REVIEWER IN PE • the common people are amused themselves

by doing dances that were social in

CHAPTER1: BRIEF HISTORY AND NATURE
character.
OF DANCE
• beginning of social dancing.
DANCE
G. THE RENAISSANCE
• is the movement of the body in a rhythmic
• was wholly accepted in the courts as the
way, usually to music and within a given
gradual increase of the capitalist class
space.
produced patrons of learning and art in
• is and expression of the body, following
Europe.
rhythmic patterns.
• dance and art in general gained impetus.
• is one of the oldest and most popular forms
• the entertainers now become valuable
of exercise.
appendage to the courts of Italy and France.
. PRE-HISTORIC ERA
H. EUROPE IN 15TH AND 16TH
• A major form of religious ritual and social CENTURY
expression within primitive cultures.
• new court dances performed by nobility
• a way of expressing and tribal unity and
came about as well as the rise of art in ballet
strength.
in Italy and France.
• an approach for courtship and mating.
• several other dance forms continued to
• a means of worship, communication, and sprout and spread across several countries.
thearpeutic experience.
CHAPTER 2: ELEMENTS OF DANCE
B. ANCIENT EGYPT
Here are the primary elements of dance:
• became full blown and was richly recorder.
• reflected in wall paintings, reliefs, and in the Body
literary record in hieroglyphs.
• Shape: The physical form the body takes,
• as a medium of religious expression. such as straight, curved, or angular.
C. ANCIENT GREEK CIVILIZATION • Action: The movement of the body,
• dance is an aid to military education. including locomotor (traveling) and non-
• a form of entertainment and display. locomotor (stationary) movements.

D. ANCIENT ROME • Part-body: Focusing on specific parts of the

body, such as hands, feet, or head.
• they stopped valuing such qualities in art as
the nation grew wealthy and powerful. • Whole-body: Using the entire body in
• the romans ceased and perform within the movement.
arts themselves. Energy
E. CATHOLIC CHURCH IN EUROPE • Effort: The quality of movement, such as
strong, light, sustained, or percussive.
• the christian fathers approved the use of
dance, provided that its form and intent were • Force: The amount of energy applied to a
holy and profound. movement.
• dances then became part of worships and
church services. • Dynamics: The variation in energy levels
throughout a performance.
F. DARK AND EARLY MIDDLE AGES
Space
• they performed dance in village squares to
• Personal space: The area immediately
welcome feudal lords in the castles.
surrounding the dancer's body.
 • General space: The larger area in which the What is a form?
dance takes place.
• It is the instrument by which idea and
• Levels: High, medium, and low levels of elements are arranged or combined into
movement. a logical sequence
• Directions: Forward, backward, sideways, what is a phrase?
diagonal, and circular.
• It is the smallest unit of dance.
• Pathways: The paths traced by the dancer's • When you combine one movement with
movements. several others, they form a unit.
• Relationships: The spatial relationships WHAT IS A MOTIF?
between dancers or objects.
• it is a theme to be able to convey its
Time meaning or intention to the audience
• Rhythm: The pattern of beats or accents in • it is used when a movements are repeated,
a movement. varied and developed by manipulating the
movement components or elements
• Tempo: The speed of the movement.
characteristics of a good dance
• Timing: The synchronization of movements
with music or other elements. Unity

• Phrasing: The grouping of movements into • the interconnected phrases of the dance are
meaningful units coherent and flow smoothly together

CHAPTER 3: DANCE APPRECIATION continuity and development

AND COMPOSITION • the phrases of the dance that are organized
What makes a good dance? progressively, making each movement
phrase move naturally inyo the next
• It displays a significant meaning or
conveys a message variety and contrast
• It portrays life experiences • making one or several variations that
• Presented abstractly and symbolically highlight the facet of the motif.
but still convey emotion and meaning
• It lifts transports and audience from their Transition
seats during performance
• this is the link between movements, phrases,
what makes it not a good dance? and sections of the dance

