BUNPACKING THE MODERATORS: EXAMINING HOW INDIVIDUAL

FACTORS SHAPE THE INFLUENCE OF PECS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL

INTENTIONS AMONG ENTREPRENEURSHIP STUDENTS

Dear participant,
Thank you for joining our study on the interplay between individual factors, Personal
Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs), and entrepreneurial intentions in entrepreneurship
students. This survey, taking around 15-20 minutes, seeks your honest and best-possible
answers without right or wrong judgments. Rest assured, your responses remain confidential
and solely for academic purposes, potentially contributing to summarized research findings.
By continuing, you confirm understanding and voluntary participation, with the freedom to
withdraw anytime.

I. Individual Factors. This section gathers basic personal information and background
details that help us understand the diverse experiences and contexts of entrepreneurship
students. Please select the option that best describes you for each question.

1. Gender assigned at [ ] Male [ √] Female

birth:
2. College year level: [ ] 1st year [ ] 2nd year [ ] 3rd year [√]4th year

3. Prior Entrepreneurial Experience:

[ √] 1: No direct entrepreneurial experience.
[ ] 2: Minimal experience (participated in entrepreneurial events/competitions, helped
with a family business in a limited way).
[ ] 3: Some experience (completed entrepreneurial projects for coursework, attempted
to launch a small-scale venture).
[ ] 4: Moderate experience (have started and run a student business, interned at a
startup).
[ ] 5: Extensive experience (have already started and run one or more businesses
outside of coursework).

4. Family’s Socioeconomic Status:

[ √] Lower income (less than P15,000 per month)
[ ] Lower-Middle income (P15,000 to P30,000 per month)
[ ] Middle income (P30,000 to P60,000 per month)
[ ] Upper-Middle income (P60,000 to P120,000 per month)
[ ] High income (Over P120,000 per month)

Social Network:
5. How often do you engage with professional or entrepreneurial networks or communities?
[ ] Very frequently [ ] Frequently [ ] [ ] Rarely [√ ] Never
Occasionally
6. How would you rate the importance of these networks or communities in
your entrepreneurial activities?
[ ] Very important [√ ] Somewhat [ ] Neutral [ ] Somewhat [ ] Not at all
important not important important

Technological Proficiency:
7. How would you rate your proficiency with technology and digital tools?
[ ] Expert [ ] Proficient [ ] Competent [ √] Basic [ ] Novice
8. Comfort with Using Emerging Technologies in Entrepreneurship
[ ] Very [] [√ ] Neutral [] [ ] Very
Comfortable Comfortable Uncomfortable Uncomfortabl
e
II. Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies. This section assesses your personal
entrepreneurial competencies. Your responses will help us understand how various
competencies relate to entrepreneurial intentions. You will find statements relating to
entrepreneurial competencies. Please indicate how often each statement applies to you
using the following scale:
5 – Always
4 – Usually
3 – Sometimes
2 – Rarely
1 – Never

How frequently do you demonstrate the following

Sometime
entrepreneurial behaviors?

