DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

LAOAG CITY

EXPLORING THE DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY THE REVIEWEES

OF DCCP LAOAG IN ATTENDING CRIMINOLOGY REVIEW CENTER
AT PRUDENCE RESEARCH AND REVIEW CENTER

MEMBERS:
CASTRES, BRYAN T.
CATAGUE, JOEL B. JR.
ESPIRITU, MIKE ANGEL
MALINAY, ROGELYN T.
PATRICIO, RHUNALD
SACLAYAN, CZARINA JEZREEL G.
TIBURCIO, ELY MAR V.
ULIT, PATRICK V.

MR. MATHEW LANGBIS

INSTRUCTOR
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Bachelor of Science in Criminology is a program that leads to several work

paths in the law enforcement, corrections, public security and criminal justice

administration. According to Agas (2008), criminology focused on the study of crime, the

causes of crime, the meaning of crime in terms of law, and community reaction to crime.

It also deals with the scientific study of criminals and criminal behavior.

A graduate of Baccalaureate degree in Criminology is required to pass the

Licensure Examination from the Professional Regulation Commission of the Philippines

to be considered as Licensed Criminologist in order to be given full authority to practice

the profession. This is mandated under Republic Act No. 6506 which states that “the

law creating the Board of Criminology. Once licensed as a criminologist, it gives the

holder an open door to enter several options of employment in the private and public

sector as well as in the international arena. A licensed criminologist is said to be a

generalist as he can perform services offered in law enforcement and public safety

administration, forensic sciences, security industries, training and education sectors,

and other related services”. Certified criminologists shall be eligible for appointment as

Police Officer 1 in chartered cities and municipalities, provided they possess the general

qualifications for appointment provided in Section 14 of RA8551.

A Criminologists job includes practice in the field of Law Enforcement as an

agent, adviser or administrator; as a technician in dactyloscopy, ballistics and other

scientific aspects of crime detection; as an officer in any correctional and penal

institution; as a counselor in various agencies such as those involved in criminal

research or public welfare; or as a teacher or instructor of Criminology subjects in

universities (“BS in Criminology in the Philippines”, n.d.).

 Normally, the BS Criminology program takes 4 years to complete. Board

Examination is scheduled twice a year in the months of April and October. The main

subjects of the board exam include Criminal Jurisprudence, Procedure and Evidence;

Law Enforcement Administration; Criminalistics; Crime Detection and Investigation;

Sociology of Crimes and Ethics; and Correctional Administration.

Many students after graduation have 5-6 months to review the material before

the board exam. Review programs are usually provided by the school. However, some

students decide on enrolling at specialized review centers (“BS in Criminology in the

Philippines”, n.d.).

Republic Act No. 6506, an act creating the Board of Examiners for criminologists

provides the area of concentration in the Criminology Board Examination. These areas

of concentration are also the topics emphasized in every Criminology Review Center.

The following are the areas of concentration with their respective relative weights;

Criminal Jurisprudence and Procedure (20%), Law Enforcement Administration (20%),

Criminalistics (20%), Criminal Detection and Investigation (15%), Police Ethics and

Human Relations (15%), and Correctional Administration and Probation (10%) (Parinas

and Obrero, 2012).

The researchers were interested in knowing the status of the Board performance

of the College and their challenges to Review Centers because they believed it would

help future examinees by providing them the real picture of the board examination

results and thereby inform them of the weaknesses, so that they will be prepared in

coping this problem and possibly think of an effective solution. Likewise, the College of

Criminology will also benefit from the result of this study as this will serve as basis for

improving the quality of instruction, specifically, for professional subjects.

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to explore the difficulties experienced by the reviewees of DCCP

Laoag in attending Criminology Review Center at Prudence Research and Review

Center. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the difficulties experienced by the reviewees of DCCP Laoag in

attending Criminology Review Center at Prudence Research and Review

Center?

2. How does the difficulties affect the reviewees in their review?

3. What are possible solutions to cope up with the difficulties experienced by the

reviewees?