• Has poor dance choreography repetition

• when a dance fails to communicate its • it emphasizes movements and phrases that
intended meaning or it does not have a are important to the dance and gives a
meaning or significance at all feeling of closure to a work
dance climax
• Beginning: may come in a form of shape, a • this is where the apex of energy in the dance
pose, or an entrance is reached
• Middle: consists of a development or the
exploration or the main idea
• Ending/conclusion: should be clear and
may be in a form of a shape, a pose or an
exit
EVALUATING A GOOD DANCE The History of Dance as Art
CHOREOGRAPHERS Ancient Roots
• they will evaluate a part of an ongoing • Dance has been a part of human culture
process of developing a personal style which since prehistoric times, with origins in
is both spontaneous and organized religious rituals and social gatherings.
DANCERS Classical Traditions
• they will evaluate according to the specific • In the 15th-19th centuries, the development
demands that the performance places them of ballet and other formal dance techniques
established dance as a respected art form.
AUDIENCES
Modern Innovations
• making one or several variations that
highlight the facet of the motif. • The 20th century saw the emergence of
contemporary dance, breaking away from
stages in assessing a dance critique traditional ballet and exploring new forms of
Interpretation expression.

• involves an appreciation of the ideas, The Role of Dance in Culture

content, images and style contained within Cultural Identity
the dance
• Dance is often deeply rooted in the traditions
Evaluation and values of a particular society, serving as
• takes into consideration how effectively the a means of preserving and expressing
features and the context of the dance have cultural heritage.
been utilized in the actual performance if the Community Celebration
dancers to portray the content and the
quality of the dance • Many cultures use dance as a way to come
together and celebrate important events,
Chapter 4: Dance as Art festivals, and milestones.
What is Dance? Social Connectivity
Movement Art
• Dance can foster a sense of community and
• Dance is the art of using the body to create social cohesion, as people come together to
and interpret movements, rhythms, and share in the joy of movement and rhythm.
patterns for the purpose of expression or Dance as a Form of Expression
entertainment.
Emotional Expression
Emotional Expression
• Dance allows performers to convey a wide
• Dance allows performers to convey a wide range of emotions, from joy and passion to
range of emotions, from joy and passion to sorrow and contemplation.
sorrow and contemplation.
Personal Reflection
Storytelling
• The act of dancing can be a powerful tool
• Many dance forms use movement to narrate for self-exploration, introspection, and
stories, myths, and cultural traditions, personal growth.
transcending language barriers.
Social Commentary The Future of Dance as an Art Form
• Dance can be used as a medium to address Technological Advancements
social and political issues, raising awareness
and inspiring change. • New technologies are being integrated into
dance, such as interactive media, virtual
Spiritual Connection reality, and motion capture
• In some cultures, dance is closely linked to Interdisciplinary Collaborations
religious and spiritual practices, serving as a
way to connect with the divine. • Dance is increasingly collaborating with
other art forms, such as music, visual arts,
Different Forms of Dance and film, to create innovative and immersive
experiences.
Ballet
Accessibility and Inclusion
• A classical dance form characterized by
precise, graceful movements and a focus on • There is a growing emphasis on making
technique. dance more accessible and inclusive,
through educational initiatives and the
Contemporary representation of diverse dance styles and
• A modern dance form that blends elements performers.
of various styles, emphasizing innovation, Chapter 5: Dance as a competition
emotional expression, and exploration of the
human body. Dance as an art:
Hip-Hop • Dance is a performing art form consisting of
sequences of movement, either improvised
• A dynamic and energetic dance style that or purposefully selected. This movement has
originated in urban communities, often with aesthetic and often symbolic value. Dance
a focus on improvisation and self- can be categorized and described by its
expression. choreography, by its repertoire of
Folk Dance movements, or by its historical period or
place of origin.
• Traditional dance forms that are deeply
rooted in the cultural heritage of a particular Expression*:
region or community. • Focuses on the expression of emotions,
Dance as a Performing Art ideas, and stories through movement,
allowing both dancers and audiences to
Choreography connect on a deeper level.
• The art of designing and composing dance Creativity*:
movements, patterns, and sequences.
• Encourages creativity and individuality.
Performance Choreographers and performers experiment
with different styles, techniques, and
• The act of presenting dance to an audience, interpretations.
often in a staged or theatrical setting.
Cultural Significance*:
Collaboration
• Often reflects cultural, historical, and social
• Dance often involves the collaboration of contexts, preserving traditions and
choreographers, dancers, musicians, and showcasing unique cultures through
other creative professionals. performance.
Aesthetic Appreciation*: CHAPTER 6: DANCE RELATED
INJURIES
• Emphasizes beauty, grace, and form. Dance
is often performed to evoke feelings and Common Dance Injuries
provoke thought, appreciated purely for its
1. Foot and Ankle Injuries:
artistic nature.
Ankle Sprains: These are the most common acute
Lack of Competition*:
ankle injuries in dancers, often caused by
• Typically performed in a non-competitive overstretching the ankle ligaments. They can range
setting, such as theater or community events, from mild to severe, with severe sprains potentially
where the goal is to entertain and inspire leading to ligament tears.
rather than to win.
Achilles Tendonitis: Inflammation of the Achilles
Dance as a competition: tendon, the thick connecting tissue between the heel
and calf muscle, is often caused by repetitive
• A dance competition is an event in which movements.
individuals and groups of dancers from all
different studios come together for the Trigger Toe: This condition occurs when the
purpose of showcasing their routines, tendon of the big toe (usually) is damaged over
receiving feedback from judges, and time, leading to thickening and difficulty in smooth
competing for placements and various movement.
awards.
Stress Fractures: These can occur in the
Judging Criteria*: metatarsals (foot bones), tibia (shin splints),
sesamoids (bones at the ball of the foot), and lumbar
• In competitive dance, performances are spine.
evaluated based on specific criteria such as
technique, artistry, timing, and execution, 2. Hip Injuries:
often leading to scores or rankings. Snapping Hip Syndrome: This causes a snapping
Structured Environment*: or popping noise in the hip joint, often during
external rotation movements like developpé and
• Dancers participate in organized battements.
competitions with established rules,
categories (ballet, hip-hop, jazz, etc.), and Hip Impingement: This occurs when the bones of
age divisions. the hip joint rub against each other, often due to
excessive turnout or splits.
Focus on Performance*:
Labral Tears: These are tears in the cartilage rim of
• Dancers must prepare and perform pieces the hip socket, often caused by repetitive
specifically for competitions, often movements or trauma.
emphasizing flawless technique and
synchronization over expressive storytelling. 3. Knee Injuries:

