Java I/O

Chittaranjan Pradhan

Web Technology 13 I/O Basics

Stream

Java I/O Reading Console Input

Reading with
java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
Output

PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

Files
Character-based Reading &
Writing

Chittaranjan Pradhan
School of Computer Engineering,
KIIT University
13.1
 Java I/O
I/O Basics
Chittaranjan Pradhan

I/O Basics

Stream

Reading Console Input

I/O Basics Reading with

java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
• Java I/O is used to process the input and produce the Output

output based on the input PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

• Java uses the concept of stream to make I/O operations Files
Character-based Reading &
• java.io package contains all the classes required for input Writing

and output operations

• Two important methods are read() and write()

13.2
 Java I/O
Stream
Chittaranjan Pradhan

Stream
I/O Basics

• A stream is an abstraction that either produces or Stream

Reading Console Input

consumes information. It is linked to a physical device by
Reading with
the Java IO system java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
• A stream is a sequence of data. It is composed of bytes Output

• java.lang package defines a class called System, which PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

encapsulates several aspects of the run-time environment Files
Character-based Reading &
• System.out: Writing

• It refers to the standard output stream

• System.in:
• It refers to the standard input stream
• System.err:
• It refers to the standard error stream

System.in is an object of type InputStream. System.out and

System.err are objects of type PrintStream
13.3
 Java I/O
Stream...
Chittaranjan Pradhan

I/O Basics
Byte Stream Classes Stream

Reading Console Input

• These are defined by using two class hierarchies at the Reading with
top: InputStream and OutputStream java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
• To use stream classes, you must import java.io Output

PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

• OutputStream: Files
Character-based Reading &
• It is an abstract class. It is the superclass of all classes Writing

representing an output stream of bytes

• It is used to write data to a destination

• InputStream:
• It is an abstract class. It is the superclass of all classes
representing an input stream of bytes
• It is used to read data from a source

13.4
 Java I/O
Stream...
Chittaranjan Pradhan

Character Stream Classes I/O Basics

Stream

• These are defined by using two class hierarchies at the Reading Console Input

top: Reader and Writer Reading with

java.util.Scanner class

• These classes handle Unicode character streams Writing Console

Output

PrintWriter Class

• Reader: Reading & Writing

Files
• It is the abstract class that describes character stream input Character-based Reading &
Writing
• Reader class contains methods that are identical to those
available in InputStream class, except Reader is designed
to handle characters
• Writer:
• It is the abstract class that describes character stream
output
• It provides support for all output operations by defining
methods that are identical to those in OutputStream class

13.5
 Java I/O
Reading Console Input
Chittaranjan Pradhan

Reading Console Input

I/O Basics

• Console input is accomplished by reading from System.in. Stream

To obtain a character based stream that is attached to Reading Console Input

Reading with
console, wrap System.in in a BufferedReader object java.util.Scanner class

• BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new Writing Console

Output
InputStreamReader(System.in)); PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

Files
Character-based Reading &
Reading Characters Writing

• int read() throws IOException

• char ch=(char)br.read();

Reading Strings

• String readLine() throws IOException

• String str=br.readLine();

13.6
 Java I/O
Reading Console Input...
Chittaranjan Pradhan
Reading Integers
I/O Basics
• int Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
Stream

• int item=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine()); Reading Console Input

Reading with
java.util.Scanner class

Reading Other Types of Values Writing Console

Output

PrintWriter Class
• Float.parseFloat(br.readLine()) Reading & Writing
Files
Character-based Reading &
Writing
• Double.parseDouble(br.readLine())

• Byte.parseByte(br.readLine())

• Short.parseShort(br.readLine())

• Long.parseLong(br.readLine())

• Boolean.parseBoolean(br.readLine())
13.7
 Java I/O
Reading with java.util.Scanner class
Chittaranjan Pradhan

I/O Basics

Stream
Reading with java.util.Scanner class Reading Console Input

Reading with
java.util.Scanner class
• Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
Writing Console
• When the Scanner class receives input, it breaks it into Output