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Difficulties In depth
experienced by
the reviewees
interviews
with the OUTPUT
Assessed
factors that
of DCCP respondents.
challenges a
Laoag
reviewee in
students.
Criminologist
Collection of
Licensure
Preparations of data
Examination.
examinees
before the
[Insert here the
board Analysis and output of your
Ways to
examination. Interpretation research]
improve review
of data using
Strategies used actions of the
thematic
during the reviewees.
analysis.
actual board
examination
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The College of Criminal Justice Education of Data Center College of the

Philippines offering the Criminology Program is mandated to comply with the

requirements. The licensure examination results speak of the preparedness of students

in taking the examination, the quality of instruction by the faculty and the exposure of

the students to practical learning experiences through the equipment and apparatuses

provided by the administration. The conduct of this research aimed to make a

comparative analysis on the board and academic performances of BS Criminology

graduates. The respondents were the graduates from the College of Criminal Justice

Education at Data Center college of the Philippines in the school years 2019-2020.

Total enumeration was employed in selecting the (5-6) respondents who took the

Criminologist Licensure Examination (CLE) administered by the Professional Regulation

Commission.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The research is conducted with the goal of providing critical information and knowledge

about the chosen topic from respondents, recent studies of thesis and related sites that

are required for the expected importance to individual as follows:

Students

The respondents to this study will be aware of and informed about the difficulties

encountered by DCCP students attending the Criminology Review Center at the

Prudence Research and Review Center.

The Researchers

For incoming criminology students, such as researchers, being unfamiliar with this field

is a challenge. As a result, this will be a tool that will guide and steer them in obtaining

reputable, reliable, and crucial variables that are recognized as necessary facts for a
deeper grasp of the subject. Indeed, this research will be a major source of information

that they will undoubtedly require in their future investigations.

Criminology Instructor

The outcome of the study will facilitate them to formulate effective strategies because

they are the backbones and pillars of knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to pass

the licensure examination, this study’s findings will assist them in developing efficient

strategies and worthwhile approaches to make learning more comprehensive and

retentive. Furthermore, the results may signal them to realize their noble task of

preparing students as future board examines to be confident, assertive and prepared to

take the licensure examination.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The study focused on the difficulties experienced by the reviewees of DCCP students in

attending Criminology Review Center at Prudence Research and Review Center. The

respondents of the study composed of (5-6) selected Criminology students of DCCP,

Laoag City.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Paths - refers that the way you go through your jobs, whether in a single job or a

succession of jobs authority - the ability to sway or command one's thoughts, opinions,

or actions.

Generalist - refers that a person with a wide range of skills, hobbies, or habits. eligible -

is a having the authority to perform or get something meeting the necessary.

Chartered - to devise a strategy for charting a pathway.

Specialized - refers to demonstrating great differentiation in a specific direction or for a

certain goal specialized personnel are individuals who have been designed, trained, or

equipped for a certain task or vocation.

Emphasized - to provide priority to or attention.

Experienced - states that Observation and practical engagement with facts or

happenings.

Perceived - is a seeing, hearing, or feeling something, or comprehending something.

Influenced - is that the ability to cause an effect in a non-tangible or indirect manner

Interaction - the act of conversing or cooperating with others.

Resilience - refers that the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties toughness.

Performance - a carrying out or completing a task, action, or function. assumption -

states that a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.

Speculations - refers to the act of engaging in a financial transaction that carries a

significant risk of losing value but also the potential for significant gain.

Variables - a quantity that may assume any one of a set of values. predictive - is making

it possible to predict what will happen.

Feasible - is that something is possible, doable or likely.

Probabilistic - is a type of reasoning that takes into account the likelihood of something

happening or the intensity of one's belief in something.

Correlates - is to bring into or establish in a mutual or reciprocal relationship; to connect

in a systematic manner.

Critiquing - or "critique" that is a formal term that usually refers to a thoughtful judgment

in which someone expresses an opinion about something.

Stringent - is something that is strict and precise, and must be followed or listened to to

the letter.

Grasp - to eagerly embrace or take the opportunity for development.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

What is the Criminology Board Exam?

The Criminologist Licensure examination is one of the 43 annual board exams

conducted by the Philippine Regulatory Commission (PRC). This exam screens aspiring

criminologists in the country based on the standards written in the Republic Act No.

11131 or the Philippine Criminology Profession Act of 2018.

What is the coverage of the Criminology Board Exam?

Study hard and smart for the Criminology Board Exam! Based on the PRC memo

released by the PRC Board for Criminologists, here are the following subjects that will

be included in the exam.

SUBJECT PERCENTAGE

Criminal Jurisprudence, Procedure & 20%

Evidence

Law Enforcement Administration 20%

Crime Detection and Investigation (CDI) 20%

Criminalistics 15%

Correctional Administration 10%

Sociology of Crimes and Ethics 15%

Due to the recent shift to the K-12 academic curriculum, there might be some changes

in the exam coverage.

