WEB DESIGN

1) What is the History of the Internet and its

uses?
The history of the Internet has its origin in
information theory and the efforts of scientists
and engineers to build and interconnect
computer networks. The Internet Protocol
Suite, the set of rules used to communicate
between networks and devices on the Internet,
arose from research and development in the
United States and involved international
collaboration, particularly with researchers in
the United Kingdom and France
2) Write a short note on Internet Service
Providers with examples.
An ISP (internet service provider) is a company
that provides individuals and organizations
access to the internet and other related
services. An ISP has the equipment and the
telecommunication line access required to
have a point of presence on the internet for the
geographic area served.
3) What is voice over Internet Protocols with
Examples?
VoIP can allow you to make a call directly from
a computer, a special VoIP phone, or a
traditional phone connected to a special
adapter. In addition, wireless "hot spots" in
locations such as airports, parks, and cafes
allow you to connect to the Internet and may
enable you to use VoIP service wirelessly.
4) What is the Time-Sharing using Internet
Process?
Time-sharing, in data processing, method of
operation in which multiple users with different
programs interact nearly simultaneously with
the central processing unit (CPU) of a large-
scale digital computer
5) Write a short note ARPANET with Examples.
The Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network
(ARPANET) was the first wide-area packet-
switched network with distributed control and
one of the first computer networks to
implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both
technologies became the technical foundation
of the Internet.
6) What is an Optical Networking with an
Example?
An optical network is made up of several
elements, including: Devices: The devices are
the destinations where the data is received or
transmitted. For example, telecommunication
devices like iPhones or computers. Node: A
node is like a support hub for optical network
transmission lines.
7) How is a use in Internet use in Wider
Society?
From video call platforms to social media
outlets, friends and family can connect more
easily than ever before. For people who are not
physically located near their community or
have family members in other countries, the
internet provides a bridge of connection.
8) What is the Mobile Revolution using in the
Internet Processing?
Mobile screen sizes are growing bigger. And
it's more important than ever to understand key
device characteristics from a development and
testing standpoint. This includes:
• Mobile screen size.
• Screen resolution.
• Screen PPI (pixel per inch / pixel density).
These characteristics are important whether
you are developing native apps, hybrid apps,
or responsive web apps.
9) Differences between 1-Tier and 2-Tier
Architecture and IP with Examples.
The tiers in n-tier applications are distributed
components running in separate processes,
usually on separate hardware
systems. A one tier application runs in one
process, including data storage, calculations
and presentation layers. A two tier application
separates one or more layers into another
process.
10) What is the N-tier Architecture and its
uses?
An N-tier architecture divides an application
into logical layers and physical tiers. Layers are
a way to separate responsibilities and manage
dependencies. Each layer has a specific
responsibility. A higher layer can use services
in a lower layer, but not the other way around.
11) What is the History of HTML and HTTP with
Examples?
The first version of HTML was written by Tim
Berners-Lee in 1993. Since then, there have
been many different versions of HTML. The
most widely used version throughout the
2000's was HTML 4.01, which became an
official standard in December 1999. Another
version, XHTML, was a rewrite of HTML as an
XML language
12) What are the Domain Name System and its
uses?
A Domain Name System (DNS) turns domain
names into IP addresses, which allow
browsers to get to websites and other internet
resources. Every device on the internet has an
IP address, which other devices can use to
locate the device.
13) What is difference between a TELNET and
an FTP?
FTP is an Internet protocol for transmitting or
transferring data from one computer to another
via TCP or IP networks. TELNET, on the other
hand, is a connection protocol that allows a
user to connect to a remote server waiting for
commands.
14) What are the Logical Independence and
Physical Independence and its uses?
Physical data independence deals with the
internal structure of the schema. Logical data
independence deals with conceptual schema.
Examples of changes in Physical
independence are Changing the compression
techniques, hashing algorithms, SSD, location
of the database
15) Differences between IPv4 and IPv6 with
Examples.
IPv4 IPv6
IPv4 has a 32-bit address length IPv6 has a
128-bit address length
It Supports Manual and DHCP address
configuration It supports Auto and renumbering
address configuration
In IPv4 end to end, connection integrity is
Unachievable In IPv6 end-to-end, connection
integrity is Achievable

16)Differences between TCP and IP with

Examples.
The basic difference between TCP
(Transmission Control Protocol) and IP
(Internet Protocol) is in the transmission of
data. In simple words, IP finds the destination
of the mail and TCP has the work to send and
receive the mail. UDP is another protocol,
which does not require IP to communicate with
another computer.
17) What is the Communication and
Entertainment in the Application of Internet?
The internet has made it possible for people to
communicate with each other from anywhere in
the world. People can send emails to each
other and also set up group conversations.
Email is a convenient way of sending
messages and documents across the world in
an instant.
18) What are Electronic Mail and its uses?
Electronic mail (e-mail) is a computer-based
application for
the exchange of messages between users. A
worldwide e-mail network allows people to
exchange e-mail messages very quickly. E-mail
is the electronic equivalent of a letter, but with
advantages in timeliness and flexibility.
19) What are the Extensible Hypertext Markup
Language and its uses?
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language
(XHTML) is a markup language that combines
HTML and XML, and is used to create web
content. XHTML is a stricter and more
standardized version of HTML, and is used in
the creation of professional websites, e-
commerce platforms, and content management
systems.