PrintWriter Class
several pieces, called tokens
Reading & Writing
• String str=sc.next(); Files
Character-based Reading &
String str=sc.nextLine(); Writing

char ch=sc.next.charAt(0);
int item=sc.nextInt();
float bal=sc.nextFloat();
long a=sc.nextLong();
long b=sc.nextDouble();

13.8
 Java I/O
Writing Console Output
Chittaranjan Pradhan

I/O Basics

Stream

Reading Console Input

Reading with
Writing Console Output java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
Output
• Console output is accomplished by print() and println().
PrintWriter Class
These methods are defined by PrintStream class Reading & Writing
Files
• PrintStream is an output stream derived from Character-based Reading &
Writing
OutputStream. It also implements write()
• int b=’P’;
System.out.write(b);

13.9
 Java I/O
PrintWriter Class
Chittaranjan Pradhan

I/O Basics

Stream
PrintWriter Class Reading Console Input

Reading with
• PrintWriter is one of the character based classes java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
• PrintWriter(OutputStream outputStream, boolean Output

flushOnNewline) PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

• PrintWriter supports print() and println() methods for all Files

types including Object Character-based Reading &

Writing

• To write to the console by using PrintWriter, specify

System.out for the output stream and flush the stream
after each newline
• PrintWriter pw=new PrintWriter(System.out, true);
pw.println("Bye");

13.10
 Java I/O
Reading & Writing Files
Chittaranjan Pradhan

I/O Basics
Reading & Writing Files Stream

Reading Console Input

• Java files are byte-oriented Reading with
java.util.Scanner class
• Java allows wrapping of a byte-oriented file stream within Writing Console
a character-based object Output

PrintWriter Class
• Most used stream classes are: FileInputStream and
Reading & Writing
FileOutputStream Files
Character-based Reading &
Writing
• FileInputStream(String fname) throws
FileNotFoundException

FileOutputStream(String fname) throws

FileNotFoundException
• When an output file is opened, any preexisting file by the
same name is destroyed

13.11
 Java I/O
Reading & Writing Files...
Chittaranjan Pradhan

I/O Basics
Reading & Writing Files... Stream

Reading Console Input

• After the work is over, the file should be closed by using Reading with
close() method java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
void close() throws IOException Output

PrintWriter Class

• To read from a file, use Reading & Writing

Files
int read() throws IOException Character-based Reading &
Writing

Each time the read() is called, it reads a single byte from

the file and returns the byte as an integer value

• To write to a file, use

void write(int byteval) throws IOException
Though byteval is declared as an integer, only the
low-order 8 bits are written to the file

13.12
 Java I/O
Reading & Writing Files...
Chittaranjan Pradhan

I/O Basics
Writing Files
Stream

DataInputStream class is used to read data from keyboard Reading Console Input

DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(System.in); Reading with

java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
Output

PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

Files
Character-based Reading &
Writing

13.13
 Java I/O
Reading & Writing Files...
Chittaranjan Pradhan

Reading Files
I/O Basics

Stream

Reading Console Input

Reading with
java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
Output

PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

Files
Character-based Reading &
Writing

13.14
 Java I/O
Reading & Writing Files...
Chittaranjan Pradhan
Copying Files
I/O Basics

Stream

Reading Console Input

Reading with
java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
Output

PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

Files
Character-based Reading &
Writing

13.15
 Java I/O
Character-based Reading & Writing
Chittaranjan Pradhan

I/O Basics
Writing Files using FileWriter Stream

FileWriter is useful to create file by writing characters into it Reading Console Input

Reading with
java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
Output

PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

Files
Character-based Reading &
Writing

13.16
 Java I/O
Character-based Reading & Writing...
Chittaranjan Pradhan
Reading Files using FileReader
FileReader is useful to read data in the form of characters I/O Basics

Stream

Reading Console Input

Reading with
java.util.Scanner class

Writing Console
Output

PrintWriter Class

Reading & Writing

Files
Character-based Reading &
Writing

13.17