What is the passing rate for the Criminology Board Exam?

To pass the Criminology board exam, you’ll need to have a general average of at least

75% with no less than 60% in any subtest. If you make the overall cut but fail in a

subject, you’ll need to retake only that given subtest and get an 80% rating to pass the

exam.

How are our aspiring criminologists faring in the exams? Here’s the trend of the

Criminology Board Exam passing rates over the last three years.

What are the eligibility requirements of the Criminology Board Exam?

Based on the PRC memo for the Criminology Board Exam, applicants must be able to

meet the following criteria.

 Filipino citizen/ foreign citizen whose country/state adheres to the Philippine

practice of criminology;

 In good health and is of good moral character;

 A graduate of Bachelor of Science in Criminology;

 Has completed a refresher course certificate*;

  Has no criminal record which involves moral turpitude;

 Has complied with other requirements prescribed by the PRC.

*Only applicable for applicants who failed five (5) times prior to the exam

What are the application requirements of the Criminology Board Exam?

The next step in the process is to prepare the necessary documents for the exam. Here

are the following requirements you need to proceed with your application:

 NSO/PSA Birth Certificate

 NSO/PSA Marriage Contract (for married female applicants)

 Transcript of Records with scanned picture and Remarks “For Board

Examination Purposes”

 Valid NBI Clearance

 RTC Clearance

 Three (3) Certificate of Good Moral Character*

 Examination fee payment (Php 900)

*PRC only recognizes certificate from the following: Barangay Chairman, School Dean,

Employer, and Parish Priest

https://www.edukasyon.ph/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-criminology-

board-exam (AUTHOR: ANGEL CRUZ)

Dealing with the Criminology Licensure Examination

Once licensed as a criminologist, it gives the holder an open door to enter several

options of employment in the private and public sector as well as in the international

arena. A licensed criminologist is said to be a generalist as he can perform services

offered in law enforcement and public safety administration, forensic sciences,

security industries, training and education sectors, and other related services. As

defined under the law, a person is deemed engaged in the practice of Criminology if

he holds himself out to the public in any of the following capacities:

1. As a professor, instructor or teacher in Criminology in any university, college or

school duly recognized by the government and teaches any of the following

subjects: (a) Law Enforcement Administration, (b) Criminalistics, (c) Correctional

Administration, (d) Criminal Sociology and allied subjects, and (e) other technical

and specialized subjects in the Criminology curriculum.

2. As law enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, consultant or agent in any

government or private agency.

3. As technician in dactyloscopy, ballistics, questions documents, police

photography, lie detection, forensic chemistry and other scientific aspects of crime

detection.

4. As correctional administrator, executive supervisor, worker or officer in any

correctional and penal institution.

5. As counselor, expert, adviser, researcher in any government or private agency on

any aspects of criminal research or project involving the causes of crime, juvenile

delinquency, treatment of offenders, police operations, law enforcement

administration, scientific criminal investigation or public welfare administration.

As to privileges granted to criminologists, the law also provides that all certified

criminologists shall be exempted from taking any other entrance or qualifying

government or civil service examinations and shall be considered civil service

eligible to the following government positions: (1) dactylographer; (2) ballistician; (3)

questioned document examiner; (4) correctional officer; (5) law enforcement

photographer; (6) lie detection examiner; (7) probation officer; (8) agents in any law

enforcement agency; (9) security officer; (10) criminal investigator; or (11) police

laboratory technician.

Looking into career opportunities in the country, there are three top careers recently

considered – Information Technology, Law, and Accountancy/Business related

careers. Likewise, the practice of profession as a criminologist is relatively high as

compared to other offered vocation. Many colleges and universities in both public

and private sector offer Bachelor of Science in Criminology, Bachelor of Science in

Forensic Science, and Associate in Police Science, including Masters in

Criminology and Criminal Justice, Master in Public Administration Major in Law

Enforcement and Public Safety Administration, aside from its related Doctorate

degrees. This only shows that these schools are in need of criminologists to teach

and become part of the system in these courses or programs.

