11 Pre Cal Qtr1 Module 3
11 Pre Cal Qtr1 Module 3
MATHEMATICS
Quarter 1: Module 3
Parabolas
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the Parabolas. The scope of this module is to define a parabola
and to determine the standard form of equation of a parabola.
1. define a parabola;
2. determine the standard form of equation of a parabola;
3. convert the standard form of equation of a parabola and vice
versa
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Know
1. What is the set of all points (x,y) in a plane that are the same distance
from a fixed line called the directrix and a fixed point the focus?
a. circle b. parabola c. hyperbola d. ellipse
2. What is the fixed point in the interior of a parabola that lies in the
axis of symmetry?
a. vertex b. axis of symmetry c. focus d. directrix
3. What is the line segment that passes through the focus of a parabola
parallel to the directrix with endpoints on the parabola?
a. chord b. latus rectum c. secant d. directrix
4. What is the equation of a parabola when the vertex at the origin and
the axis of symmetry on x-axis?
a. y 2 = 4px b. y = 4py c. x 2 = 4py d. x = 4px
5. What is the equation of a parabola when the vertex at (h,k), and the
axis of symmetry on y-axis?
a. x + h = 4p y + k c. x - h = 4p y + k
2 2
b. x + h = 4p y - k d. x - h = 4p y - k
2 2
6. A line which cuts through the middle of the parabola is called ______?
7. What is the focus and directrix of the parabola with the given equation
of x 2 = 10y?
5 5 4 5
a. focus : 0, directrix : y = - c. focus : 0, directrix : y =
2 2 5 2
5 5 5 5
b. focus : ,0 directrix : x = - d. focus : ,-3 directrix : y =
2 2 2 2
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
8. What is the axis of symmetry of the parabola with the given equation
a. y = -6 b. y = -8 c. y =17 d. y = -21
9. A parabola has a focus (7,9) and directrix y=3. What is the standard
equation?
a. x - 7 = 12 y - 6 c. x + 7 = 12 y + 6
2 2
b. x - 49 = 24 y - 3 d. x + 49 = 24 y + 3
2 2
10. Which equation below represents a parabola that opens upward with
a vertex at (0,-5)?
2 2
a. y = x 2 + 5 b. y = x 2 - 5 c. y = x 2 - 5 d. y = x 2 + 5
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What’s In
Word Hunt: Find and encircle the following words below on the box.
P E C C E N T R I C I T Y R
C A P H Y S I C S E O M E S
L S R M I N U S A D R T I A
X H B A Y S R I V X N U P N
I E O J B F E K B E T Y J T
R E N P I O D L C D R T C O
T N U F O C L A N N I T A S
C E Y W Z U E P H L W Z E Y
E T P Q X S O A R B I O L X
R H D O M I C R E B E C A U
I S T P E C R E T N I S V E
D F A R R A H J D W C R N Z
1. PARABOLA
2. CENTER
3. FOCUS
4. VERTEX
5. INTERCEPTS
6. ECCENTRICITY
7. DIRECTRIX
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
LESSON 1: THE DEFINITION OF PARABOLA
What’s New
Construct a Parabola Using Circles
Materials
Cardboard
Paper
Pushpin
Pencil
Steps
1. Cut out the circles from the pattern.
2. Tape a piece of paper onto cardboard.
3. Draw a horizontal line near the bottom of the page.
4. Push a pushpin into the paper at a point above the center of
the line and slightly lower than the diameter of the smallest
circle.
5. Place a circle onto the paper so that it simultaneously touches
the pushpin and the line.
6. Poke a hole at the center of the circle. Repeat with the circle
on the other side of the pushpin.
7. Repeat for each circle.
8. Connect the pinpricks to form a parabola.
Guide Questions:
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What is It
What you will learn here is all about the definition of a parabola.