Usually
Always

Rarely

Never
s
1. I look for things that need to be done. 5 4 3 2 1
2. When faced with a difficult problem, I spend a lot of time 5 4 3 2 1
trying to find a solution.
3. I complete my work on time. 5 4 3 2 1
4. It bothers me when things are not done very well. 5 4 3 2 1
5. I prefer situations in which I can control the outcomes as 5 4 3 2 1
much as possible.
6. I like to think about the future. 5 4 3 2 1
7. When starting a new task or project, I gather a great deal of 5 4 3 2 1
information before going ahead.
8. I plan a large project by breaking it down into smaller tasks. 5 4 3 2 1
9. I get others to support my recommendations. 5 4 3 2 1
10. I feel confident that I will succeed at whatever I try to do. 5 4 3 2 1
11. No matter whom I'm talking to, I'm a good listener. 5 4 3 2 1
12. I do things that need to be done before being asked to do so 5 4 3 2 1
by others.
13. I try several times to get people to do what I would like 5 4 3 2 1
them to do.
14. I keep the promises I make. 5 4 3 2 1
15. My own work is better than that of other people I work 5 4 3 2 1
with.
16. I don't try something new without making sure I will 5 4 3 2 1
succeed.
17. It's a waste of time to worry about what to do with your life. 5 4 3 2 1
18. I seek the advice of people who know a lot about the tasks 5 4 3 2 1
I'm working on.
19. I think about the advantages and disadvantages of different 5 4 3 2 1
ways of accomplishing things.
20. I do not spend much time thinking about how to influence 5 4 3 2 1
others.
21. I change my mind if others disagree strongly with me. 5 4 3 2 1
22. I feel resentful when I don't get my way. 5 4 3 2 1
23. I like challenges and new opportunities. 5 4 3 2 1
24. When something gets in the way of what I'm trying to do, I 5 4 3 2 1
keep on trying to accomplish what I want.
25. I am happy to do someone else's work if necessary to get the 5 4 3 2 1
 job done on time.
26. It bothers me when my time is wasted. 5 4 3 2 1
27. I weigh my chances of succeeding or failing before I decide 5 4 3 2 1
to do something.
28. The more specific I can be about what I want out of life, the 5 4 3 2 1
more chance I have to succeed.
29. I take action without wasting time gathering information. 5 4 3 2 1
30. I try to think of all the problems I may encounter and plan 5 4 3 2 1
what to do if each problem occurs.
31. I get important people to help me accomplish my goals. 5 4 3 2 1
32. When trying something difficult or challenging, I feel 5 4 3 2 1
confident that I will succeed.
33. In the past, I have had failures. 5 4 3 2 1
34. I prefer activities that I know well and with which I am 5 4 3 2 1
comfortable.
35. When faced with major difficulties, I quickly go on to other 5 4 3 2 1
things.
36. When I'm doing a job for someone, I make a special effort 5 4 3 2 1
to make sure that the person is happy with my work.
37. I'm never entirely happy with the way in which things are 5 4 3 2 1
done; I always think there must be a better way.
38. I do things that are risky. 5 4 3 2 1
39. I have a very clear plan for my life. 5 4 3 2 1
40. When working for a project for someone, I ask many 5 4 3 2 1
questions to be sure I understand what the person wants.
41. I deal with problems as they arise rather than spend time to 5 4 3 2 1
anticipate them.
42. In order to reach my goals, I think of solutions that benefit 5 4 3 2 1
everyone involved in the problem.
43. I do very good work. 5 4 3 2 1
44. There have been occasions when I took advantage of 5 4 3 2 1
someone.
45. I try things that are very new and different from what I have 5 4 3 2 1
done before.
46. I try several ways to overcome things that get in the way of 5 4 3 2 1
reaching my goals.
47. My family and personal life are more important to me than 5 4 3 2 1
work deadlines I set for myself.
48. I find ways to complete tasks faster at work and at home. 5 4 3 2 1
49. I do things that others consider risky. 5 4 3 2 1
50. I am as concerned about meeting my weekly goals as I am 5 4 3 2 1
for my yearly goals.
51. I go to several different sources to get information to help 5 4 3 2 1
with tasks or projects.
52. If one approach to a problem does not work, I think of 5 4 3 2 1
another approach.
53. I am able to get people who have strong opinions or ideas to 5 4 3 2 1
change their minds.
54. I stick with my decisions even if others disagree strongly 5 4 3 2 1
with me.
55. When I don't know something, I don't mind admitting it. 5 4 3 2 1
III. Entrepreneurial Intentions. This final section focuses on your intentions regarding
entrepreneurship. Understanding your intentions will help us explore how competencies
and individual factors influence these goals. For each statement, please indicate your level
of agreement using the scale provided:
5 – Strongly Agree
4 – Agree
3 – Neutral
2 – Disagree
1 – Strongly Disagree

To what extent do you agree with the following statements

Strongly

Strongly
Disagre

Disagre
Neutral
regarding your entrepreneurial intentions?

Agree

Agree

e
1. I have the firm intention to start a firm someday. 5 4 3 2 1
2. I will make every effort to start and run my own firm. 5 4 3 2 1
3. I am ready to do anything to be an entrepreneur. 5 4 3 2 1
4. I am determined to create a firm in the future. 5 4 3 2 1
5. I have very seriously thought of starting a firm. 5 4 3 2 1
6. I have the strong intention to start a firm someday. 5 4 3 2 1