Scrutinizing the Philippine Regulation Commission, it reveals that criminology is one

among the most abundant courses together with nursing and teacher education. Of

course, given in the practice of criminology, are the demands among government

agencies such as the tri-bureau, which are the Philippine National Police (PNP),

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

(BJMP). Other organizations in need of criminologists also come from other bureaus

and agencies of government such as, but not limited to, the Bureau of Customs

(BoC), Bureau of Immigration (BI), National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), Central

Bank of the Philippines, DILG-NAPOLCOM, Airports and Seaports Centers, aside

from the various positions available in many Private Investigation and Detection

agencies, local and abroad.

Nonetheless, worthy to note is that criminology is a dynamic profession and a multi-

disciplinary science. TO become a licensed criminologist; it requires one to work

very hard. All efforts must be made from the time you decided to enroll in the
course. Unfortunately, many are called but few are chosen to practice such a noble

profession.

Hurdling the Board Examination

Now, in order to deal effectively with the examinations, as an individual or as a

group, the philosophy of Sun Tzu may be applied. As it is said, “Know thy enemy

and know thy self, and you need not fear to face hundreds of battles.” The enemy

refers to the board examination; the self refers to the examinee. The battle refers to

the three-day period of actual taking the six (6) areas of the Board Examination.

Knowing the “Enemy”

Understanding the enemy is basically looking into the system of the Board as a

whole, knowing information about the composition of the Board of Examiners, who

they are, what they do, and focus on their likelihood of handling the areas of the

board examination. Presently, the members of the Board of Examiners are Hon.

Lourdes W. Aniceto as chairman, Atty. Ernesto V. Cabrera as member, and Atty.

Carolina J. Esquerra as member. These people are experts in the field of

criminology, veteran administrators, academicians, and long time legal practitioners.

So with this background, one should get ready, plan ahead and expect the

unexpected. One should also be perceptive to think over the coverage of the

examination because this provides the examinee a complete guide on what to read

and review prior to taking the examination.

Based on the provisions of Republic Act No. 6506 and as per PRC syllabi, the

coverage, schedule and weight percentage of the board examination is as follows:

DAY 1 – Morning Session - CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE (20%) Criminal Law

(RPC BK 1 & 2), Criminal Procedure (Rule 110 to 127, RC), Criminal Evidence

(Rule 128 to 134, RC), Practice Court ** Need to consider - Special Laws

DAY 1 – Afternoon Session - LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMIN (L.E.A.) - (20%) Police

Org, Mgmt, Admin, Police Personnel Mgmt, Police Operational Planning, Police

Patrol Operations, Police Comm Systems, Police Com Relations, Police

Intelligence, Security Management ** Need to Consider - Police Problems,

Contemporary Systems

DAY 2 – Morning Session - CRIMINALISTICS - (20%) Police Photography, Forensic

Ballistics, Dactyloscopy, Q. Documents, Forensic Chemistry, Polygraphy, Legal

Medicine **Need to consider - other related sciences

DAY 2 – Afternoon Session - CRIMINAL IDENTIFICATION & DETECTION - (15%)

Basic/Fundamentals of Investigation, Investigation of Special Crimes, Fire

Technology and Arson Investigation. Traffic Management and Accident

Investigation, Narcotic Investigation **Need to consider - related investigative

courses

Day 3 – Morning Session - CRIMINAL SOCIOLOGY, ETHICS, HUMAN RELATIONS

AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT (15%) Basic/Fundamentals of Criminology, Study of

Juvenile Delinquency Criminological / Police Ethics, Human Behavior and Crisis

Mgmt Concepts of Criminal Justice System

DAY 3 – Afternoon Session - CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION - (10%)

Basic/Fundamentals of Penology, Institutional Correction (Jails/Prisons) Non-

Institutional Correction (Probation), Laws Related to Correction of Criminals

There are several ways to cope with the coverage of the examinations. One should

organize and prepare reading materials, review notes and quizzes based on the
given scopes. Visual aids and audio materials should be utilized as they can

improve aptitude particularly on memory or retention of information in the brain. The

collection of test questionnaires given in the past board examinations are also

important aspect of the review process as they can be useful for as exercises or

practices. It has been said many times - practice makes perfect.

The next thing to consider should be the Professional Regulation Commission’s

(PRCs) system of implementing the Board Examinations. Based on observations,

PRC administers the Criminology Board Examination twice a year under a proctor

system but computerized checking. Note that the exams are all presented in a

multiple-choice type of examination at 100 points per area coverage. Therefore, in

three days, the examinee will be answering 600 questions.