Goal-Oriented*: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Jumper's Knee):

This is caused by incorrect kneecap tracking, often
• Participants aim for trophies, medals, or due to muscle imbalances, tight hamstrings, and
titles, fostering a focus on winning and weak quadriceps.
achievement within a set timeframe.
Meniscus Tears: These are tears in the cartilage
Team vs. Solo Dynamics*: that cushions the knee joint, often caused by
incorrect landing from jumps or twisting the knee.
• Competitive dance can involve both group
performances and solo competitors, adding
an element of teamwork along with
individual competition.
4. Back Injuries:
Back Strain and Spasms: These can be caused by
frequent pelvic tilting, arching the lower back, and
muscle imbalances.
Spondylolisthesis: This is a type of stress fracture
of the spine, often caused by repeated lower back
hyperextension.
Causes of Dance Injuries
Overuse: Dancers often train for several hours a
day, performing repetitive movements that can lead
to overuse injuries.
Improper Technique: Incorrect form and
alignment can put undue stress on joints and
muscles, increasing the risk of injury.
Inadequate Warm-up and Cool-down:
Insufficient preparation and recovery can leave
muscles vulnerable to injury.
Insufficient Rest: Dancers often have limited time
for rest and recovery between rehearsals and
performances, which can lead to chronic injuries.
Hard Dance Floors: Dancing on hard surfaces like
concrete or steel can increase the risk of stress
fractures and other injuries.
Nutritional Deficiencies: Restrictive diets and
unhealthy body weights can contribute to dance
injuries.
Prevention Tips
Warm Up Thoroughly: This helps to prepare
muscles for activity and reduce the risk of injury.
Cool Down Effectively: This helps to prevent
muscle soreness and stiffness.
Use Proper Technique: Ensure correct form and
alignment to minimize stress on joints and muscles.
Get Enough Rest: Allow adequate time for
recovery between rehearsals and performances.
Cross-Train: Engage in activities that build
strength, flexibility, and endurance.
Dance on Suitable Flooring: Use sprung floors or
other surfaces that absorb impact and reduce stress
on joints.
Eat a Healthy Diet: Ensure adequate nutrition to
support bone health and muscle recovery.