JANETH L.

BASADA MAED SST

Exercise 5: Identifying and Analyzing Non-Experimental Research Designs

Instructions:

1. Review Non-Experimental Research Designs

Before starting the exercise, review the following types of non-experimental research designs:

o Descriptive Design: Focuses on describing characteristics of a population or phenomenon.

o Correlational Design: Examines relationships between two or more variables without establishing causation.

o Cross-Sectional Design: Collects data from a population at a single point in time.

o Longitudinal Design: Collects data from the same subjects over a period of time to observe changes.

o Case Study Design: Provides an in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or event.

2. Find Research Articles

Locate three peer-reviewed journal articles related to social work that use non-experimental research designs. Make sure
that each article represents a different type of non-experimental design from the list above.

3. Analyze the Articles

Read each article carefully, focusing on the research design and methodology sections. Identify the specific non-experimental
design used, and note the key features of the study.

4. Complete the Non-Experimental Research Design Matrix

Fill in the matrix below to summarize the key details of each article and research design.
 ANSWER:

Non-Experimental Research Design Matrix:

Type of Non-
Article Title (APA
Experimental Purpose of the Study Key Features of the Design Strengths Limitations
Citation)
Design

Mobach MP, Lifelines Longitudinal Design o The aim of this A large proportion of the global the sub-sample of the findings relied
Corona Research study was to report workforce migrated home during the 1,887 workers on self-reports of
Initiative (2023) on differences in COVID-19 pandemic and allowed for respondents,
Workplace impact on experiences and subsequent lockdowns. It remains longitudinal which may have
employees: A Lifelines health between unclear what the exact differences comparisons deviated from the
Corona Research home workers and between home workers and non- between the data and findings
Initiative on the return non-homeworkers home workers were, especially workers’ responses of, e.g., directly
to work. PLoS ONE just before are turn during the pandemic when a return from July and observed, actual
18(1): e0279902. to work during the to work was imminent. Lifelines September 2020. differences
https://doi.org/10.1371/j COVID-19 Corona Research Initiative was and, the findings between these
ournal.pone.0279902 pandemic. used to compare employees’ appear to be workers in the
workplaces and related concerns, robust, as different topics under
facilities, work quality, and health in sensitivity analyses investigation in
a complete case analysis (N = did not change the organizations, the
12,776) when return to work was findings built environment,
imminent. Mann-Whitney U, logistic and at their
regression, and Wilcoxon matched- workplaces
 pairs were used for analyses.
Notwithstanding small differences,
the results show that home workers
had less favorable scores for
concerns about and facilities of on-
site buildings and workplaces upon
return to work, but better scores for
work quality and health than non-
home workers. However, additional
analyses also suggest that building,
workplace, and related facilities may
have had the capacity to positively
influence employees’ affective
responses and work quality, but not
always their health.

da Silva Pontes N, Costa Cross-sectional this study aimed to This quantitative cross-sectional The present The WMSD may
de Assis SJ, de Oliveira analyze the prevalence of study used secondary data from the findings may be have been
GS, de Castro Santana WMSD and its association Brazilian National Health Survey powerful tools to underestimated
R, de Oliveira Nunes RF, with individual and from August 2013 to February 2014. develop public since its
Bezerra Rocha EA, et al. contextual factors in the The dependent variable included policies for WMSD identification
(2024) Social Brazilian population. WMSD, and independent variables and its associated depends on
determinants and work- were analyzed as individual and factors. clinical diagnosis,
related musculoskeletal contextual factors. WMSD was which is subjected
disorders in Brazil. PLoS mostly prevalent in females, to the level,
ONE 19(7): e0306840. individuals aged 43 to 59 years, with quality, and type of
https://doi.org/10.1371/jo chronic physical or mental disorders, access to
urnal.pone.0306840 reporting frequent sleep disorders, healthcare
and performing integrative and services. Memory
complementary health practices, bias and
physical exercise or sports, and inadequate
heavy physical activity or resources to
 housework. Regarding contextual
factors, high social classes and
proportion of individuals with formal
work were associated with a high
prevalence of WMSD, whereas a
assess data
high Gini index was associated with
quality were also
a low prevalence. Thus, a high
limitations due to
prevalence of WMSD in the
the nature of
Brazilian population was associated
epidemiological
with individual and contextual
surveys
factors, which should be the target
of health professionals for actions of
promotion, prevention, and
intervention at individual or
collective care levels.

Research integrity in Descriptive design This study therefore This was a descriptive literature We included the databases
Instructions for Authors in aimed to quantitatively study. We obtained Instructions for Japanese medical used as
Japanese medical compare the Instructions Authors from English- and journals that: (1) information
journals using ICMJE for Authors of ICMJE Japanese-language journals listed were currently sources for IFs
Recommendations: A member journals with on the JAMS website and the being published, (2) and OA did not
descriptive literature those of the JAMS ICMJE member journals listed on included contain Japanese-
study subcommittee journals the ICMJE website as of September Instructions for language journals.
(both English- and 1, 2021. We compared the presence Authors on their It was therefore
Koizumi S, Ide K, Becker Japanese-language), to of 20 topics (19 in the ICMJE websites, and (3) not possible to
C, Uchida T, Ishizaki M, clarify the content on Recommendations plus compliance appeared on the compare these
et al. (2024) Research research integrity. with ICMJE) in the Instructions for official journal list of issues across the
integrity in Instructions for Authors, and analyzed the content the JAMS three types of
Authors in Japanese of the conflict-of-interest disclosure. subcommittee. The journals
medical journals using exclusion criteria
ICMJE for Japanese
Recommendations: A medical journals
 were: (1) out of
print, (2) websites
lacked Instructions
for Authors, (3) not
included among the
descriptive literature
JAMS
study. PLOS ONE 19(7):
subcommittee
e0305707.https://doi.org/
journals, or (4)
10.1371/journal.pone.030
being listed more
5707
than once because
multiple societies of
the JAMS publish
the same journal.