Parabola
A parabola is the set of all points in a plane such that the distance
of from a fixed line is equal to the distance of from a fixed point that
is not on the fixed line. The fixed line and the fixed point, which lie
in the plane of the parabola, are called the directrix and the focus,
respectively.
y
Axis of Directrix
y
x = -p
symmetry Axis of
symmetry
x 2 = 4py Focus x
(0, p) Vertex (0, 0) (p,Focus
0)
p>0
x y 2 = 4px
(0, 0) Vertex
Directrix
y = -p p>0
Graph
y y
x=p
y 2 = 4px
y=p
Directrix
Vertex (0, 0) p<0 Focus
x (-p, 0) (0, 0) Vertex
(0, -p) x
x2 = 4py Axis of
Focus
p<0 symmetry
Axis of
Directrix
symmetry
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Equation x2 = 4py y2 = 4px
Axis of
symmetry
Focus Vertex (h, k)
(h, k + p)
(h + p, k) Focus
(h, k) Vertex
Directrix x
y=k‒ p
hh x
Graph y y
Directrix
x=h‒
Directrix p hh
y=k‒ p (h, k) Vertex
hh
(h, k + p) Axis of symmetry (h, k) Vertex
Focus Focus (h + p, k)
x
Axis of symmetry x
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Equation (x ‒ h) 2 = 4p(y ‒ k) (y ‒ k) 2 = 4p(x ‒ h)
What’s More
Label the vertex, directrix, focus, and the axis of symmetry on the graphs
given by the following parabola.
3
y - 4
2
1. = -10 x +
2
2. x 2 - 6x - 2y + 9 = 0
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Have Learned
Fill in the blanks. Supply the appropriate terms to complete the thought of
the statement.
A line segment that passes through the focus of a parabola and has
endpoints on the parabola is called a 1.__________.
The 2.__________ is the chord through a focus parallel to the conic section
directrix. A line is 3._________tangent to a parabola at a point on the parabola
if the line intersects, but does not across the parabola at the point. Any point
on the parabola has the same distance from the 4.______ as it has from the
directrix. 5. _______ divides the parabola into two parts which are mirror
images of each other.
What I Can Do
The parabola has many important applications. It has the property that, if
they are made of material that reflects light, then light that travels parallel to
the axis of symmetry of a parabola and strikes its concave side is reflected to
its focus.
Task: In short bond paper, cite five examples that exhibit parabola and
explain the properties on how each part of the parabola works on the example.
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Assessment
Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the equation of a parabola when the vertex at the origin and
the axis of symmetry on x-axis?
a. y 2 = 4px b. y = 4py c. x 2 = 4py d. x = 4px
2. What is the line segment that passes through the focus of a parabola
parallel to the directrix with endpoints on the parabola?
a. chord b. latus rectum c. secant d. directrix
3. What is the set of all points (x,y) in a plane that are the same distance
from a fixed line called the directrix and a fixed point the focus?
a. circle b. parabola c. hyperbola d. ellipse
4. What is the fixed point in the interior of a parabola that lies in the
axis of symmetry?
a. vertex b. axis of symmetry c. focus d. directrix
5. What is the equation of a parabola when the vertex at (h,k), and the
axis of symmetry on y-axis?
a. x + h = 4p y + k c. x - h = 4p y + k
2 2
b. x + h = 4p y - k d. x - h = 4p y - k
2 2
Additional Activities
Complete the table below. Determine the vertex, focus, directrix, and axis of
symmetry of the parabola with the given equation.
5. x 3 y 5 16
2 2
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What is It
Complete the table below and plot each points to graph the following
quadratic functions and answer the questions below.
1. y = x + 2 -1
2
2. y = x 2 + 2x - 8
x -3 -1 0 1 3 x -4 -2 0 2 4
y y
Questions:
What’s New
Situational Problem. Solve and show your solution.
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What is It
What you will learn here is all about the standard equation of a parabola.
x = h - p. It would also be in our best interest to cover another form that the
equation of a parabola may appear as y = x - h + k, where h represents the
2
distance that the parabola has been translated along the x-axis, and k
represents the distance the parabola has been shifted up and down the y-
axis.
Solution : The focal point lies along the y – axis. Since the vertex is the
midpoint of the line segment from the focal point to the
1 1
y= x2 = - x2
4 -2 8
y=2
1 2
F 0,-2 y=- x
8
Figure1
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
The graphing techniques we have used so frequently permit
Example 2 Find the focal point and directrix of the parabola with
equation 2y 2 + 8y - x + 7 = 0 .
standard position.
We have 2 y + 4y + 4 - 2 4 - x +7 = 0 , which give
2
2 y + 2 - x -1 = 0 , or x +1 = 2 y + 2 .
2 2
1 2
x = 2 y2 = y .
4c
1 1
Since = 2 , we have c = . The standard position of a
4c 8
1 y 1
parabola has focal point at , 0 and directrix = - .
8 8
9
x
8 1
F ,0
8
x 1 2( y 2) 2
Figure 2
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Example 3 A satellite dish shaped like a paraboloid, has diameter of 2.4ft
and depth 0.9ft. If the receiver is placed at the focus, how far
should the receiver be from the vertex?