With this information, the examinee should remember that the proctors are

important especially during the initial moments of the examination because they

give proper instructions and other important details of the test – the examinee have

to listen to instructions; however, he must not be too trustful to ask answers from

proctors even those who offer. The examinee should be keen to know that they are

not criminologist rather they come from other professions.

Since checking of the examination result is programmed on computers, the

examinee must strictly follow the general rule which states that “erasures are not

allowed”. Consider that erasure or alteration is a mortal sin in taking the exams.

Another thing worthy to take note is the varying distribution of the weight percentage

per area of the examination. Necessarily, one should consider that the computation

of the result is based on the given distribution of the weights per area coverage. An

example of the computation is shown below. Area Raw Score Times Weight Ave

Score Criminal Jurisprudence 78 .20 15.6 Law Enforcement Administration 82 .20

16.4 Criminalistics 74 .20 14.8 Criminal Identification and Detection 65 .15 9.75

Criminal Sociology 69 .15 10.35 Correction Admin 80 .10 8.00 TOTAL/ OVERALL
SCORE 74.9% The computed overall score is considered “Failed”. The summation

of the average scores should not be lower than 75 as a cutoff grade. The result in

this example will be considered 70 because it will not be rounded off to 75.

Unknown to the majority of examinees, even those who took and passed the

Licensure Examination, this is what the PRC does in computing the scores. Hence,

glancing about the system of computation, one should not be targeting 50 points in

the 100 items questions as many used to do, instead one should perform to achieve

75 points or higher. If the examinee wants to make it to the top, then he should aim

85 points or higher.

Another phase in knowing the enemy is that the examinee should understand the

mechanics of multiple-choice types of examinations. Many consider this type of

examination as an easy one; however, this is a misconception. In fact, by applying

probability one can estimate the chances of getting a correct answer from a given

four or five choices. This is what makes multiple-choice type of examination difficult.

But this type of examination has been recognized to be the most widely used

objective test method. It measures simple learning outcome measured by short

answer item, alternate-response item, and matching exercise. It also measures

complex learning outcomes in the knowledge, understanding, and application areas.

Understanding its four characteristics makes you more accurate in picking your

choices. There is 1 - a problem (stem) in the form of a direct question or an

incomplete statement and there are 2 - suggested solutions (alternatives) in the

form of words, numbers, symbols, or phrases and 3- answer (correct alternative)

then the rest are 4- distracters or the remaining alternatives.

Dealing with the “SELF”

Subsequent to studying the many components encompassing the enemy, the

examinee should also focus on what he has and develop them as another tool to

beat the examination. The examinee needs to determine his strengths first then his
weaknesses so that he can be able to properly assess himself of his overall

standing. In doing this, he may consider the following guidelines:

Before the Date of Exam 1. Check date of filing and deadlines 2. Check PRC

requirements and be early in preparing them 3. Attend the review religiously 4.

Organize your notes, quizzers and all review materials 5. Pre-test yourself using

questionnaires and assess your level of preparation 6. Focus on the important

pointers to review 7. Get rest the night before the exam, wake up early and get your

composure 8. PRAY.

During the Exam Days 1. Relax, be cool, calm and be collected 2. Listen to the

proctor, follow the instructions in the form filling period 3. Read and understand

questions or the stem of the problem thoroughly. 4. Don’t answer immediately

halfway in the question. Study the question up to the end, read all suggested

answers. 5. Analyze and look for keywords and other clues before choosing the

answer 6. Try the process of elimination for difficult questions 7. Remember: No

ERASURES! When in doubt leave the item; proceed to the next and review your

answers later. 8. Questions with NOT, NO, EXCEPT, DON’T require negative to fact

or exclusions. 9. Time is an advantage on your part, use it wisely 10. Be positive but

not over confident.

After Every Exam (per area) 1. Be calm and quiet then proceed to your camp and

receive last minute tips from your instructors. 2. Do not discuss the answers yet until

the last examination period 3. Take heavy meals before every examination time 4.

Browse notes and review materials to set your mind for the next examination

area/category 5. Never hurry in taking the examinations especially the last exam

area. Always take time and finish the examination with ease. 6. Reward yourself

after the examination by going home safe.

After Passing the Board Exam 1. Check dates of the oath taking ceremony and

release of PRC licenses 2. Attend the oath taking ceremony, this will give you a

sense of pride and experience a new beginning of your professional career.

https://www.rkmfiles.net/criminology-articles/30-dealing-with-the-criminology-

licensure-examination.html (AUTHOR: Rommel K. Manwong, MPA, MSCrim)

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter reveals the

methods of research to
be employed by the
researcher
in conducting the study
which includes the
research design,
population of the study,
research instrument
and its development
establishing its validity
and reliability, data
gathering procedures,
and the appropriate
statistical treatment of
dat
This chapter describes the sources of data, sampling procedures, and methods in

gathering the data. This chapter also explains how the researchers obtained the data to

address the research questions in this study. This chapter also reveals the appropriate

treatment of data.

SOURCES OF DATA

Since qualitative data are drawn from a wide variety of sources, they can be

radically different in scope. We the researcher intend to use in-depth interview approach

to which it is a form a unstructured questioning. In line to the questioning, it is therefore

coming to the matter to be inquired. The main data was come from the respondents

who had likely answered the given questions with ease and was directly pointing out

their answers. The study also utilized observation as a primary source. The respondents

gave their insight and experience as we used this one type source of data portraying

their struggle in dealing their personal problems on how to surely passed the board

exam. Other source of data that we have used is the internet site, whereas we

consulted it to know and understand the population of the unfortunate board takers in

the field study of criminology particularly the school of Data Center College of the

Philippine Inc.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

A. e respondent of the
study is composed of
people in the
community of Lipa City
B. year 2018. One
of the vital
processes to keep
this study successful.
All of these
C. participants was
selected through
random sampling.
This sampling
method is
D. conducted where
each member of a
population has a
 capability to become
part of the
E. sample.
F. The chosen
respondents are
containing of eighty
(80) respondents from
selected
G. barangay in Lipa City.
The Barangay of
Bolbok, the Barangay
8, Barangay 11, and
the
H. Barangay 5. Those
barangay was chosen
by the researchers
because they are
suitable
I. and applicable to the
study
J. e respondent of the
study is composed of
people in the
community of Lipa City
K. year 2018. One
of the vital
processes to keep
this study successful.
All of these
L. participants was
selected through
random sampling.
This sampling
method is
M. conducted where
each member of a
 population has a
capability to become
part of the
N. sample.
O. The chosen
respondents are
containing of eighty
(80) respondents from
selected
P. barangay in Lipa City.
The Barangay of
Bolbok, the Barangay
8, Barangay 11, and
the
Q. Barangay 5. Those
barangay was chosen
by the researchers
 because they are
suitable
R. and applicable to the
study
The respondent of the study is composed of criminology students of Data Center

College of the Philippine of Laoag Incorporated who took the Criminologist Licensure

Examinations (CLE) year 2021. One of the vital processes to keep this study

successful. All of these participants were selected through non-probability

sampling. This sampling method is conducted where members of the population

are chosen based on their relative ease of access. Here, the researcher picks a single

person or a group of a sample, conducts research over a period, analyzes the results,

and then moves on to another subject or group if needed. The researchers are chosen

based on their reach to the researchers.

SAMPLING PROCEDURES

The researchers of the study will be using convenience sampling method, a non-

probability sampling wherein the researchers will be choosing participants

depending on the convenience or accessibility of the participants.

The researchers believe that this sampling technique will be useful in generating

potential hypothesis or study objective. On the other hand, convenience sampling is

less costly, quicker, and simpler than other forms of sampling.

INSTRUMENTS

It is crucial to define the research instrument in this study. In addition, according

to Arikunto (2010) in order to facilitate the researcher, research instrument is chosen as

assisting tool to collect data.

 In this study, the researcher uses interview guides and observation to collect the

necessary data needed. The researcher creates the instrument, which should be tested

for validity and reliability. However, since the instruments is standardized, the student

should describe its items, scoring and qualifications.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

For the purposes of this research, in depth interviews were used. In depth

interviews are personal and unstructured interviews, whose aims is to identify

participant’s emotion, feelings, and opinions regarding a particular research subject.

The main advantage of personal interviews is that they involve personal and

direct contact between interviewers and interviewees, as well as eliminate non-

response rates, but interviews need to have developed the necessary skills to

successfully carry an interview.

TREATMENT OF DATA

To analyze and interpret the data, the researchers used thematic analysis

to closely examine the data to identify common themes, ideas and patterns of meaning

that come up repeatedly.

The researcher believe that thematic analysis is a good approach to research

and to find out something about the respondent’s views, opinions, knowledge,

experiences or values from a set of qualitative data.