

12 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
 Assessment

Directions: Which phase of the menstrual cycle is being explained by the

statements below? Is it menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulation
phase or luteal phase? Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. The mature egg moves to the surface of the ovary just before the mid-cycle.
2. Uterine linings begin to break down and bleeding results.
3. The mature egg travels from the ovary to the uterus.
4. The endometrium becomes thicker in preparation for the implantation of the
fertilized egg.
5. A new egg cell starts to mature within the ovary.
6. The next menstrual cycle is then about to begin.
7. The lining of the uterus becomes thin after bleeding.
8. An egg in the ovary continues to mature.
9. The mature egg is released.
10. The process of fertilization may take place.

Additional Activities

Directions: Ask your older female friends, sisters, or mother about their experiences
during menstruation or “period”. Write down some challenges that they
have met and how did they deal about it. Copy and use the table below,
then give hygienic practices during menstruation.

Challenges What they have done

Common Hygienic Practices during Menstruation

Take a shower or bath at least once a day
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

13 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2 14
What’s More What’s More
Activity 1 Activity 3
1.e 1. 8 The mature egg is released.
2. 2 Anew egg cell starts to mature within the ovary
2.d
3. 3 The lining of the uterus become thin after bleeding
3.c 4. 7 The endometrium or lining of the uterus becomes
thicker in preparation for the implantation of the
4.a .
fertilized egg.
5.b 5. 1The process of fertilization may take place.
6. 4 The mature egg travels from the ovary to the uterus.
What’s More
7. 9 The mature egg moves to the surface of the ovary just
Activity 2
before the mid-cycle.
1. Follicular Phase
8. 6 An egg in the ovary continues to mature.
2. Luteal Phase
9. 5 Uterine linings begin to break down and bleeding
3. Menstrual Phase
results.
4. Ovulation Phase
10. 10 The next menstrual cycle is then about to begin.
What’s New What’s In What I Know
Activity 1 1.b 1. D
1. Menstrual Phase 2. c 2. D
2. Follicular Phase 3. c 3. B
3. Ovulation Phase 4. b 4. A
4. Luteal Phase 5. a 5. B
Activity 2 6. B
7. C
1.Luteal Phase
8. B
2.Ovulation Phase
9. C
3. Follicular Phase 10. D
4.Menstrual Phase
Answer Key
CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2 15
Assessment
Additional Activity (Possible Answer) 1. Follicular Phase
Dysmenorrhea is one of the common 2. Menstrual Phase
menstrual problems. You can be relieved with 3. Ovulation Phase
it by placing a heating pad or hot water 4. Luteal Phase
bottle on your lower back or abdomen. 5. Menstrual Phase
6. Luteal Phase
7. Follicular Phase
8. Follicular Phase
9. Ovulation Phase
10. Ovulation Phase
What I have Learned
1. The uterus sheds its inner lining of soft tissue and blood vessels which exit
the body from the vagina.
2. Development of the lining of the blood vessels and soft tissue.
3. The ovary releases the matured egg cell.
4. Leads to the next menstrual cycle.
References

Department of Education. 2013. "Science and Health BEAM 5 Unit 1 DLP 4: The
Menstrual Cycle."
Department of Education. n.d. "Learning Material (Science) Grade 5 Quarter 2".
Cabanatuan City: DepEd SDO Cabanatuan City.
"Phases of Menstrual Cycle". 2020. Menstrupedia.Com.
https://www.menstrupedia.com/articles/girls/cycle-phases.

16 CO_Q2_Science 5_ Module 2
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