20)What are the Cascading Style Sheets and

its uses?
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet
language used to describe the presentation of
a document written in HTML or XML (including
XML dialects such as SVG, MathML or
XHTML). CSS describes how elements should
be rendered on screen, on paper, in speech, or
on other media.

21)What are the Web content Accessibility

Guidelines and its uses?
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
(WCAG) are a set of technical guidelines that
help make web content more accessible to
people with disabilities. The guidelines are
developed by the World Wide Web
Consortium's (W3C) Web Accessibility Initiative
(WAI).
22)What are the Advantages of using Web
Standards?
• Accessibility
Web standards help people with disabilities
use the web.
They also make web pages easier to
understand for people using different browsers.
• Interoperability
Web standards work across browsers, devices,
and platforms, allowing digital products to
reach more people.
• Forward- and backward-compatibility
Data created using older versions of web
standards will still work in newer browsers.
23)What are the Evolution of the Internet
and its uses?
The internet is a global network of
computers, phones, and other devices that
communicate with each other using the
transmission control protocol (TCP) standard.
The internet has evolved in several ways,
including the development of the World Wide
Web and the incorporation of user interaction.
24)Differences between LAN, MAN and WAN
with Examples?
LAN, MAN, and WAN are different types of
computer networks that differ in the
geographical area they cover:
• LAN (Local Area Network)
A LAN connects devices within a small area,
such as a home or office. A school network is
typically a LAN.
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
A MAN connects networks within a larger area,
such as a city or university campus. MANs are
connected by specialized wireless and wired
foundations.
• WAN (Wide Area Network)
A WAN connects networks across different
geographical areas, such as cities, states, or
countries. The internet and a network of bank
cash dispensers are examples of WANs
25)What is the Difference between the
World Wide Web
and the Internet?
• The World Wide Web
The web is a collection of documents and
resources that you see when you're online and
using a device. It's a platform for activities like
searching for information, connecting with
others, shopping online, and accessing
entertainment.
The internet
The internet is a network of connected
computers that allows the web to work, and
also allows emails and files to travel across. It's
a global system of computer networks that are
connected through telecommunications and
optical networking.
26)What are the components of E-Mail
Address and its uses?
An email address is made up of three parts:
the local part, the @ symbol, and the domain.
For example, in the email address
[email protected], the local part is user and
the domain is domain.com. An email address is
used to identify an email account and can only
be assigned to one user.
27)What is difference between a
TELNET and an FTP?
Purpose: Telnet is used to remotely
manage devices, while FTP is used to transfer
files between computers. Telnet uses a virtual
terminal connection to provide a text-based
interface for communication. FTP opens two
connections to link the computers that are
communicating.
Security
Telnet and FTP are both considered insecure
protocols. Telnet is not encrypted and doesn't
have a way to use public/private keys. FTP
relies on clear-text usernames and
passwords, and is vulnerable to attacks like
sniffing, spoofing, and brute force.
Use cases
Telnet can be useful when you're away from
your computer or local account, or when you're
traveling. FTP can be useful when you need to
move files between computers, or when you
need to access online software archives.

28)What are the Logical Independence and

Physical Independence and its uses?
Logical and physical data independence are
both ways to describe the ability to make
changes to a database's architecture without
affecting other layers:
Logical data independence
Allows changes to the conceptual layer of a
database without affecting the external layer.
This is useful when the database's logical
structure needs to be changed, such as when
adding a new type of account to a banking
system.
Physical data independence
Allows changes to the internal layer of a
database without affecting the conceptual
layer. This is sometimes necessary to improve
performance, and can involve changes like
altering compression techniques or hashing
algorithms.
29)Differences between IPv4 and IPv6 with
Examples?
IPv4 and IPv6 addresses differ in the
following ways:
• Format: IPv4 addresses are represented
using four decimal numbers separated by
periods, while IPv6 addresses are represented
using eight groups of four hexadecimal digits
separated by colons.
 Length: IPv4 addresses are 32-bit, while
IPv6 addresses are 128-bit.
• Number of possible addresses: IPv6 offers
1,028 times more addresses than IPv4.
• Security: IPv6 requires IP security (IPSec),
while IPv4 relies on applications.
• Class types: IPv4 has five types of classes,
while IPv6 addresses do not include any class
type.
Here are some examples of IPv4 and IPv6
addresses:
• IPv4: 192.0.2.1
• IPv6:
2001:0000:130F:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B

30)What are the Domain Name System (DNS)

and its uses?
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a system
that translates domain names into IP
addresses, a llowing users to access
websites and other internet resources:
When a user types a domain name into a
browser, the local internet service provider
(ISP) uses DNS to find the IP address for that
domain name. The browser then uses that IP
address to communicate with the website's
server to access the desired information.