Solution:
Since y 1.2,0.9
x 2 = 4ay
1.44 3.6a
1.2 = 4a 0.9
2
= 0.4 = a
3.6 3.6
The receiver should be 0.4ft. fromthe vertex.
What’s More
1. 8 y = x 2 2.
1 y = x2
4
Answer Answer
Vertex Vertex
Focus Focus
Directrix Directrix
Axis of Axis of
Symmetry Symmetry
2 y 2 8 y x 7 0.
1. Directrix x = -2; vertex at (0, 0)
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
What I Have Learned
Find the standard equation of the parabola which satisfies the given
condition.
What I Can Do
Rubrics:
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Assessment
1 5
1. A parabola has a focus ,-4 , and directrix x = . What is the
3 3
standard equation?
5 5
a. y + 4 = - x -1 c. y + 4 = x -1
2 2
3 3
4 8
b. y + 4 = - x -1 d. y + 4 = - x -1
2 2
3 3
2
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4. Given the equation of the parabola y - = -4 x - 5 , where would
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the vertex be?
11 13 12 10
a. 6, b. 5, c. 4, d. 3,
7 2 8 6
5. A parabola has a focus (0,-1) and directrix y=1. What is the standard
equation?
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Additional Activities
A. Find the vertex, focus, directrix, and ax is of symmetry of the
parabola that satisfies the given equation.
1. y 2 = - 6 x
1 2
2. y = x
2
Answer Answer
Vertex Vertex
Focus Focus
Directrix Directrix
Axis of Axis of
Symmetry Symmetry
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
SUMMATIVE TEST
b. x + 5 = -16 y - 2 d. y + 5 = -16 x - 2
2 2
a.y = -3 b. y = -5 c. x = 5 d. y = 2
a. x + 7 = -12 y - 6 c. x - 7 = -12 y + 6
2 2
b. x - 7 = 12 y - 6 d. x + 7 = 12 y + 6
2 2
6. Given the equation of the parabola y 2 - 5x +12y = -16, where would the
vertex be?
24
8. What is the directrix of the parabola x + 3 = - y - 4?
2
5
a.y = 5.2 b. y = 4.4 c. y = 3.5 d. y = 2
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
9. A parabola has focus (-3,2.8) and directrix y = 5.2 . What is the
standard equation?
20 11
a. x + 3 = - y - 4 c. x + 3 = - y - 4
2 2
7 12
24 15
b. x + 3 y - 4 d. y + 3 y - 4
2 2
=- =-
5 6
12. Given the equation of the parabola x - 2 +16 x - 3 = 0, find the vertex
2
and focus?
a. vertex : -3,-2 focus : -3,14 c. vertex : -3,-2 focus : -7,-2
b. vertex : -3,-2 focus : -3,-18 d. vertex : 3,2 focus : -1,2
13. What is the standard equation of the parabola with the given vertex at
the origin and directrix x=1?
a. x 2 = -4y b. x 2 = 4y c. y 2 = -4x d. x 2 = y
9
14. Given the equation of the parabola y 2 = - x, find the vertex and focus.
8
5 9 9 9
a. vertex : 0,- focus : - ,- c. vertex : 0,0 focus : - ,0
4 8 8 8
9 9
b. vertex : 0,0 focus : 0,- d. vertex : 0,0 focus : - ,0
8 32
15. What is the equation of the parabola with vertex at (5,4) and focus at
(-3,4)?
a. y - 4 = -32 x - 5 c. y + 4 = 32 x + 5
2 2
b. y - 4 = 32 x - 5 d. y + 4 = -32 x - 5
2 2
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
17. What is the name of the line and the point that a parabola is created
from?
a. The line is the axis and the point is the pin
18. What is the standard equation of a parabola whose focus (7,9) and
directrix y = 3?
a. x + 4 = 10 y + 4 c. x - 5 = 6 y + 5
2 2
b. x + 2 = 4 y + 2 d. x - 7 = 12 y - 6
2 2
19. A satellite dish shaped like a paraboloid, has diameter 2.4 feet and
depth 0.9 feet. If the receiver is placed at the focus, how far should the
receiver be from the vertex?
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
References
Leithold, Louis. The Calculus 7. Singapore. Pearson Educatiuon Asia Pte. Ltd.
2006.
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
Development Team of the Module
Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics
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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE