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LAB

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42 views

Lab Report Photo 2

LAB

Uploaded by

zinatnasrin1111
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data for Photochemical Blues, Part II

Part A: Qualitative Characterization of Known Compounds


Test Compound Expected Actual Observation
Observation

Flame Test (K+) KCl Flame turns violet Flame turns Orange
(With Cobalt blue
glass, It looks Violet)

Iron (III) Test FeCl3 Formation of brown Formation of brown


(Fe3+) precipitate precipitate

Oxalate Test (C2O42- ) K2C2O4 Formation of white Formation of white


precipitate precipitate

Chloride Test (Cl-) NaCl Formation of white Formation of white


precipitate precipitate

Part A: Qualitative Characterization of Product K₃Fe(C₂O₄)₃·3H₂O


Test Expected Actual Observation Notes
Observation

Flame Test (K+ ) Flame turns violet Flame turns violet It is positive for K+

Iron (III) Test Formation of brown Formation of brown It is positive for


(Fe3+) precipitate precipitate Fe3+

Oxalate Test (C2O42- ) Formation of white Milky Green with Had to wait for a few
precipitate white precipitate at minutes to see the
the bottom. precipitate.
Positive for Oxalate.

Chloride Test (Cl- ) No formation of Cloudy white Positive for Chloride.


precipitate solution.
Part B: Cyanotyping Observations
I coated a small strip of watercolor paper with a solution of K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O using a cotton ball. After
this initial coating, the strip looked like pale bluish green tint. The strip was then place in the UV light
box for a minute. Then it looked a little deeper tint of bluish green. After UV exposure, half of the strip
was covered with a solution of potassium ferricyanide using a cotton ball. That half portion of the strip
turned into a darker shade of blue. The untreated portion was like before, light bluish green. Then I rinsed
that strip with water, and it remained a darker shade of blue.

For the cyanotype photograph, I used a cotton ball to coat a square of watercolor paper with the premade
mixture of K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O and K3Fe(CN)6. Then I let the wet paper dry for a few minutes in my lab
drawer. It looked slightly blue after that. Then I taped the paper to a plexiglass plate and top it with one
high contrast picture of Cat. Then I put it into the UV light box for 1 minute and it turned into a darker
shade of blue. Then I washed the paper with tap water, and it still looked dark blue. Then I let it dry in one
of the windows of out lab. I will collect it next day to see what it looks like when it’s fully dried.

CALCULATIONS:
1: Identifying the Limiting Reactant-
From the previous calculations in Question 2 of Part I, we determined:
 Moles of FeCl₃ = 0.012 mol
 Moles of K₂C₂O₄ = 0.044 mol
According to the balanced reaction:
FeCl3(aq) + 3K2C2O4(aq)+ 3H2O → K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O(s) + 3KCl(aq)
For every 1 mole of FeCl₃, 3 moles of K₂C₂O₄ are required.
Now, checking the ratios:
 For FeCl₃: 0.012 moles of FeCl₃
 For K₂C₂O₄: We would need 3×0.012 mol=0.036 mol of K₂C₂O₄.
Since We have 0.044 mol of K₂C₂O₄ (more than needed), FeCl₃ is the limiting reactant.
2: Theoretical Yield of K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O -
To calculate the theoretical yield, we have to use the limiting reactant FeCl₃ (0.012 mol).
From the balanced equation, 1 mole of FeCl₃ produces 1 mole of K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O
So, 0.012 mol of FeCl₃ will produce 0.012 mol of K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O
Next, the mass K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O
The molar mass of K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O is:
Molar mass= 3(39.1) +55.85+3(88.02) + 3(18.02)= 491.24 g/mol
Theoretical yield:
Theoretical yield= 0.012 mol × 491.24 g/mol= 5.9 g
3: Percentage Yield Calculation -
The actual yield is the sum of the recovered solid and the dissolved mass:
Actual yield=5.3 g (solid)+1.107 g (dissolved)= 6.4 g
Now, calculate the percentage yield:
%Yield= (6.4 g / 5.9 g) ×100=108.47 %
This percentage yield is greater than 100%, likely due to impurities or incomplete drying of the product
maybe because I was hurrying up a little bit to finish the lab. Impurities, such as unreacted starting
materials or byproducts, can remain in the final solid, adding extra mass. Additionally, if the product is
not fully dried, excess water or solvents might still be present, further increasing the weight.

Results Summary for Qualitative Tests :


Essential Positive Result
Ion Conclusion for Product K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O
(Knowns)

Potassium Violet flame color in the flame test Positive for K⁺, flame test showed violet color,
(K⁺) (viewed through cobalt blue glass) indicating significant K⁺ present.

Formation of brown precipitate


Iron (III) Positive for Fe³⁺, brown precipitate formed,
when NaOH is added to Fe³⁺
(Fe³⁺) confirming iron is present in significant quantity.
solution

Formation of a white precipitate Positive for C₂O₄²⁻, though milky green color
Oxalate
(calcium oxalate) when CaCl₂ is initially, a white precipitate formed, confirming
(C₂O₄²⁻)
added presence of oxalate.

Formation of white precipitate Positive for Cl⁻, a cloudy white precipitate indicates
Chloride
(AgCl) when AgNO₃ and HNO₃ contamination with chloride, though ideally, it should
(Cl⁻)
are added be absent.

QUESTIONS:
1. Comment on the % yield obtained -
The percentage yield of my product was over 100%, which suggests that the product may contain
impurities or excess water not fully removed during drying. Yield could be improved by more thorough
purification steps, such as better recrystallization or drying procedures, to ensure that only the pure
K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O product is measured.

2. Balanced net ionic equations-


(a) Iron (III) ion with hydroxide ion:
Fe3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) → Fe(OH)3 (s)
In this reaction, the iron(III) ions combine with hydroxide ions to form a brown precipitate of iron(III)
hydroxide.
(b) Oxalate ion with calcium ion:
Ca2+ (aq)+ C2O4- (aq)→CaC2O4 (s)
The calcium ions react with oxalate ions to form a white precipitate of calcium oxalate.

3. Evidence for/against product’s identity and purity -


The flame test confirmed the presence of potassium ions (K⁺), while the iron(III) and oxalate tests
confirmed the presence of Fe³⁺ and C₂O₄²⁻ ions, respectively, which aligns with the chemical formula
K3Fe(C2O4)3. 3H2O. However, the chloride test revealed contamination, as chloride ions (Cl ⁻) were
detected, indicating that the product is not completely pure. This impurity could stem from incomplete
washing of FeCl₃ or residual byproducts.

4. Creating a blueprint on paper -


To create a blueprint, paper is coated with a mixture of an iron(III) compound, such as K 3Fe(C2O4)3.
3H2O, and potassium ferricyanide (K₃Fe(CN)₆). When exposed to UV light, the iron(III) is reduced to
iron(II), which then reacts with the ferricyanide to form Prussian blue (Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃), the blue pigment
that appears on the paper.

5. Potassium ferricyanide test with Fe(NO₃)₂, FeCl₃, and Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂ -


When potassium ferricyanide is mixed with Fe(NO₃)₂ or Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂, both of these solutions
contain Fe²⁺ ions, which will react to form Prussian blue, resulting in a blue color. However, when mixed
with FeCl₃, which contains Fe³⁺ ions, no blue color will form because Fe³⁺ does not directly react with
potassium ferricyanide to produce Prussian blue unless it is reduced to Fe² ⁺. Therefore, only the mixtures
containing Fe²⁺ will turn blue.

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